Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Trichuris"

Brief Communications

Intestinal Nematodes from Small Mammals Captured near the Demilitarized Zone, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea: Deok-Gyu Kim, Jae-Hwan Park, Jae-Lip Kim, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sarah Jiyoun Jeon, Hyemi Lim, Mi Youn Lee, Eun-Hee Shin, Terry A. Klein, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, Jin-Won Song, Luck-Ju Baek, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):135-139.
Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.135

Abstract
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A total of 1,708 small mammals (1,617 rodents and 91 soricomorphs), including Apodemus agrarius (n = 1,400), Microtus fortis (167), Crocidura lasiura (91), Mus musculus (32), Myodes (= Eothenomys) regulus (9), Micromys minutus (6), and Tscherskia (= Cricetulus) triton (3), were live-trapped at US/Republic of Korea (ROK) military training sites near the demilitarized zone (DMZ) of Paju, Pocheon, and Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi Province from December 2004 to December 2009. Small mammals were examined for their intestinal nematodes by necropsy. A total of 1,617 rodents (100%) and 91 (100%) soricomorphs were infected with at least 1 nematode species, including Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Syphacia obvelata, Heterakis spumosa, Protospirura muris, Capillaria spp., Trichuris muris, Rictularia affinis, and an unidentified species. N. brasiliensis was the most common species infecting small mammals (1,060; 62.1%) followed by H. polygyrus (617; 36.1%), S. obvelata (370; 21.7%), H. spumosa (314; 18.4%), P. muris (123; 7.2%), and Capillaria spp. (59; 3.5%). Low infection rates (0.1-0.8%) were observed for T. muris, R. affinis, and an unidentified species. The number of recovered worms was highest for N. brasiliensis (21,623 worms; mean 20.4 worms/infected specimen) followed by S. obvelata (9,235; 25.0 worms), H. polygyrus (4,122; 6.7 worms), and H. spumosa (1,160; 3.7 worms). A. agrarius demonstrated the highest prevalence for N. brasiliensis (70.9%), followed by M. minutus (50.0%), T. triton (33.3%), M. fortis (28.1%), M. musculus (15.6%), C. lasiura (13.2%), and M. regulus (0%). This is the first report of nematode infections in small mammals captured near the DMZ in ROK.

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A newly identified secreted larval antigen elicits basophil-dependent protective immunity against N. brasiliensis infection
Natalie Thuma, Daniela Döhler, Dirk Mielenz, Heinrich Sticht, Daniel Radtke, Lena Reimann, Bettina Warscheid, David Voehringer
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IL‐4/IL‐13‐producing ILC2s are required for timely control of intestinal helminth infection in mice
Filipa Varela, Cornelia Symowski, Jonathan Pollock, Stefan Wirtz, David Voehringer
European Journal of Immunology.2022; 52(12): 1925. CrossRef
Rictularia jiyeoni n. sp. (Nematoda: Rictulariidae) from the Striped Field Mouse, Apodemus agrarius, in Korea
Bae Keun Park, Hyeon Cheol Kim, Eui Ju Hong, Si Yun Ryu, Joon Seok Chae
Journal of Parasitology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A helminth-derived suppressor of ST2 blocks allergic responses
Francesco Vacca, Caroline Chauché, Abhishek Jamwal, Elizabeth C Hinchy, Graham Heieis, Holly Webster, Adefunke Ogunkanbi, Zala Sekne, William F Gregory, Martin Wear, Georgia Perona-Wright, Matthew K Higgins, Josquin A Nys, E Suzanne Cohen, Henry J McSorle
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Infections of Intestinal Helminth at Two Species of Field Mice, Apodemus agrarius and A. Peninsulae, in Gangwondo and Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
Jae-Hyung Lee, Shuang Gong, Yung Chul Park, Hyun-Ju Kim, In-Wook Choi, Young-Ha Lee
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The Distribution and Habitat Characteristic of Tscherskia triton (Rodentia; Cricetidae) in Jeju Island, Korea
Jun-Ho Park, Kang Il Kim, Man-Ho Kim, Hong-Shik Oh
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis with ELISA and Rapid Diagnostic Test among Residents in Gyodong-do, Inchon city, Korea: A Four-Year Follow-up
Yeong Hoon Kim, Ji hoo Lee, Seong kyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 247. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis Detected by RDT in Residents near the DMZ (demilitarized zone) of Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea
Yeong Hoon Kim, Jihoo Lee, Young-Eun Kim, Seongkyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(4): 385. CrossRef

