Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"mitochondrial genome"

Original Articles

Complete mitogenome sequence of Caryophyllaeus brachycollis (Cestoda: Caryophyllidae) from China: Characterization and phylogenetic analyses of Caryophyllidea: Yi-Liu Liu, Ya Zhang, Yi-Tian Fu, Guo-Hua Liu, Hui-Mei Wang, Yuan-Ping Deng; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(4):317-326.
Published online November 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25044

Caryophyllaeus brachycollis mainly parasitizes the intestines of globally distributed freshwater fishes, and infection causes significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. However, data on the molecular epidemiology, population genetics, and systematics of C. brachycollis are scarce. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of C. brachycollis isolated from Beijing, China. This circular mitogenome comprised 14,273 bp, which was 231 bp shorter than that of C. brachycollis isolated from Wuhan, China. The mitogenome contained 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 noncoding regions. Bayesian inference revealed that C. brachycollis belonged to the family Caryophyllaeidae. The taxonomic status of C. brachycollis is controversial when based solely on morphological features. A comparative analysis of the mitogenome sequence obtained in this study revealed novel molecular markers for the accurate ascertainment of the phylogenetic position of this parasite.

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Morphology and Mitochondrial Genome of Fischoederius sp. 1 in Thailand: Pichanee Watthanasiri, Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc, Rudi Grams; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(4):355-362.
Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.355

A rumen fluke Fischoederius elongatus is assigned to the type species of genus Fischoederius, family Gastrothylacidae. However, the mitochondrial sequences recently published are thought to be of inconsistent species, suggesting that several morphologically similar but genetically distinct species might be classified as Fischoederius elongatus. Thus, mentions of F. elongatus from South, Southeast, and East Asia might unintentionally refer to different species. The present work describes morphology and a full mitochondrial genome sequence of one of these species. The fluke specimens were collected from 2 infected cattle in Thailand. An interesting finding was the presence of a second tRNA-Asp gene next to a partial ND1 gene. It is suggested that these duplicated sequences are the remnants of non-reciprocal recombination events caused by inverted repeats located between ND2 and ND1 mitochondrial genes.

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Morphological Observation and Detailed Molecular Characterization of Fischoederius elongatus (Digenea: Gastrothylacidae) from the Rumen of Domestic Cattle in Cambodia
Chinda Wann, Bengthay Tep, Witaya Suriyasathaporn, Yasuhiro Morita, Vutha Pheng, Satoshi Ohkura, Shuichi Matsuyama, Sho Nakamura, Kei Hayashi
Journal of Parasitology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The complete mitochondrial genome of Aspidogaster ijimai (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Aspidogastrea): gene content and phylogenetic inference
D. A. Solodovnik, D. M. Atopkin, A. A. Semenchenko, M. Urabe, S. G. Sokolov
Invertebrate Zoology.2025; 22(3): 411. CrossRef
Differentiating paramphistome species in cattle using DNA barcoding coupled with high-resolution melting analysis (Bar-HRM)
Kittisak Buddhachat, Sirikhwan Sriuan, Sirapat Nak-on, Thapana Chontananarth
Parasitology Research.2023; 122(3): 769. CrossRef
The determination and relationship of four coexisting paramphistomes in perspective of integrative taxonomic investigation
Sirapat Nak-on, Thapana Chontananarth
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2023; 40: 100849. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of Echinostoma revolutum from Red-Crowned Crane (Grus japonensis): Rongkun Ran, Qi Zhao, Asmaa M. I. Abuzeid, Yue Huang, Yunqiu Liu, Yongxiang Sun, Long He, Xiu Li, Jumei Liu, Guoqing Li; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(1):73-79.
Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.73

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Echinostoma revolutum is a zoonotic food-borne intestinal trematode that can cause intestinal bleeding, enteritis, and diarrhea in human and birds. To identify a suspected E. revolutum trematode from a red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) and to reveal the genetic characteristics of its mitochondrial (mt) genome, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and complete mt genome sequence of this trematode were amplified. The results identified the trematode as E. revolutum. Its entire mt genome sequence was 15,714 bp in length, including 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and one non-coding region (NCR), with 61.73% A+T base content and a significant AT preference. The length of the 22 tRNA genes ranged from 59 bp to 70 bp, and their secondary structure showed the typical cloverleaf and D-loop structure. The length of the large subunit of rRNA (rrnL) and the small subunit of rRNA (rrnS) gene was 1,011 bp and 742 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic trees showed that E. revolutum and E. miyagawai clustered together, belonging to Echinostomatidae with Hypoderaeum conoideum. This study may enrich the mitochondrial gene database of Echinostoma trematodes and provide valuable data for studying the molecular identification and phylogeny of some digenean trematodes.

