Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a zoonotic soil-derived nematode that parasitizes the intestines of humans and animals (dogs and cats), leading to malnutrition and iron-deficiency anemia. Helminth parasites secrete calreticulin (CRT), which regulates or blocks the host’s immune response. However, no data on A. ceylanicum calreticulin (Ace-CRT) are available. We investigated the biological function of recombinant Ace-CRT (rAce-CRT). rAce-CRT showed reliable antigenicity and stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assays revealed that rAce-CRT primarily promoted the expression of T helper 2 cytokines, particularly IL-13, in canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. rAce-CRT inhibited complement-mediated sheep erythrocyte hemolysis in vitro. Our findings indicate that Ace-CRT plays an immunomodulatory role and may be a promising candidate molecule for a hookworm vaccine.
Calreticulin (CALR), a multifunctional protein thoroughly researched in mammals, comprises N-, P-, and C-domain and has roles in calcium homeostasis, chaperoning, clearance of apoptotic cells, cell adhesion, and also angiogenesis. In this study, the spatial and temporal expression patterns of the Opisthorchis viverrini CALR gene were analyzed, and calcium-binding and chaperoning properties of recombinant O. viverrini CALR (OvCALR) investigated. OvCALR mRNA was detected from the newly excysted juvenile to the mature parasite by RT-PCR while specific antibodies showed a wide distribution of the protein. OvCALR was localized in tegumental cell bodies, testes, ovary, eggs, Mehlis’
gland, prostate gland, and vitelline cells of the mature parasite. Recombinant OvCALR showed an in vitro suppressive effect on the thermal aggregation of citrate synthase. The recombinant OvCALR C-domain showed a mobility shift in native gel electrophoresis in the presence of calcium. The results imply that OvCALR has comparable function to the mammalian homolog as a calcium-binding molecular chaperone. Inferred from the observed strong immunostaining of the reproductive tissues, OvCALR should be important for reproduction and might be an interesting target to disrupt parasite fecundity. Transacetylase activity of OvCALR as reported for calreticulin of Haemonchus contortus could not be observed.
The many faces of parasite calreticulin Diego Esperante, Ana Flisser, Fela Mendlovic Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Two calcium‐binding chaperones from the fat body of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) involved in diapause Cansu Doğan, Sabine Hänniger, David G. Heckel, Cathy Coutu, Dwayne D. Hegedus, Linda Crubaugh, Russell L. Groves, Şerife Bayram, Umut Toprak Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Trypanosoma cruzi Calreticulin: Immune Evasion, Infectivity, and Tumorigenesis Galia Ramírez-Toloza, Eduardo Sosoniuk-Roche, Carolina Valck, Lorena Aguilar-Guzmán, Viviana P. Ferreira, Arturo Ferreira Trends in Parasitology.2020; 36(4): 368. CrossRef
The Interactions of Parasite Calreticulin With Initial Complement Components: Consequences in Immunity and Virulence Galia Ramírez-Toloza, Lorena Aguilar-Guzmán, Carolina Valck, Viviana P. Ferreira, Arturo Ferreira Frontiers in Immunology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Diallyl disulfide down‐regulates calreticulin and promotes C/EBPα expression in differentiation of human leukaemia cells Jing Sun, Hongxiang Mu, Jia Yu, Linwei Li, Hongxia Yan, Guoqing Li, Hui Tan, Nanyang Yang, Xiaoyan Yang, Lan Yi Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine.2019; 23(1): 194. CrossRef
Evaluation of Opisthorchis viverrini calreticulin for potential host modulation Wanlapa Chaibangyang, Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc, Peter M. Smooker, Smarn Tesana, Rudi Grams Acta Tropica.2018; 187: 175. CrossRef
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