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V-shaped Pits in Regions of Ancient Baekje Kingdom Paleoparasitologically Confirmed as Likely Human-Waste Reservoirs: Dong Hoon Shin, Sang-Yuck Shim, Myeung Ju Kim, Chang Seok Oh, Mi-Hyun Lee, Suk Bae Jung, Geon Il Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):569-573.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.569

Abstract
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In a paleo-parasitological analysis of soil samples obtained from V-shaped pits dating to the ancient Baekje period in Korean history, we discovered Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Clonorchis sinensis eggs. In light of the samples' seriously contaminated state, the V-shaped pits might have served as toilets, cesspits, or dung heaps. For a long period of time, researchers scouring archaeological sites in Korea have had difficulties locating such structures. In this context then, the present report is unique because similar kind of the ancient ruins must become an ideal resource for successful sampling in our forthcoming paleoparasitological studies.

Citations

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Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef
Helminth Eggs Detected in Soil Samples of a Possible Toilet Structure Found at the Capital Area of Ancient Baekje Kingdom of Korea
Chang Seok Oh, Sang-Yuck Shim, Yongjun Kim, Jong Ha Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Hisashi Fujita, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 393. CrossRef
Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis
Byoung-Kuk Na, Jhang Ho Pak, Sung-Jong Hong
Acta Tropica.2020; 203: 105309. CrossRef
Metagenomics and microscope revealed T. trichiura and other intestinal parasites in a cesspit of an Italian nineteenth century aristocratic palace
Daniela Chessa, Manuela Murgia, Emanuela Sias, Massimo Deligios, Vittorio Mazzarello, Maura Fiamma, Daniela Rovina, Gabriele Carenti, Giulia Ganau, Elisabetta Pintore, Mauro Fiori, Gemma L. Kay, Alessandro Ponzeletti, Piero Cappuccinelli, David J. Kelvin,
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Archaeoparasitological Strategy Based on the Microscopic Examinations of Prehistoric Samples and the Recent Report on the Difference in the Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Indian Subcontinent
Dong Hoon Shin, Yong Jun Kim, Ravindra Singh Bisht, Vivek Dangi, Prabodh Shirvalkar, Nilesh Jadhav, Chang Seok Oh, Jong Ha Hong, Jong Yil Chai, Min Seo, Vasant Shinde
Ancient Asia.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Estimation of parasite infection prevalence of Joseon people by paleoparasitological data updates from the ancient feces of pre-modern Korean mummies
MIN SEO, CHANG SEOK OH, JONG HA HONG, JONG-YIL CHAI, SOON CHUL CHA, YURI BANG, IN GUK CHA, YANG GUN WI, JUNG MIN PARK, DONG HOON SHIN
Anthropological Science.2017; 125(1): 9. CrossRef
Discovery of Parasite Eggs in Archeological Residence during the 15th Century in Seoul, Korea
Pyo Yeon Cho, Jung-Min Park, Myeong-Ki Hwang, Seo Hye Park, Yun-Kyu Park, Bo-Young Jeon, Tong-Soo Kim, Hyeong-Woo Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 357. CrossRef

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Paleoparasitological Surveys for Detection of Helminth Eggs in Archaeological Sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do: Myeong-Ju Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Mi-Jin Song, Hye-Young Song, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):489-492.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.489

Abstract
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A paleoparasitological survey to detect helminth eggs was performed in archaeological sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 593 soil samples were collected in 12 sites of Jeolla-do and 5 sites of Jeju-do from April to November 2011, and examined by the methods of Pike and coworkers. A total of 4 helminth eggs, 2 eggs each for Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris sp., were found in soil samples from 1 site, in Hyangyang-ri, Jangheung-eup, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do. The egg-recovery layer was presumed to represent a 19th century farm, which fact suggested the use of human manures. This is the third archaeological discovery of parasite eggs in Jeolla-do. Additionally, no helminth eggs in archaeological sites of Jeju-do is an interesting problem to be solved in the further investigations.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef
Discovery of Parasite Eggs in Archeological Residence during the 15th Century in Seoul, Korea
Pyo Yeon Cho, Jung-Min Park, Myeong-Ki Hwang, Seo Hye Park, Yun-Kyu Park, Bo-Young Jeon, Tong-Soo Kim, Hyeong-Woo Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 357. CrossRef
Paleoparasitological study on the soil sediment samples from archaeological sites of ancient Silla Kingdom in Korean peninsula
Myeung Ju Kim, Min Seo, Chang Seok Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Jinju Lee, Gab-jin Kim, Won Young Ma, Soon Jo Choi, Karl Reinhard, Adauto Araujo, Dong Hoon Shin
Quaternary International.2016; 405: 80. CrossRef