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The Nuclear Ribosomal Transcription Units of Two Echinostomes and Their Taxonomic Implications for the Family Echinostomatidae
Yu Cao, Ye Li, Zhong-Yan Gao, Bo-Tao Jiang
Biology.2025; 14(8): 1101. CrossRef
Phylogeny and morphology of some Palearctic echinostomatid digeneans from rallid bird Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758
Sergei A. Vlasenkov, Mikhail Yu. Shchelkanov, Sergey G. Sokolov
Biologia.2025; 80(11): 3079. CrossRef
The complete mitochondrial genome of Aspidogaster ijimai (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Aspidogastrea): gene content and phylogenetic inference
D. A. Solodovnik, D. M. Atopkin, A. A. Semenchenko, M. Urabe, S. G. Sokolov
Invertebrate Zoology.2025; 22(3): 411. CrossRef
Molecular and morphological support for the synonymy of Nephrostomum and Patagifer: discovery of new species and broad geographic connections
María G. Díaz González, Danimar López-Hernández, Vasyl V. Tkach, Fabiana Drago, Fred D. Chibwana, Martina R. Laidemitt, Christopher A. Blanar, Verónica Núñez, Mariano Dueñas Díaz, Luis A. Gomez-Puerta, Sean A. Locke
International Journal for Parasitology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
First molecular insights into gastrointestinal helminths of domestic birds in the Caspian Sea Littoral of Iran with an emphasis on the One Health concern
Aida Vafae Eslahi, Majid Pirestani, Armin Aligolzadeh, Oskar Nowak, Elham Hajialilo, Pourya Fathollahzadeh, Fahimeh Hajiaghaee, Milad Badri, Luís Manuel Madeira de Carvalho
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2024; 51: 101035. CrossRef
Development and utilization of a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay for rapid detection of Echinostomatidae metacercaria in edible snail samples
Wasin Panich, Phonkawin Jaruboonyakorn, Awika Raksaman, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 418: 110732. CrossRef
A report on the complete mitochondrial genome of the trematode Azygia robusta Odhner, 1911, its new definitive host from the Russian Far East, and unexpected phylogeny of Azygiidae within Digenea, as inferred from mitogenome sequences
D. M. Atopkin, A. A. Semenchenko, D. A. Solodovnik, Y. I. Ivashko
Journal of Helminthology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Fecal DNA metabarcoding reveals the dietary composition of wintering Red-crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis)
Hongyi Liu, Wei Xu, Nan Xu, Wenwen Zhang, Haoming Jiang, Yongqiang Zhao, Changhu Lu, Ying Zhu, Peng Xu
Avian Research.2023; 14: 100145. CrossRef
Mitophylogenomics of the zoonotic fluke Echinostoma malayanum confirms it as a member of the genus Artyfechinostomum Lane, 1915 and illustrates the complexity of Echinostomatidae systematics
Linh Thi Khanh Pham, Weerachai Saijuntha, Scott P. Lawton, Thanh Hoa Le
Parasitology Research.2022; 121(3): 899. CrossRef
Characterization of complete mitochondrial genome and ribosomal operon forCarassotrema koreanumPark, 1938 (Digenea: Haploporidae) by means of next-generation sequencing data
Y.I. Ivashko, A.A. Semenchenko, D.A. Solodovnik, D.M. Atopkin
Journal of Helminthology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Ponto-Caspian parasite Plagioporus cf. skrjabini reaches the River Rhine system in Central Europe: higher infestation in the native than in the introduced Danubian form of the gastropod Theodoxus fluviatilis
Louisa Marie Rothmeier, René Sahm, Burkard Watermann, Karsten Grabow, Meike Koester, Anna Cichy, Andreas Martens
Hydrobiologia.2021; 848(10): 2569. CrossRef
Occurrence of echinostomatoids (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) in Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea): first insights into the DNA barcodes from Lake Victoria, Tanzania
Fred Chibwana, Jestina Katandukila
African Zoology.2021; 56(3): 181. CrossRef
The mitochondrial genome sequence analysis of Ophidascaris baylisi from the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus)
Qi Zhao, Asmaa M.I. Abuzeid, Long He, Tingting Zhuang, Xiu Li, Jumei Liu, Shilan Zhu, Xiaoyu Chen, Guoqing Li
Parasitology International.2021; 85: 102434. CrossRef

