Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"ultrastructure"

Brief Communication

Lophomonas blattarum-like organism in bronchoalveolar lavage from a pneumonia patient: current diagnostic scheme and polymerase chain reaction can lead to false-positive results: Moses Lee, Sang Mee Hwang, Jong Sun Park, Jae Hyeon Park, Jeong Su Park; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(2):202-209.
Published online May 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22107

Abstract
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Lophomonas blattarum is an anaerobic protozoan living in the intestine of cockroaches and house dust mites, with ultramicroscopic characteristics such as the presence of a parabasal body, axial filament, and absence of mitochondria. More than 200 cases of Lophomonas infection of the respiratory tract have been reported worldwide. However, the current diagnosis of such infection depends only on light microscopic morphological findings from respiratory secretions. In this study, we attempted to provide more robust evidence of protozoal infection in an immunocompromised patient with atypical pneumonia, positive for Lophomonas-like protozoal cell forms. A direct search of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and metagenomic next-generation sequencing did not prove the presence of protozoal infection. PCR results were not validated with sufficient rigor, while de novo assembly and taxonomic classification results did not confirm the presence of an unidentified pathogen. The TEM results implied that such protozoal forms in light microscopy are actually non-detached ciliated epithelial cells. After ruling out infectious causes, the patient’s final diagnosis was drug-induced pneumonitis. These findings underscore the lack of validation in the previously utilized diagnostic methods, and more evidence in the presence of L. blattarum is required to further prove its pathogenicity.

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Pulmonary infection by Lophomonas spp. and Aspergillus spp. in a B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia patient from Chile
Isabel Iturrieta-González, Enzo Moenen-Locoz, Alejandro Hidalgo, Fernando Vega, Johanna Cabrera, Carla Concha, Carolina Chahin, Javier Briones, Flery Fonseca-Salamanca
Parasitology International.2025; 104: 102971. CrossRef
A Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) como estratégia de diagnóstico e monitoramento nas protozooses: uma revisão integrativa
Luiza Valente Breda Libardi, Juliana Gouveia da Silva, Danieli Perini Alvares, Clara Fagundes Marely, Bruno Serafini Venturini, Guilherme Frinhani Bernardineli, Filipe Salume Lima Nogueira, Adelson Luiz Ferreira, Rodrigo Moraes, Priscila Pinto e Silva do
Clinics Biopsychosocial.2025; 3(1): 58. CrossRef
First Report of the Pulmonary Parasite Lophomonas blattarum in Ahvaz Province, Khuzestan: Case Report and Literature Review
Mojtaba Aghaei, Hanieh Raji, Seyed Sobhan Bahreiny, Mohammad Amin Vahid, Najmaldin Saki
Advanced Biomedical Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The diagnostic ambiguity for Polymerase Chain Reaction in the detection of Lophomonas blattarum
Canan Doğu Tok, Funda Dogruman Al
Middle Black Sea Journal of Health Science.2025; 11(4): 356. CrossRef
First Molecular Evidence of Emerging Lophomonas Pathogen Among Patients Suspected of Having Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran
Hossein Veisi, Abdollah Malakian, Mahdi Fakhar, Ali Sharifpour, Maryam Nakhaei, Mostafa Soleymani, Seyed Reza Mosave, Nader Ahangar, Seyed Hosien Seyedpour
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 1041. CrossRef
Imaging patterns of Lophomonas blattarum infection in the respiratory tract: a registry-based analysis
Amirmasoud Taheri, Mahdi Fakhar, Ali Sharifpour, Elhamsadat Banimostafavi, Sepideh SafaNavaei, Siavash Abedi, Hossein Mehravaran, Masoud Aliyali, Ahmad Shafahi, Asieh Delpzir
BMC Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Case series of complicated bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis. Differential diagnosis of tuberculosis?
Cristian Morán-Mariños, Juan Salas López, Felix Llanos-Tejada, Renato Casanova-Mendoza, Renzo Villanueva-Villegas, Antonella Chavez-Huamani, Kenneth G. Vargas-Ponce, Margaret Condori-Zevallos
European Clinical Respiratory Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Infliximab

Reactions Weekly.2023; 1969(1): 197. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Detection and Identification of Sarcocystis cruzi (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) by Molecular and Ultrastructural Studies in Naturally Infected Korean Cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) from Daejeon, Korea: Tong-Il Choi, Eui-Ju Hong, Si-Yun Ryu, Cheolho Sim, Joon-Seok Chae, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Jinho Park, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Do-Hyeon Yu, Jae-Gyu Yoo, Bae-Keun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(2):121-127.
Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.121

Abstract
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To survey the prevalence of Sarcocystis infections, 210 heart samples were collected from Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) at an abattoir in Daejeon Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea. Sarcocysts were detected form 31 specimens (14.8%) and identified as Sarcocystis cruzi via transmission electron microscopy. The wall of S. cruzi has flattened protrusions that did not contain fibrils or microfilaments. The protrusions arose irregularly from the base, contained a fine granular substance, lacked internal microfilaments, and measured approximately 0.21-1.25 μm in length and 0.05-0.07 μm in width. Sequence analysis revealed 99.5% homology to S. cruzi. This is the first report on the prevalence of S. cruzi in native cattle from the Republic of Korea.