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Molecular Identification of Oesophagostomum and Trichuris Eggs Isolated from Wild Japanese Macaques: Naoki Arizono, Minoru Yamada, Tatsuya Tegoshi, Kotaro Onishi; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):253-257.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.253

Abstract
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Natural habitat fragmentation and reducing habitat quality have resulted in an increased appearance of Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata (Gray, 1870), in suburban areas in Japan. To investigate the risk of zoonotic infections, a coprological survey of helminth eggs passed by wild Japanese macaques was carried out in 2009 and 2010 in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Microscopic examination found helminth eggs in high prevalence, and nucleotide sequencing of DNA extracted from the eggs identified Oesophagostomum cf. aculeatum and Trichuris trichiura. A fecal culture also detected infective larvae of Strongyloides fuelleborni. These zoonotic nematodes pose a potential health issue to local people in areas frequented by Japanese macaques.

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Case Reports

Trichuris vulpis (Froelich, 1789) Infection in a Child: A Case Report: Adrian M?rquez-Navarro, Gudelio Garc?a-Bracamontes, Blanca E. ?lvarez-Fern?ndez, Luz P. ?vila-Caballero, Isabel Santos-Aranda, Dylan L. D?az-Chiguer, Rosa M. S?nchez-Manzano, Elvia Rodr?guez-Bataz, Benjam?n Nogueda-Torres; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):69-71.
Published online March 6, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.69

Abstract
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We present a human infection with the canine whipworm, Trichuris vulpis, in a child suffering from rhinitis with a diagnosis of rhinitis. T. vulpis eggs resemble those of T. trichiura but they can be differentiated based on their morphological features and egg size, using micrometry with an ocular micrometer. T. vulpis eggs measured an average of 90 ?m by 44 ?m (range 86-99 ?m by 38-47 ?m). Prevalence of hookworms (28.1%), Toxocara canis (11.8%), and Trichuris vulpis (3.5%) was found in 292 fecal samples of dogs collected at the peri-domicile, which showed that the risk of infection was not only fortuitous. The treatment of canine whipworm infections is similar to that of T. trichiura infection. We recommend differentiation of the 2 species for their epidemiological and prevention implications.

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Trichuris trichiura Infection Diagnosed by Colonoscopy: Case Reports and Review of Literature: Kyung-Sun Ok, You-Sun Kim, Jung-Hoon Song, Jin-Ho Lee, Soo-Hyung Ryu, Jung-Hwan Lee, Jeong-Seop Moon, Dong-Hee Whang, Hye-Kyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):275-280.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.275

Abstract
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Trichuris trichiura, commonly referred to as a whipworm, has a worldwide distribution, particularly among countries with warm, humid climates. In Korea, trichuriasis was a highly prevalent soil-transmitted helminthiasis until the 1970s. However, the nationwide prevalence decreased to 0.02% in 2004 as a result of national control activities and improvement in the socioeconomic status of Koreans. Most infected individuals have no distinct symptoms, if lightly infected. The diagnosis is typically confirmed by detection of T. trichiura eggs on examination of a stool sample; few reports have described detection of the parasite during colonoscopy. Recently, we managed 4 patients with trichuriasis who were diagnosed by detection of the parasite on colonoscopy, and we reviewed the literature on the colonoscopic diagnosis of T. trichiura in Korea. We suggest that colonoscopy might be a useful diagnostic tool, especially when infected by only a few male worms with no eggs in the stool.

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Brief Communications

Intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis among school children in an urban center and some rural communities in southwest Nigeria: Olufemi Moses Agbolade, Ndubuisi Chinweike Agu, Oluseyi Olusegun Adesanya, Adedayo Olugbenga Odejayi, Aliu Adekunle Adigun, Emmanuel Babatunde Adesanlu, Flourish George Ogunleye, Adetoun Omolayo Sodimu, Stella Ajoke Adeshina, Ganiyat Olusola Bisiriyu, Oluwatosin Ibiyemi Omotoso, Karen Mfon Udia; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):233-238.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.233