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Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of Spirometra ranarum: Comparison with S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Sang-Hwa Lee, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(1):55-60.
Published online February 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.55

Abstract
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This study was undertaken to determine the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence and structure of the mitochondrial genome of Spirometra ranarum, and to compare it with those of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens. The aim of this study was to provide information of the species level taxonomy of Spirometra spp. using the mitochondrial genomes of 3 Spirometra tapeworms. The S. ranarum isolate originated from Myanmar. The mitochondrial genome sequence of S. ranarum was compared with that of S. erinaceieuropaei (GenBank no. KJ599680) and S. decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679). The complete mtDNA sequence of S. ranarum comprised 13,644 bp. The S. ranarum mt genome contained 36 genes comprising 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs. The mt genome lacked the atp8 gene, as found for other cestodes. All genes in the S. ranarum mitochondrial genome are transcribed in the same direction and arranged in the same relative position with respect to gene loci as found for S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens mt genomes. The overall nucleotide sequence divergence of 12 protein-coding genes between S. ranarum and S. decipiens differed by 1.5%, and 100% sequence similarity was found in the cox2 and nad6 genes, while the DNA sequence divergence of the cox1, nad1, and nad4 genes of S. ranarum and S. decipiens was 2.2%, 2.1%, and 2.6%, respectively.

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Molecular identification of sparganum of Spirometra mansoni isolated from the abdominal cavity of a domestic cat in Vietnam
Yen Thi Hoang NGUYEN, Lan Anh Thi NGUYEN, Hieu VAN DONG, Hieu Duc DUONG, Ayako YOSHIDA
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2024; 86(1): 96. CrossRef
Spirometra species from Asia: Genetic diversity and taxonomic challenges
Hiroshi Yamasaki, Oranuch Sanpool, Rutchanee Rodpai, Lakkhana Sadaow, Porntip Laummaunwai, Mesa Un, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Sakhone Laymanivong, Win Pa Pa Aung, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong
Parasitology International.2021; 80: 102181. CrossRef
Insight into One Health Approach: Endoparasite Infections in Captive Wildlife in Bangladesh
Tilak Chandra Nath, Keeseon S. Eom, Seongjun Choe, Shahadat Hm, Saiful Islam, Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Sunmin Kim, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee
Pathogens.2021; 10(2): 250. CrossRef
Mitochondrial Genome of Spirometra theileri Compared with Other Spirometra Species
Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Tilak Chandra Nath, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(2): 139. CrossRef
Low prevalence of spargana infection in farmed frogs in the Yangtze River Delta of China
Xiaoli Zhang, Rongsheng Mi, Yehua Zhang, Shijie Zhang, Tao Sun, Haiyan Jia, Yan Huang, Haiyan Gong, Xiangan Han, Zhaoguo Chen
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2020; 85: 104466. CrossRef

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Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Chagas Disease Vector, Triatoma rubrofasciata: Li Dong, Xiaoling Ma, Mengfei Wang, Dan Zhu, Yuebiao Feng, Yi Zhang, Jingwen Wang; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(5):515-519.
Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.515

Abstract
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Triatoma rubrofasciata is a wide-spread vector of Chagas disease in Americas. In this study, we completed the mitochondrial genome sequencing of T. rubrofasciata. The total length of T. rubrofasciata mitochondrial genome was 17,150 bp with the base composition of 40.4% A, 11.6% G, 29.4% T and 18.6% C. It included 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and one control region. We constructed a phylogenetic tree on the 13 protein-coding genes of T. rubrofasciata and other 13 closely related species to show their phylogenic relationship. The determination of T. rubrofasciata mitogenome would play an important role in understanding the genetic diversity and evolution of triatomine bugs.