Citations

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Sarcocystis species: molecular identification and seroprevalence in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Nagwa I. Toaleb, Raafat M. Shaapan, Haitham Elaadli, Kadria N. Abdel Megeed, Dina Aboelsoued
BMC Veterinary Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Infection survey, molecular, pathogenicity, and morphological characteristics of Sarcocystis species naturally infected water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Egypt
Lamiaa K. Elsharkawy, Safaa M. Barghash, Basma M. Abou El-Nour, Wafaa Labib, Al-Shaimaa M. Sadek
BMC Veterinary Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Identification, Pathogenesis, and Life Cycle of Sarcocystis cruzi from Cattle (Bos taurus) in New Valley Governorate, Egypt
Mohammed B. M. El-Mahdi, Soheir A. Rabie, Reda M. El-S. Hassanine, Amal A. Hassan, Obaida F. Abo Elhussien, Mamdooh Ghoneum, Mohamed S. A. El-Gerbed, Eric Agola Lelo
Journal of Parasitology Research.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
Molecular Epidemiology, Species Distribution, and Zoonotic Importance of the Neglected Meat-Borne Pathogen Sarcocystis spp. in Cattle (Bos taurus): A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Morteza Shams, Laya Shamsi, Ali Asghari, Mohammad Hossein Motazedian, Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin, Mostafa Omidian, Naser Nazari, Alireza Sadrebazzaz
Acta Parasitologica.2022; 67(3): 1055. CrossRef
Infection survey and morphological characteristics of Sarcocystis spp. in naturally infected Tibetan sheep from Qinghai in northwestern China
Yali Sun, Jinling Ju, Xiaoxue Su, Caiying Xie, Ying Li, Ming Kang
Parasitology International.2021; 80: 102219. CrossRef
Meat-borne parasites in the Arab world: a review in a One Health perspective
Sameh Abuseir
Parasitology Research.2021; 120(12): 4153. CrossRef
Opportunistic parasitic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A review
D. A. Laksemi, L. T. Suwanti, M. Mufasirin, K. Suastika, M. Sudarmaja
Veterinary World.2020; 13(4): 716. CrossRef
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae) from Striped Field Mice, Apodemus agrarius, in Korea
Hyeon Cheol Kim, Eui Ju Hong, Si Yun Ryu, Jinho Park, Jeong Gon Cho, Do Hyeon Yu, Joon Seok Chae, Kyoung Seong Choi, Bae Keun Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 403. CrossRef
Prevalence and molecular analysis of Sarcocystis infections in cattle in Northwest Iran and the first global report of S. gigantea in cattle
Nazila Sarafraz, Adel Spotin, Ali Haniloo, Asghar Fazaeli
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2020; 73: 101566. CrossRef
Molecular identification of four Sarcocystis species in cattle from Lithuania, including S. hominis, and development of a rapid molecular detection method
Petras Prakas, Živilė Strazdaitė-Žielienė, Vytautas Januškevičius, Francesco Chiesa, Agnė Baranauskaitė, Eglė Rudaitytė-Lukošienė, Elena Servienė, Saulius Petkevičius, Dalius Butkauskas
Parasites & Vectors.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Ultrastructural and Molecular Identification of the sarcocysts of Sarcocystis tenella and Sarcocystis arieticanis Infecting Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries) from Egypt
Ahmed El-Morsey, Walied Abdo, Khaled Sultan, Nagwa M. Elhawary, Attia Abdallah AbouZaid
Acta Parasitologica.2019; 64(3): 501. CrossRef
Sarcocystis spp. in Romanian Slaughtered Cattle: Molecular Characterization and Epidemiological Significance of the Findings
Kálmán Imre, Gheorghe Dărăbuș, Emil Tîrziu, Sorin Morariu, Mirela Imre, Judit Plutzer, Marius V. Boldea, Adriana Morar
BioMed Research International.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef

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Effect of Diclazuril on the Bursa of Fabricius Morphology and SIgA Expression in Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella: Bian-hua Zhou, Li-li Liu, Jeffrey Liu, Fu-wei Yuan, Er-jie Tian, Hong-wei Wang; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):675-682.
Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.675

Abstract
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The effects of diclazuril on the bursa of Fabricius (BF) structure and secretory IgA (SIgA) expression in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella were examined. The morphology of the BF was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, while ultrastructural changes were monitored by transmission electron microscopy. E. tenella infection caused the BF cell volumes to decrease, irregularly arranged, as well as, enlargement of the intercellular space. Diclazuril treatment alleviated the physical signs of damages associated with E. tenella infection. The SIgA expression in BF was analyzed by immunohistochemistry technique. The SIgA expression increased significantly by 350.4% (P<0.01) after E. tenella infection compared to the normal control group. With the treatment of diclazuril, the SIgA was relatively fewer in the cortex, and the expression level was significantly decreased by 46.7% (P<0.01) compared with the infected and untreated group. In conclusion, E. tenella infection in chickens induced obvious harmful changes in BF morphological structure and stimulated the expression of SIgA in the BF. Diclazuril treatment effectively alleviated the morphological changes. This result demonstrates a method to develop an immunological strategy in coccidiosis control.