Abstract
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Intestinal helminths and schistosomiasis among school children were investigated in an urban and some rural communities of Ogun State, southwest Nigeria. Fecal samples of 1,059 subjects (524 males, 535 females) aged 3-18 years were examined using direct smear and brine concentration methods between June 2005 and November 2006. The pooled prevalence of infection was 66.2%. Ascaris lumbricoides showed the highest prevalence (53.4%) (P < 0.001) followed by hookworms (17.8%), Trichuris trichiura (10.4%), Taenia sp. (9.6%), Schistosoma mansoni (2.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.7%), Schistosoma haematobium (0.6%), and Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%). The prevalences of A. lumbricoides, hookworms, Taenia sp., S. mansoni, and S. stercoralis in the urban centre were similar (P > 0.05) to those in the rural communities. The fertile and infertile egg ratios of A. lumbricoides in the urban centre and the rural communities were 13: 1 and 3.7: 1, respectively. Each helminth had similar prevalences among both genders (P > 0.05). The prevalence of A. lumbricoides increased significantly with age (P < 0.001). The commonest double infections were Ascaris and hookworms, while the commonest triple infections were Ascaris, hookworms, and Trichuris. The study demonstrates the need for urgent intervention programmes against intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis in the study area.

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Status of intestinal helminthic infections of borderline residents in North Korea: Shunyu Li, Chenghua Shen, Min-Ho Choi, Young Mee Bae, Hiwon Yoon, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(3):265-268.
Published online September 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.3.265

Abstract
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The present authors investigated intestinal parasitic infections among North Korean residents and refugees in China in 2003. The Kato-Katz method was applied to 236 residents and soldiers in a town on the North Korea-China border and to 46 people at a refugee camp in China. Only eggs of Ascaris and Trichuris were detected, with egg positive rates of 41.1% and 37.6%, respectively. The total egg positive rate was 55.0% and most of those who were egg positive were only lightly infected. Women of 61.2% and men of 53.1% were egg positive. The refugees from rural areas showed higher egg positive rates than those from urban areas. The present investigation confirmed high prevalence of soil-transmitted intestinal helminths in rural borderline areas of North Korea.

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A successful experience of soil-transmitted helminth control in the Republic of Korea: Sung-Tae Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Min-Ho Choi, Sun Huh, Han-Jong Rim, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(3):177-185.
Published online September 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.3.177

Abstract
PDF

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH), namely Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworms (Ancylostoma and Necator), present a global health problem to about a half of the earth's population. In the Republic of Korea, STH were highly prevalent and were considered a high priority target for national control. To promote the control, a non-governmental organization named Korea Association for Parasite Eradication (currently Korea Association of Health Promotion) was founded in 1964, and mass fecal examination followed by selective mass chemotherapy with anthelmintics was performed twice a year from 1969 to 1995 targeting whole nationwide schoolchildren. Meanwhile, decreasing patterns of national STH infections have been monitored by 7 times' quinquennial national surveys targeting general population. In 1971, the overall intestinal helminth egg positive rate was 84.3% (Ascaris 58.2%, Trichuris 65.4%, and hookworms 10.7%), which became 63.2% in 1976, 41.1% in 1981, 12.9% in 1986, 3.8% in 1992, 2.4% in 1997, and 4.3% (Ascaris 0.03%, Trichuris 0.02%, and hookworms 0%) in 2004. During the control period, national economy rapidly developed, and living standards including environment, sanitation, and agricultural technology greatly improved, which undoubtedly boosted the STH control effects. Our experience indicates that social driving force to establish an eligible national control system to conduct repeated mass chemotherapy, together with improvement of environment and sanitation, is important for initiating and achieving STH control in a developing community.

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Brief Communication

Intestinal Helminthic Infections Diagnosed by Colonoscopy in a Regional Hospital during 2001-2008: Do, Kyong Rock , Cho, Young Seok , Kim, Hyung Keun , Hwang, Byung Hee , Shin, Eun Jung , Jeong, Hae Bin , Kim, Sung Soo , Chae, Hiun Suk , Choi, Myung Gyu; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):75-78.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.75

Abstract
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The present study investigated characteristics of 24 parasite infection cases detected during colonoscopy in a regional hospital from January 2001 to December 2008. Sixteen patients were confirmed with Trichuris trichiura infection, 6 patients were with Ascaris lumbricoides infection, 1 patient with Enterobius vermicularis infection, and 1 patient with Anisakis infection. Among them, 7 patients (43.8%) were asymptomatic. Colonoscopy findings were normal in 18 patients (75.0%). Among the patients with T. trichiura infection, colonoscopy showed several erosions in 2 patients (8.3%) and non-specific inflammation of the affected segment of the colon in 3 patients (12.5%). In 1 patient with anisakiasis, colonoscopy revealed a markedly swollen colonic wall. Stool examinations were performed before treatment in 7 patients (29.2%) and were all negative for parasite eggs or worms. These results suggest that colonoscopy is a useful diagnostic approach for parasitic infections even for asymptomatic patients and for patients with negative stool examinations.

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