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The mitogenome of Triatoma brasiliensis brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), the main Chagas disease vector in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil
Carlos E. Almeida, Lifeng Du, Jingwen Wang, Dayane Pires-Silva, Elaine Folly-Ramos, Myrian Harry, Cleber Galvão
Parasites & Vectors.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Accidental importation of the vector of Chagas disease, Triatoma rubrofasciata (De Geer, 1773) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae), in Europe
Francisco Collantes, Juan Francisco Campos-Serrano, Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
Journal of Vector Ecology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Variation in the Mitochondrial Genome of the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Cintia Judith Fernández, Beatriz Alicia García
Neotropical Entomology.2022; 51(3): 483. CrossRef
The Complete Nucleotide Sequence and Gene Organization of the Mitochondrial Genome of Triatoma boliviana (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) and Phylogenetic Comparisons
Sebastián Pita, Pablo Mora, Mirko Rojas-Cortez, Teresa Palomeque, Pedro Lorite, Francisco Panzera
Arthropoda.2022; 1(1): 3. CrossRef
Modelling the climatic suitability of Chagas disease vectors on a global scale
Fanny E Eberhard, Sarah Cunze, Judith Kochmann, Sven Klimpel
eLife.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Phylogeny of the North-Central American clade of blood-sucking reduviid bugs of the tribe Triatomini (Hemiptera: Triatominae) based on the mitochondrial genome
Magali Aguilera-Uribe, Rubi Nelsi Meza-Lázaro, Troy J. Kieran, Carlos N. Ibarra-Cerdeña, Alejandro Zaldívar-Riverón
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2020; 84: 104373. CrossRef
Mitochondrial genomes of three kissing bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae) and their phylogenetic implications
Yisheng Zhao, Manjie Jiang, Yunfei Wu, Fan Song, Wanzhi Cai, Hu Li
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2019; 134: 36. CrossRef
Mitogenome analysis of Indian isolate of Rhipicephalus microplus clade A sensu ( ): A first report from Maritime South-East Asia
Arun Kumar De, Ramachandran Muthiyan, Perumal Ponraj, K. Muniswamy, Jai Sunder, A. Kundu, D. Karunakaran, Zachariah George, M.S. Kundu, S.K. Zamir Ahmed, Dhruba Malakar, D. Bhattacharya
Mitochondrion.2019; 49: 135. CrossRef
Biological attributes of the kissing bug Triatoma rubrofasciata from Vietnam
Ho Viet Hieu, Le Thanh Do, Sebastián Pita, Hoang Ha, Pham Thi Khoa, Pham Anh Tuan, Ta Phuong Mai, Ngo Giang Lien, Francisco Panzera
Parasites & Vectors.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Tongue Worm Armillifer agkistrodontis: Jian Li, Fu-Nan He, Hong-Xiang Zheng, Rui-Xiang Zhang, Yi-Jing Ren, Wei Hu; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(6):813-817.
Published online December 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.6.813

Armillifer agkistrodontis (Ichthyostraca: Pantastomida) is a parasitic pathogen, only reported in China, which can cause a zoonotic disease, pentastomiasis. A complete mitochondrial (mt) genome was 16,521 bp comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 non-coding region (NCR). A phylogenetic tree drawn with the concatenated amino acid sequences of the 6 conserved PCGs (atp6, cox1-3, and nad2) showed that A. agkistrodontis and Armillifer armillatus constituted a clade Pentastomida which was a sister group of the Branchiura. The complete mt genome sequence of A. agkistrodontis provides important genetic markers for both phylogenetic and epidemiological studies of pentastomids.