Citations

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Experimental Eimeria tenella infection of chickens followed by very virulent infectious bursal disease viral challenge: clinical and pathological effects
Nahed A. El-Shall, Mahmoud E. Sedeik, Heba M. Ismail, Ashraf M. Awad
Avian Pathology.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Identification of differentially expressed genes and metabolism signaling pathway in the spleen of broilers supplemented with probiotic Bacillus spp.
Anh Duc Truong, Ha Thi Thanh Tran, Huyen Thi Nguyen, Nhu Thi Chu, Lanh Phan, Hoai Thi Phan, Ngoc Thi Pham, Van Hai Nguyen, Lan Huong Nguyen, Dang Kim Pham, Phu- Ha Ho, Hoang Vu Dang
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology.2024; 272: 110755. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of diclazuril nanoemulsion in control of Eimeria tenella in broilers
Azza A. El-Sawah, Shawky M. Aboelhadid, El-Shymaa N. El-Nahass, Hassan E. Helal
BMC Veterinary Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Diclazuril-induced expression of CDK-related kinase 2 in the second-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella
Bian-hua Zhou, Hai-yan Ding, Jing-yun Yang, Jun Chai, Hong-wei Guo, Er-jie Tian
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology.2023; 255: 111575. CrossRef
Ameliorative effect of yeast cell walls on broiler chickens' performance and gut health under coccidiosis challenge
Shawkat Abdulrazaq M'Sadeq
Czech Journal of Animal Science.2023; 68(8): 346. CrossRef
In Vivo Recovery of Bacteriophages and Their Effects on Clostridium perfringens-Infected Broiler Chickens
Hyun-Gwan Lee, Yoo-Bhin Kim, Sang-Hyeok Lee, Jun-Ok Moon, Jong-Pyo Chae, Yu-Jin Kim, Kyung-Woo Lee
Veterinary Sciences.2022; 9(3): 119. CrossRef
EFFECTS OF ZN2+- AND CR3+-MODIFIED PALYGORSKITE ON THE TREATMENT OF EIMERIA TENELLA
D.W. Yao, F.M. Khand, Y Xu, Q.Q. Shen, Y Wang, D.J. Yang
The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences.2022; 32(2): 397. CrossRef
Prolonging and enhancing the protective efficacy of the EtMIC3-C-MAR against eimeria tenella through delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium
Ningning Zhao, Junfeng Lv, Yaru Lu, Yingying Jiang, Hongmei Li, Yumin Liu, Xiao Zhang, Xiaomin Zhao
Veterinary Parasitology.2020; 279: 109061. CrossRef
Efficacy of probiotic Enterococcus faecium in combination with diclazuril against coccidiosis in experimentally infected broilers
A. A. El‐Sawah, S. M. Aboelhadid, E. N. El‐Nahass, H. E. Helal, A. M. Korany, S. El‐Ashram
Journal of Applied Microbiology.2020; 129(4): 1020. CrossRef
Dual-sensitive chitosan derivative micelles for site-specific drug release in the treatment of chicken coccidiosis
Xin Zhang, Gujun Xu, Khalid Gadora, Hao Cheng, Jin Peng, Yong Ma, Yang Guo, Cheng Chi, Jianping Zhou, Yang Ding
RSC Advances.2018; 8(26): 14515. CrossRef
Combination of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides influences growth performance, gut morphology, digestive enzymes, serum biochemical indices and immune functions in broiler chickens
Ali Daneshmand, Hassan Kermanshahi, Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran, Annie J. King, Salam A. Ibrahim, Kirk C. Klasing
Animal Feed Science and Technology.2017; 228: 186. CrossRef
Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Necrotic Enteritis-infected Fayoumi Chickens using RNA Sequencing
Anh Duc Truong, Yeojin Hong, Jihye Ban, Boyeong Park, Thanh C. Hoang, Yeong H. Hong, Hyun S. Lillehoj
The Journal of Poultry Science.2017; 54(2): 121. CrossRef
Effect of purine nucleosides on growth performance, gut morphology, digestive enzymes, serum profile and immune response in broiler chickens
A. Daneshmand, Hassan Kermanshahi, M. Danesh Mesgaran, A. J. King, S. A. Ibrahim
British Poultry Science.2017; 58(5): 536. CrossRef
Effects of pyrimidine nucleosides on growth performance, gut morphology, digestive enzymes, serum biochemical indices and immune response in broiler chickens
A. Daneshmand, H. Kermanshahi, M. Danesh Mesgaran, A.J. King, S.A. Ibrahim
Livestock Science.2017; 204: 1. CrossRef

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Curcumin Prevents Bile Canalicular Alterations in the Liver of Hamsters Infected with Opisthorchis viverrini: Prapaporn Jattujan, Somchai Pinlaor, Lakhanawan Charoensuk, Channarong Arunyanart, Jariya Umka Welbat, Wunnee Chaijaroonkhanarak; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):695-701.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.695

Abstract
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Opisthorchis viverrini infection causes inflammation and liver injury leading to periductal fibrosis. Little is known about the pathological alterations in bile canaliculi in opisthorchiasis. This study aimed to investigate bile canalicular alterations in O. viverrini-infected hamsters and to examine the chemopreventive effects of curcumin on such changes. Hamsters were infected with O. viverrini and one group of animals was fed with 1% dietary curcumin supplement. Animals were examined during the acute infection phase, days 21 and 30 post-infection (PI) and chronic infection phase (day 90 PI). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that in the infected group fed with a normal diet, bile canaliculi became slightly tortuous by 30 day PI and more tortuous at day 90 PI. Transmission electron microscopy showed a reduction in microvilli density of canaliculi starting at day 30 PI, with a marked loss of microvilli at day 90 PI. These ultrastructral changes were slightly seen at day 21 PI, which was similar to that found in infected animals fed with 1% curcumin-supplemented diet. Notably, curcumin treatment prevented the reduction of microvilli density, reduced the dilation of bile canaliculi, and decreased the tortuosity of the bile canaliculi relative to non-infected animals on a normal diet at days 30 and 90 PI. These results suggest that curcumin reduces alteration of bile canaliculi and may be a promising agent to prevent the onset of bile duct abnormalities induced by O. viverrini infection.

Citations

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Components from Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Against Hepatobiliary Diseases Based on Gut–Liver Axis: Pharmacotherapeutic Properties and Potential Clinical Applications
Tianhui Gao, Shuyi Wang, Zongping Zhu, Liting Lin, Yirong Luo, Meigui Lu, Wan Liao
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine.2024; 52(02): 387. CrossRef
Dietary Polyphenols Alleviate Autoimmune Liver Disease by Mediating the Intestinal Microenvironment: Challenges and Hopes
Zhen Cheng, Yuehua Wang, Bin Li
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2022; 70(35): 10708. CrossRef
Generation of oxidative stress and induction of apoptotic like events in curcumin and thymoquinone treated adult Fasciola gigantica worms
Abdur Rehman, Rizwan Ullah, Divya Gupta, M.A. Hannan Khan, Lubna Rehman, Mirza Ahmar Beg, Asad U. Khan, S.M.A. Abidi
Experimental Parasitology.2020; 209: 107810. CrossRef
Nanoencapsulated curcumin and praziquantel treatment reduces periductal fibrosis and attenuates bile canalicular abnormalities in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters
Lakhanawan Charoensuk, Porntip Pinlaor, Supason Wanichwecharungruang, Kitti Intuyod, Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn, Apisit Chaidee, Puangrat Yongvanit, Chawalit Pairojkul, Natthakitta Suwannateep, Somchai Pinlaor
Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine.2016; 12(1): 21. CrossRef
Bile canalicular changes and defective bile secretion in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters
Lakhanawan Charoensuk, Porntip Pinlaor, Umawadee Laothong, Puangrat Yongvanit, Chawalit Pairojkul, Yukifumi Nawa, Somchai Pinlaor
Folia Parasitologica.2014; 61(6): 512. CrossRef

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Ultrastructure of Spermatogenesis in the Testis of Paragonimus heterotremus: Nongnut Uabundit, Pipatphong Kanla, Phongphithak Puthiwat, Channarong Arunyanart, Kowit Chaiciwamongkol, Wanchai Maleewong, Pewpan M. Intapan, Sitthichai Iamsaard, Wiphawi Hipkaeo; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):669-676.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.669

Abstract
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Lung fluke, Paragonimus heterotremus, is a flatworm causing pulmonary paragonimiasis in cats, dogs, and humans in Southeast Asia. We examined the ultrastructure of the testis of adult P. heterotremus with special attention to spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The full sequence of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, from the capsular basal lamina to the luminal surface, was demonstrated. The sequence comprises spermatogonia, spermatocytes with obvious nuclear synaptonemal complexes, spermatids, and eventual spermatozoa. Moreover, full steps of spermatid differentiation were shown which consisted of 1) early stage, 2) differentiation stage representing the flagella, intercentriolar body, basal body, striated rootlets, and electron dense nucleus of thread-like lamellar configuration, and 3) growing spermatid flagella. Detailed ultrastructure of 2 different types of spermatozoa was also shown in this study.

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Molecular identification of the trematode P. ichunensis stat. n. from lungs of siberian tigers justified reappraisal of Paragonimus westermani species complex
Anastasia N. Voronova, Konstantin S. Vainutis, Tatiana V. Tabakaeva, Mikhail V. Sapotsky, Nadezhda N. Kakareka, Yury G. Volkov, Irina V. Galkina, Mikhail Yu. Shchelkanov
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2022; 46(3): 744. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Cercaria caribbea LVIII Cable, 1963 (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) in the Republic of Korea and Its Surface Ultrastructure: Eun-Taek Han, Jeong-Hyun Park, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):177-180.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.177

Abstract
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Cercaria caribbea LVIII Cable, 1963 (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) was detected from a brackish water gastropod species (Cerithideopsilla cingulata) in a coatal area of Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do (Province), the Republic of Korea, and its surface ultrastructure was studied using a scanning electron microscope. The cercariae were found freely swimming or enveloped within daughter sporocysts when the snail host was mechanically broken. They were morphologically characterized by a linguiform and ventrally concave body, a long and bifurcated tail, and the presence of a holdfast (=tribocytic) organ posterior to the ventral sucker. On the whole ventral and dorsal surfaces, peg-like tegumental spines were densely distributed. Around the oral sucker, several sensory papillae, each with a short cilium, were distributed, and on the tail, sensory papillae, each with an extensively long cilium, were observed. This is the first record describing a cyathocotylid cercaria from a brackish water gastropod in the Republic of Korea.