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New information on adults pentastomids (Crustacea: Pentastomida) found in ophidians from Argentina: Insights from 28S rDNA and COI mtDNA
Martin Miguel Montes, Exequiel Oscar Furlan, Jorge Adrian Barneche, Clara Vercellini, Tomas Acuña Gonzalez, Marina Ibañez Shimabukuro, Vanesa Arzamendia
Systematic Parasitology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
First complete mitochondrial genome of Armillifer moniliformis (Pentastomida: Porocephalida) isolated from a human case in Northern Thailand: comparative and phylogenetic analyses
Thanapat Pataradool, Padet Siriyasatien, Woraporn Sukhumavasi, Saruda Tiwananthagorn, Chusana Suankratay, Kanok Preativatanyou
Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Linguatula serrata in an imported dog in Germany: Single-case or emerging disease?
Maxi Berberich, Thomas Grochow, Nadine Roßner, Ronald Schmäschke, Zaida Rentería-Solís
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2022; 30: 100717. CrossRef
The complete mitochondrial genome of the pentastomid Linguatula arctica (Pentastomida) from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Northern Norway
José Horacio Grau, Jason A. Dunlop, Martin Meixner, Dennis Tappe, Bjørn Gjerde
Mitochondrial DNA Part B.2020; 5(3): 3438. CrossRef
Detection of a Larva of Armillifer armillatus in a Potto (Perodicticus potto) from the Republic of the Congo
Thomas Lemarcis, Cédric Benjamin Chesnais, Sébastien David Serge Pion, Michel Boussinesq, Sabrina Locatelli
Journal of Parasitology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The complete mitochondrial genome of Linguatula serrata (tongue worm) isolated from a dog and phylogenetic analysis
Tanian Naude, Sameer Pant, Mousa Tavassoli, Subir Sarker, Seyed Ali Ghorashi
Mitochondrial DNA Part B.2018; 3(1): 357. CrossRef
The complete mitochondrial genome of the pentastomid Armillifer grandis (Pentastomida) from the Democratic Republic of Congo
José Horacio Grau, Jason A. Dunlop, Martin Meixner, Dennis Tappe
Mitochondrial DNA Part B.2017; 2(1): 287. CrossRef
Current Understanding of Ecdysozoa and its Internal Phylogenetic Relationships
Gonzalo Giribet, Gregory D. Edgecombe
Integrative and Comparative Biology.2017; 57(3): 455. CrossRef

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Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial Genome of Toxascaris leonina from a South China Tiger: Kangxin Li, Fang Yang, A. Y. Abdullahi, Meiran Song, Xianli Shi, Minwei Wang, Yeqi Fu, Weida Pan, Fang Shan, Wu Chen, Guoqing Li; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(6):803-807.
Published online December 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.6.803

Abstract
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Toxascaris leonina is a common parasitic nematode of wild mammals and has significant impacts on the protection of rare wild animals. To analyze population genetic characteristics of T. leonina from South China tiger, its mitochondrial (mt) genome was sequenced. Its complete circular mt genome was 14,277 bp in length, including 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 non-coding regions. The nucleotide composition was biased toward A and T. The most common start codon and stop codon were TTG and TAG, and 4 genes ended with an incomplete stop codon. There were 13 intergenic regions ranging 1 to 10 bp in size. Phylogenetically, T. leonina from a South China tiger was close to canine T. leonina. This study reports for the first time a complete mt genome sequence of T. leonina from the South China tiger, and provides a scientific basis for studying the genetic diversity of nematodes between different hosts.

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Hymenolepis nana antigens alleviate ulcerative colitis by promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation via AhR/IL-22 signaling pathway
Xuanyin Cui, Yi Cheng, Hongyan Wang, Xiaomao Li, Jinfu Li, Ke Zhang, Rong Mou, Fernando Lopes
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(12): e0012714. CrossRef
The mitochondrial genome sequence analysis of Ophidascaris baylisi from the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus)
Qi Zhao, Asmaa M.I. Abuzeid, Long He, Tingting Zhuang, Xiu Li, Jumei Liu, Shilan Zhu, Xiaoyu Chen, Guoqing Li
Parasitology International.2021; 85: 102434. CrossRef
Ascarid infection in wild Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in China
Zhi-wei Peng, Yao Ning, Dan Liu, Ying Sun, Li-xin Wang, Qi-an Zhai, Zhi-jun Hou, Hong-liang Chai, Guang-shun Jiang
BMC Veterinary Research.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular characterization of ascaridoid parasites from captive wild carnivores in China using ribosomal and mitochondrial sequences
Yue Xie, Yingxin Li, Xiaobin Gu, Yunjian Liu, Xuan Zhou, Lu Wang, Ran He, Xuerong Peng, Guangyou Yang
Parasites & Vectors.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Wildlife forensics: A boon for species identification and conservation implications
Sushanto Gouda, Rout George Kerry, Angshuman Das, Netrapal Singh Chauhan
Forensic Science International.2020; 317: 110530. CrossRef
Comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA datasets indicates that Toxascaris leonina represents a species complex
Yuan-Chun Jin, Xiang-Yong Li, Jin-Hui Liu, Xing-Quan Zhu, Guo-Hua Liu
Parasites & Vectors.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Anoplocephala magna Solidifying the Species: Aijiang Guo; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):369-373.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.369