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A preliminary study on some larval trematodes parasites of marine snail Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin, 1791) in Al- faw Bay, South of Iraq

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB).2020; : 464. CrossRef

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Original Article

Ultrastructural Changes in Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts by Gamma Irradiation: Migyo Joung, Sejeong Yun, Mijoung Joung, Woo-Yoon Park, Jae-Ran Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(1):25-31.
Published online March 18, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.25

Abstract
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Cryptosporidium parvum is known as one of the most highly resistant parasites to gamma irradiation. To morphologically have an insight on the radioresistance of this parasite, ultrastructural changes in C. parvum sporozoites were observed after gamma irradiation using various doses (1, 5, 10, and 25 kGy) following a range of post-irradiation incubation times (10 kGy for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr). The ultrastructures of C. parvum oocysts changed remarkably after a 10-kGy irradiation. Nuclear membrane changes and degranulation of dense granules were observed with high doses over 10 kGy, and morphological changes in micronemes and rhoptries were observed with very high doses over 25 kGy. Oocyst walls were not affected by irradiation, whereas the internal structures of sporozoites degenerated completely 96 hr post-irradiation using a dose of 10 kGy. From this study, morphological evidence of radioresistance of C. parvum has been supplemented.

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Real-time detection of 3–8-µm microbial particles in sand filter effluent as a surrogate indicator of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts
Sandrine Boivin, Hiroshi Nagaoka, Takahiro Fujioka
Water Research X.2025; 27: 100345. CrossRef
Apicomplexan parasites are attenuated by low-energy electron irradiation in an automated microfluidic system and protect against infection with Toxoplasma gondii
Julia Finkensieper, Florian Mayerle, Zaida Rentería-Solís, Jasmin Fertey, Gustavo R. Makert, Franziska Lange, Joana Besecke, Simone Schopf, Andre Poremba, Ulla König, Bastian Standfest, Martin Thoma, Arwid Daugschies, Sebastian Ulbert
Parasitology Research.2023; 122(8): 1819. CrossRef
Discovery of New Microneme Proteins in Cryptosporidium parvum and Implication of the Roles of a Rhomboid Membrane Protein (CpROM1) in Host–Parasite Interaction
Xin Gao, Jigang Yin, Dongqiang Wang, Xiaohui Li, Ying Zhang, Chenchen Wang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Guan Zhu
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A new method for efficient detection of Cryptosporidium RNA by real-time reverse transcription-PCR with surfactants
Takahiro Sekikawa, Kosuke Toshiki
Water Supply.2015; 15(5): 1061. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Ultrastructural Localization of Toxocara canis Larval Antigen Reacted with a Seropositive Human Serum: Soo-Ung Lee, Jae-Ran Yu, Sun Huh; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(1):65-68.
Published online March 12, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.1.65

Abstract
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Excretory-secretory products of Toxocara canis larvae have been considered as a major functional antigen in immune responses against toxocariasis. We studied ultrastructural localization of T. canis second-stage larval antigen using a seropositive human serum under immunogold electron microscopy. High-density gold particles were observed in the secretory cells, excretory duct, intestinal epithelium, and cuticle of the larval worm sections. The distribution of the positive reactions in the larval worms suggests that the nature of the antigen is excretory-secretory antigen including waste metabolites and secretory enzymes.

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Toxocara canis-originated recombinant C-type lectin improves the disability scores of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in murine in vivo models
Mahsa Shahbakhsh, Fateme Jalousian, Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi, Parviz Shayan, Samad Farashi Bonab, Parmida Malekzade, Mohammad Vojgani, Mahya Lalehpour
Journal of Neuroimmunology.2025; 402: 578569. CrossRef
Producción y evaluación del antígeno recombinante Tes-30 de Toxocara canis para el inmunodiagnóstico de toxocariasis
Ana M. Olave, Jairo A. Mesa, Jorge H. Botero, Edwin B. Patiño, Gisela M. García, Juan F. Alzate
Biomédica.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluación de un antígeno purificado para el diagnóstico de toxocariosis
Graciela Santillán, Vanesa Bastin, Graciela Céspedes, Adriana Monkiewicz
Revista Argentina de Microbiología.2013; 45(2): 80. CrossRef
Frequency of unexpected antibody and consideration during transfusion
Ki-Ho Ko, Byung-Hoon Yoo, Kye-Min Kim, Woo-Yong Lee, Jun-Heum Yon, Ki-Hyuk Hong, Tae-Hee Han
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology.2012; 62(5): 412. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Tegumental Ultrastructure of Adult Gynaecotyla squatarolae (Digenea: Microphallidae): Do-Seon Lim, Ki-Ju Choi, Sang-Mee Guk, Jong-Yil Chai, Il-Yong Park, Yun-Kyu Park, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(2):87-90.
Published online June 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.87

Abstract
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Gynaecotyla squatarolae (Digenea: Microphallidae) adult flukes were recovered from experimental chicks at day 4-6 post-infection and their tegumental ultrastructure was observed with a scanning electron microscopy. They were pyriform in shape, and their anterior halves were concaved ventrally. The whole body surface was covered with tegumental spines, which were wide and 16-17 digitated between oral and ventral suckers. The density of spines and number of digits decreased posteriorly. The oral sucker was subterminal and the excretory pore was at the posterior end of the worm. Two ventral suckers were similar in appearance and protruded near midline of the worm. The genital atrium was dextral to the small ventral sucker. The dorsal surface was covered with tegumental spines, but the spines were sparser than on the ventral surface. On the middle portion of the dorsal surface, a small opening presumed to be the Laurer's canal was seen. From these findings, it has been confirmed that the adult G. squatarolae has unique characteristics in the surface ultrastructure.

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Larisa G. Poddubnaya, Elena Mishina, Alexander E. Zhokhov, David I. Gibson
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Developmental surface ultrastructure of Macroorchis spinulosus in albino rats: Sung-Jong Hong, Ho-Chun Woo, Oh Sil Kwon; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(4):151-157.
Published online December 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.4.151

Abstract
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Developmental surface ultrastructure of Macroorchis spinulosus was studied by scanning electron microscopy. One-day-old juvenile fluke was leaf-shaped and bent ventrally. Body surface was covered densely with peg-like spines and with cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes. Ciliated sensory papillae were concentrated around oral sucker. Several unciliated sensory papillae occurred equidistantly on oral sucker and acetabulum. The ciliated papillae appeared in two longitudinal lines symmetric bilaterally on dorsal surface. On adult flukes, tegumantal spines became wider in middle of the body surface. The cytoplasmic processes differentiated into more fine velvety form. It is likely that the differentiated fine cytoplasmic processes are an increased absorptive surface to adult M. spinulosus. It is suggested that single pointed tegumental spines on anterior half of the body may be supportive for this fluke to migration.

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Brief Communication

Surface ultrastructure of the adult stage of Acanthotrema felis (Trematoda: Heterophyidae): Woon-Mok Sohn, Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(2):107-111.
Published online June 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.2.107

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The surface ultrastructure of Acanthotrema felis (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) adults, recovered from a kitten experimentally infected with the metacercariae, was observed using a scanning electron microscope. The worm was leaf-like, ventrally concave and covered with scale-like multi-pointed tegumental spines. The spines on the anterior surface were short but broad, and had 10-12 pointed tips. The cytoplasmic processes protruded around the spines, like pockets for the spines. The ventrogenital opening was crescent, or kidney-shaped, and had protuberances with minute spines on its surrounding tegument. The spines on the posterior surface were long, but narrow, with 6-8 pointed tips. The cytoplasmic processes on this tegument were ridge-like, and elevated along the row of the spines. The surface ultrastructure of A. felis is generally similar to that of other heterophyid flukes, but some features are characteristic, and may be of taxonomic and bio-ecological significance.

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Surface ultrastructure of the adult and juvenile stages of the trematode Astiotrema impletum (Looss, 1899) Looss 1900 (incertae sedis) from the Nile puffer, Tetraodon lineatus Linnaeus, 1758
S. G. Abd El-Kareem, M. H. Ibraheem
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S. B E. Simões, H. S. Barbosa, C. P. Santos
Journal of Parasitology.2005; 91(4): 931. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Tegumental ultrastructure of the juvenile and adult Himasthla alincia (Digenea: Echinostomatidae): Eun-Taek Han, Kye-Young Han, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(1):17-25.
Published online March 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.1.17

Abstract
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The tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Himasthla alincia (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. One-, 5- (juveniles) and 20-day-old worms (adults) were harvested from chicks experimentally fed metacercariae from a bivalve, Mactra veneriformis. The juvenile worms were elongated and curved ventrally. The head crown bore 31 collar spines, arranged in a single row. The lip of the oral sucker had 12 paired, and 3 single type I sensory papillae, and the ventral sucker had about 25 type II sensory papillae. The anterolateral surface between the two suckers was densely packed with tegumental spines with 4-7 pointed tips. The adult worms were more elongated and filamentous, and had severe transverse folds over the whole body surface. On the head crown and two suckers, type I and II sensory papillae were more densely distributed than in the juvenile worms. Retractile brush-like spines, with 8-10 digits, were seen on the anterolateral surface, whereas claw-shaped spines, with 2-5 digits, were sparsely distributed posteriorly to the ventral sucker. The cirrus characteristically protruded out, and was armed with small spines distally. The surface ultrastructure of H. alincia was shown to be unique among echinostomes, especially in the digitation of its tegumental spines, the distribution of sensory papillae and by severe folds of the tegument.