Abstract
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The 2 species of the genus Anoplocephala (Anoplocephalidae), A. perfoliata and A. magna, are among the most important equine cestode parasites. However, there is little information about their differences at the molecular level. The present study revealed that the mitochondrial (mt) genome of A. magna was 13,759 bp in size and 700 bp shorter than that of A. perfoliata. The 2 species includes 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA, and 12 protein-coding genes each. The size of each of the 36 genes was the same as that of A. perfoliata, except for cox1, rrnL, trnC, trnS2(UCN), trnG, trnH, trnQ, and trnP. In the full mitochondrial genome, the sequence similarity was 87.1%. The divergence in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of individual protein-coding genes ranged from 11.1% to 16% and 6.8% to 16.4%, respectively. The 2 noncoding regions of the mt genome of A. magna were 199 bp and 271 bp in length, while the equivalent regions in A. perfoliata were 875 bp and 276 bp, respectively. The results of this study support the proposal that A. magna and A. perfoliata are separate species, consistent with previous morphological analyses.

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Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Ostertagia trifurcata of Small Ruminants and its Phylogenetic Associations for the Trichostrongyloidea Superfamily
Awais Ali Ahmad, Xin Yang, Ting Zhang, Chunqun Wang, Caixian Zhou, Xingrun Yan, Mubashar Hassan, Muhammad Ikram, Min Hu
Genes.2019; 10(2): 107. CrossRef
Morphological and genetic characterizations of Avitellina tapeworms from domestic ruminants in Senegal: An evidence of specificity among sheep and cattle host
Mallé Ndom, Gora Diop, Tetsuya Yanagida, Yann Quilichini, Alioune Dieye, Bernard Marchand, Minoru Nakao, Akira Ito, Tidiane B.A. Cheikh
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2019; 18: 100337. CrossRef
Moniezia benedeni and Moniezia expansa are distinct cestode species based on complete mitochondrial genomes
Aijiang Guo
Acta Tropica.2017; 166: 287. CrossRef
The complete mitochondrial genome of the tapeworm Cladotaenia vulturi (Cestoda: Paruterinidae): gene arrangement and phylogenetic relationships with other cestodes
Aijiang Guo
Parasites & Vectors.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the cloacal tapeworm Cloacotaenia megalops (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae)
Aijiang Guo
Parasites & Vectors.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Mitochondrial Genome Sequences of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens (Cestoidea: Diphyllobothriidae): Keeseon S. Eom, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Kyu-Heon Kim, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):455-463.
Published online August 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.455

Abstract
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The present study was performed to compare the mitochondrial genomes between 2 Spirometra tapeworms, Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and Spirometra decipiens (Cestoidea: Diphyllobothriidae), which larval stages are important etiological agents of sparganosis in humans. For each species, the full mitochondrial genome was amplified in 8 overlapping fragments using total genomic DNA purified from a single worm as the template. The mitochondrial genomes were 13,643 bp (S. erinaceieuropaei) and 13,641 bp (S. decipiens) in length and contained 36 genes; 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA, small and large subunits), and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). The 12 protein-coding genes constituted 10,083 bp (S. erinaceieuropaei) and 10,086 bp (S. decipiens) of their respective mitochondrial genomes. The tRNA genes, ranging in length from 56 to 70 bp, were identified based on putative secondary structures such as the typical cloverleaf shape. A total of 23 intergenic sequences, varying from 1 to 204 bp in size, were interspersed in S. erinaceieuropaei (total, 504 bp) and S. decipiens (total, 496 bp) mtDNA. The 12 protein-coding genes of S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens differed by 12.4%, whereas the overall difference in mtDNA sequence between S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens was 12.9%. Thus, from the standpoint of the mitochondrial genome, S. decipiens represents a valid species that can be distinguished from S. erinaceieuropaei.

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Brief Communication

Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of an Indian Plasmodium falciparum Field Isolate: Suchi Tyagi, Veena Pande, Aparup Das; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):99-103.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.99

Abstract
PDF

Mitochondrial genome sequence of malaria parasites has served as a potential marker for inferring evolutionary history of the Plasmodium genus. In Plasmodium falciparum, the mitochondrial genome sequences from around the globe have provided important evolutionary understanding, but no Indian sequence has yet been utilized. We have sequenced the whole mitochondrial genome of a single P. falciparum field isolate from India using novel primers and compared with the 3D7 reference sequence and 1 previously reported Indian sequence. While the 2 Indian sequences were highly divergent from each other, the presently sequenced isolate was highly similar to the reference 3D7 strain.