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Surface ultrastructure of the adult and juvenile stages of the trematode Astiotrema impletum (Looss, 1899) Looss 1900 (incertae sedis) from the Nile puffer, Tetraodon lineatus Linnaeus, 1758
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Helminthologia.2021; 58(2): 188. CrossRef
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Young-Il Lee, Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai
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Tegumental ultrastructure of adult Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis (Trematoda: Notocotylidae): an intestinal parasite of muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
Soraya Naem, Ashleigh B. Smythe
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Laetitia Antonelli, Yann Quilichini, Jos?phine Foata, Bernard Marchand
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Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Hansol Park, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(2): 191. CrossRef
Topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of Deropristis inflata Molin, 1859 (Digenea: Deropristidae), a parasite of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Osteichthyes: Anguillidae)
Jean-José Filippi, Yann Quilichini, Bernard Marchand
Parasitology Research.2013; 112(2): 517. CrossRef
Topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of Lecithochirium musculus (digenea: Hemiuridae), a parasite of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (osteichthyes: Anguillidae)
Jean‐José Filippi, Yann Quilichini, Joséphine Foata, Bernard Marchand
Journal of Morphology.2012; 273(4): 361. CrossRef
Surface Ultrastructure of Juvenile and Adult Acanthoparyphium tyosenense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)
Eun-Taek Han, Moon-Seok Choi, Sung-Yil Choi, Jong-Yil Chai
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Jean-José Filippi, Yann Quilichini, Joséphine Foata, Bernard Marchand
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Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Souvanny Phommakorn, Bounthong Sengvilaykham, Jae-Lip Kim, Han-Jong Rim, Jong-Yil Chai
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Céline Desclaux, Fernanda Russell-Pinto, Xavier de Montaudouin, Guy Bachelet
Journal of Parasitology.2006; 92(3): 578. CrossRef

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Surface ultrastructure of Metagonimus takahashii metacercariae and adults: Jong-Yil Chai, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Taek Han, Min Seo, Eun-Hee Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Yil Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(1):9-15.
Published online March 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.1.9

Abstract
PDF

A scanning electron microscopic study was performed on the surface ultrastructure of metacercariae and adults of Metagonimus takahashii. Metacercariae were collected from the scale of crucian carp (Carassius auratus), and adult flukes were harvested 1-4 weeks after infection to rats. In excysted metacercariae, the oral sucker had type I (numerous) and type II (seven in total) sensory papillae. Tegumental spines were dense and digitated into 5-7 points on the surface anterior to the ventral sucker, but became sparse and less digitated posteriorly toward the end of the body. In adults, seven type II sensory papillae were characteristically arranged around the lip of the oral sucker, and on the inner side of the lip four small and two large type I sensory papillae were symmetrically seen on each side (12 in total). Tegumental spines on anterior two-thirds of the body, were digitated with 9-12 tips ventrally and 8-13 tips dorsally. Sperms entering into the Laurer's canal were observed. The results show that the surface ultrastructure of M. takahashii is generally similar to those of M. yokogawai and M. miyatai except for the digitation of tegumental spines.

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Morphological and molecular characterization of Acanthostomum species with Plesiomonas shigelloides coinfection: Immunological and histopathological appraisal in Bagrus bajad
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Digenean infections of fish

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Metagonimus yokogawai Ancient DNA Recovered from 16th- to 17th-Century Korean Mummy Feces of the Joseon Dynasty
Jong Ha Hong, Min Seo, Chang Seok Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Dong Hoon Shin
Journal of Parasitology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Light microscopy and surface topography of Urotrema scabridum and Renschetrema indicum (Digenea) from Rhinopoma hardwickii (Chiroptera): first report in Egypt
Kareem Morsy, Fathy Abdel-Ghaffar, Abdel-Rahman Bashtar, Saad Bin Dajem, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber, Marwa Mostafa
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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Laetitia Antonelli, Yann Quilichini, Jos?phine Foata, Bernard Marchand
Acta Parasitologica.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
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Berenice M. M. Fernandes, José C. O. Malta, Aprigio M. Morias
Comparative Parasitology.2013; 80(2): 203. CrossRef
Topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of Deropristis inflata Molin, 1859 (Digenea: Deropristidae), a parasite of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Osteichthyes: Anguillidae)
Jean-José Filippi, Yann Quilichini, Bernard Marchand
Parasitology Research.2013; 112(2): 517. CrossRef
Topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of Lecithochirium musculus (digenea: Hemiuridae), a parasite of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (osteichthyes: Anguillidae)
Jean‐José Filippi, Yann Quilichini, Joséphine Foata, Bernard Marchand
Journal of Morphology.2012; 273(4): 361. CrossRef
Surface Ultrastructure of Juvenile and Adult Acanthoparyphium tyosenense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)
Eun-Taek Han, Moon-Seok Choi, Sung-Yil Choi, Jong-Yil Chai
Journal of Parasitology.2011; 97(6): 1049. CrossRef
Topography and Ultrastructure of the Tegument of Bucephalus anguillae (Digenea: Bucephalidae), a Parasite of the European Eel Anguilla anguilla (Osteichthyen: Anguillidae)
Jean-José Filippi, Yann Quilichini, Joséphine Foata, Bernard Marchand
Journal of Parasitology.2010; 96(6): 1102. CrossRef
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Susana Balmant Emerique Simões, Helene Santos Barbosa, Cláudia Portes Santos
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TAXONOMIC STATUS, REDESCRIPTION, AND SURFACE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ASCOCOTYLE (PHAGICOLA) PINDORAMENSIS N. COMB. (DIGENEA: HETEROPHYIDAE)
Susana Balmant Emerique Simões, Tomáš Scholz, Helene Santos Barbosa, Cláudia Portes Santos
Journal of Parasitology.2006; 92(3): 501. CrossRef
Sequence comparisons of 28S ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I of Metagonimus yokogawai, M. takahashii and M. miyatai
Soo-Ung Lee, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2004; 42(3): 129. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of the adult stage of Acanthotrema felis (Trematoda: Heterophyidae)
Woon-Mok Sohn, Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2003; 41(2): 107. CrossRef
Tegumental ultrastructure of Echinoparyphium recurvatum according to developmental stages
Woon-Mok Sohn, Ho-Choon Woo, Sung-Jong Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2002; 40(2): 67. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of Pygidiopsis summa (Digenea: Heterophyidae) adult flukes
Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Yil Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2002; 40(3): 107. CrossRef
Brachylaima cribbi (Digenea: Brachylaimidae): scanning electron microscopical observations of the life-cycle stages
A.R. Butcher, J.K. Brealey, D.I. Grove, R.B. Dymock
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Surface ultrastructure of Metagonimus miyatai metacercariae and adults: Jong-Yil Chai, Young-Je Kang, Sung-Yil Choi, Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Ran Yu, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):217-225.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.217