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Original Article

Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Haplorchis taichui and Comparative Analysis with Other Trematodes: Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):719-726.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.719

Abstract
PDF

Mitochondrial genomes have been extensively studied for phylogenetic purposes and to investigate intra- and interspecific genetic variations. In recent years, numerous groups have undertaken sequencing of platyhelminth mitochondrial genomes. Haplorchis taichui (family Heterophyidae) is a trematode that infects humans and animals mainly in Asia, including the Mekong River basin. We sequenced and determined the organization of the complete mitochondrial genome of H. taichui. The mitochondrial genome is 15,130 bp long, containing 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs, a small and a large subunit), and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Like other trematodes, it does not encode the atp8 gene. All genes are transcribed from the same strand. The ATG initiation codon is used for 9 protein-coding genes, and GTG for the remaining 3 (nad1, nad4, and nad5). The mitochondrial genome of H. taichui has a single long non-coding region between trnE and trnG. H. taichui has evolved as being more closely related to Opisthorchiidae than other trematode groups with maximal support in the phylogenetic analysis. Our results could provide a resource for the comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of trematodes, and may yield genetic markers for molecular epidemiological investigations into intestinal flukes.

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Articles from Symposium on Asian Taenia (October 2011, Osong, Korea)

Molecular Approaches to Taenia asiatica: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):1-8.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.1

Abstract
PDF

Taenia solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica are taeniid tapeworms that cause taeniasis in humans and cysticercosis in intermediate host animals. Taeniases remain an important public health concerns in the world. Molecular diagnostic methods using PCR assays have been developed for rapid and accurate detection of human infecting taeniid tapeworms, including the use of sequence-specific DNA probes, PCR-RFLP, and multiplex PCR. More recently, DNA diagnosis using PCR based on histopathological specimens such as 10% formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and stained sections mounted on slides has been applied to cestode infections. The mitochondrial gene sequence is believed to be a very useful molecular marker for not only studying evolutionary relationships among distantly related taxa, but also for investigating the phylo-biogeography of closely related species. The complete sequence of the human Taenia tapeworms mitochondrial genomes were determined, and its organization and structure were compared to other human-tropic Taenia tapeworms for which complete mitochondrial sequence data were available. The multiplex PCR assay with the Ta4978F, Ts5058F, Tso7421F, and Rev7915 primers will be useful for differential diagnosis, molecular characterization, and epidemiological surveys of human Taenia tapeworms.

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Philip A. Collender, Amy E. Kirby, David G. Addiss, Matthew C. Freeman, Justin V. Remais
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Tongjit Thanchomnang, Chairat Tantrawatpan, Pewpan M. Intapan, Oranuch Sanpool, Penchom Janwan, Viraphong Lulitanond, Somjintana Tourtip, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Wanchai Maleewong, Emmanuel Dias-Neto
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Original Article

Codon usage and bias in mitochondrial genomes of parasitic platyhelminthes: Thanh Hoa Le, Donald Peter McManus, David Blair; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(4):159-167.
Published online December 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.4.159

Abstract
PDF

Sequences of the complete protein-coding portions of the mitochondrial (mt) genome were analysed for 6 species of cestodes (including hydatid tapeworms and the pork tapeworm) and 5 species of trematodes (blood flukes and liver- and lung-flukes). A near-complete sequence was also available for an additional trematode (the blood flukeSchistosoma malayensis). All of these parasites belong to a large flatworm taxon named the Neodermata. Considerable variation was found in the base composition of the protein-coding genes among these neodermatans. This variation was reflected in statistically-significant differences in numbers of each inferred amino acid between many pairs of species. Both convergence and divergence in nucleotide, and hence amino acid, composition was noted among groups within the Neodermata. Considerable variation in skew (unequal representation of complementary bases on the same strand) was found among the species studied. A pattern is thus emerging of diversity in the mt genome in neodermatans that may cast light on evolution of mt genomes generally.

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Signatures of Endosymbiosis in Mitochondrial Genomes of Rhabdocoel Flatworms
M. Monnens, T. Artois, A. Briscoe, Y. L. Diez, K. P. P. Fraser, B. S. Leander, D. T. J. Littlewood, M. J. Santos, K. Smeets, N. W. L. Van Steenkiste, M. P. M. Vanhove
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