Abstract
PDF

A scanning electron microscopic study was performed to observe surface ultrastructures of excysted metacercariae and adults of Metagonimus miyatai. Metacercariae were collected from the scale of the pale chub (Zacco platypus), and adult flukes were harvested 1-4 weeks after infection to rats. In excysted metacercariae, the oral sucker was devoid of tegumental spines and had type I and type II sensory papillae. Anteriorly to the ventral sucker, spines were dense and digitated into 5-7 points, whereas near the posterior end of the body spines were sparse and digitated into 2-3 points. In one-week adults, 7 type II sensory papillae were arranged around the lip of the oral sucker, and at inner side of the lip one pair of small and two pairs of large type 1 sensory papillae were seen on each side. The distribution of tegumental spines was similar to that of metacercariae, but they were more differentiated with 9-11 pointed tips. In two- to four-week old adults, the surface ultrastructure was nearly the same as in one-week old adults, however, sperms were frequently seen entering into the Laurer's canal. Conclusively, the surface ultrastructure of M. miyatai was generally similar to that of M. yokogawai, however, differentiation of tegumental spines and distribution of sensory papillae around the oral sucker were different between the two species, which may be of taxonomic significance.

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D. Sándor, M. Gyöngy, K. Nyeste, I. Czeglédi, C. Székely, K. Buchmann, G. Cech
Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jong Ha Hong, Min Seo, Chang Seok Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Dong Hoon Shin
Journal of Parasitology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of Deropristis inflata Molin, 1859 (Digenea: Deropristidae), a parasite of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Osteichthyes: Anguillidae)
Jean-José Filippi, Yann Quilichini, Bernard Marchand
Parasitology Research.2013; 112(2): 517. CrossRef
Topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of Lecithochirium musculus (digenea: Hemiuridae), a parasite of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (osteichthyes: Anguillidae)
Jean‐José Filippi, Yann Quilichini, Joséphine Foata, Bernard Marchand
Journal of Morphology.2012; 273(4): 361. CrossRef
Tegumental Ultrastructure of Adult Gynaecotyla squatarolae (Digenea: Microphallidae)
Do-Seon Lim, Ki-Ju Choi, Sang-Mee Guk, Jong-Yil Chai, Il-Yong Park, Yun-Kyu Park, Min Seo
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(2): 87. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of the plagiorchid trematode Glossidium pedatum Looss, 1899 from bagrid fish in Egypt
Mohammed Hasan Ibraheem
Acta Zoologica.2007; 88(2): 173. CrossRef
TAXONOMIC STATUS, REDESCRIPTION, AND SURFACE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ASCOCOTYLE (PHAGICOLA) PINDORAMENSIS N. COMB. (DIGENEA: HETEROPHYIDAE)
Susana Balmant Emerique Simões, Tomáš Scholz, Helene Santos Barbosa, Cláudia Portes Santos
Journal of Parasitology.2006; 92(3): 501. CrossRef
Sequence comparisons of 28S ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I of Metagonimus yokogawai, M. takahashii and M. miyatai
Soo-Ung Lee, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2004; 42(3): 129. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of the adult stage of Acanthotrema felis (Trematoda: Heterophyidae)
Woon-Mok Sohn, Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2003; 41(2): 107. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of Pygidiopsis summa (Digenea: Heterophyidae) adult flukes
Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Yil Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2002; 40(3): 107. CrossRef
Tegumental ultrastructure of Echinoparyphium recurvatum according to developmental stages
Woon-Mok Sohn, Ho-Choon Woo, Sung-Jong Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2002; 40(2): 67. CrossRef
Brachylaima cribbi (Digenea: Brachylaimidae): scanning electron microscopical observations of the life-cycle stages
A.R. Butcher, J.K. Brealey, D.I. Grove, R.B. Dymock
Journal of Helminthology.2002; 76(3): 207. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of Metagonimus takahashii metacercariae and adults
Jong-Yil Chai, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Taek Han, Min Seo, Eun-Hee Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Yil Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2000; 38(1): 9. CrossRef
A cytogenetic study on human intestinal trematodes of the genus Metagonimus (Digenea: Heterophyidae) in Korea
Soo-Ung Lee, Sun Huh, Gab-Man Park, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1999; 37(4): 237. CrossRef