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Original Article

Anticoccidial activities of a multicomplex mineral-based diet in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina

Binh T. Nguyen1,2orcid, Rochelle A. Flores1orcid, Paula Leona T. Cammayo-Fletcher1orcid, Suk Kim1orcid, Woo H. Kim1orcid, Wongi Min1,3,*orcid
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases 2025;63(2):135-146.
Published online: May 26, 2025

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*Correspondence: wongimin@gnu.ac.kr
• Received: June 23, 2024   • Accepted: March 21, 2025

© 2025 The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

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    Journal of The Royal Society Interface.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

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Anticoccidial activities of a multicomplex mineral-based diet in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina
Parasites Hosts Dis. 2025;63(2):135-146.   Published online May 26, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24045
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Anticoccidial activities of a multicomplex mineral-based diet in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina
Parasites Hosts Dis. 2025;63(2):135-146.   Published online May 26, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24045
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Anticoccidial activities of a multicomplex mineral-based diet in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina
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Fig. 1 Villous height (VH), villous width (VW), and crypt depth (CD) in the broilers. Broilers at 2 weeks of age were fed a standard diet supplemented with a multicomplex mineral (10,000 dilution) beginning 2 days before Eimeria acervulina infection until the end of the experiment. The control birds (A) were orally administered phosphate buffered saline. Chickens (B,C) were orally infected with 1×104 sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina. The duodenum on day 6 after Eimeria infection was rapidly removed and fixed in 10.0% neutral buffered formalin. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Five microscopic fields (400×) were randomly selected to measure the VH, VW, and CD.

Fig. 1

Anticoccidial activities of a multicomplex mineral-based diet in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina

Effect of the multicomplex mineral on BWG in chickens

Treatment period of a multicomplex mineral (day) Treatment (dilution index)
Control 5,000 10,000 20,000
BWG (%) Female 0 100.0±1.2 100.9±1.3 99.4±1.3 99.7±2.1
2 100.0±1.4 101.4±2.0 98.3±1.5 100.7±2.7
6 100.0±2.0 104.8±2.2 96.6±1.7 101.8±3.6
Male 0 100.0±1.4 98.1±1.3 98.4±1.4 98.9±1.4
2 100.0±2.0 97.8±1.4 97.7±1.9 96.1±1.7
6 100.0±1.6 92.5±1.4** 93.8±1.7* 98.2±1.6

The body weights of female (n=13/group) and male broiler (n=30/group) chickens were individually measured on days 0, 2, and 6 after the initiation of feed supplemented with the multicomplex mineral. BWG was expressed relative to the body weight of the control chickens, which was taken as 100%. Data represent the mean±SE for one of 2 independent experiments producing similar results.

BWG, body weight gain.

*P<0.05,

**P<0.01 compared to the control group.

Effect of the multicomplex mineral on the sporulation of unsporulated oocysts

Item Control Treatment (dilution index)
Formalin 10% 5,000 10,000 20,000
Sporulation rate (%) 79.7±2.0 15.5±1.4*** 85.3±1.4 83.5±1.0 84.7±2.5

Data represent the mean±SE from 3 replicates and 1 representative of 2 independent experiments.

***P<0.001 compared to the control group.

Comparison of clinical symptoms in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina and treated with the multicomplex mineral

Items Control Infection
Untreated Treated P-value
BWG (%), 0 DPI 100.0±1.6 101.4±1.6 100.2±1.4 0.90
BWG (%), 6 DPI 100.0±1.6 94.1±1.7† 103.2±1.5*** <0.001
BWG (%), 9 DPI 100.0±1.7 96.8±1.8 100.7±1.4 0.09
Fecal oocyst production (106) 0 599.8±8.7 365.7±45.7* 0.03
Lesion score 0 0.4±0.2 0.5±0.2 0.67

Broilers at 2 weeks of age were fed a standard diet supplemented with a multicomplex mineral (10,000 dilution) beginning 2 days before E. acervulina infection until the end of the experiment. Chickens were orally infected with 10,000 sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina. The BWG of each broiler (n=30/group) was individually measured on days 0, 6, and 9 post-infection. BWG was expressed relative to the body weight of the control chickens, which was taken as 100.0%. Fecal oocyst production was calculated in chickens treated with a multicomplex mineral (n=30/group). The oocysts per bird were determined for fecal samples collected from 6 to 9 DPI. Chickens (n=10/group) were randomly selected for gut lesion scoring 6 DPI. Data represent the mean±SE for one of 2 independent experiments producing similar results.

BWG, body weight gain; DPI, day post-infection.

*P<0.05,

***P<0.001 compared to the untreated and infected group.

†P<0.05 compared to the untreated and uninfected control.

Histological measurements in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina and treated with the multicomplex mineral

Histological measurements Control Infection (10,000) Infection (100,000)
Untreated Treated Untreated Treated
VH (μm) 1,610±74.8 1,494±37.9 1,518±49.5 1,411±40.1* 1,340±22.6*
CD (μm) 242±20.2 395±33.5*** 398±27.3*** 371±16.1*** 396±29.8***
VW (μm) 240±10.8 212±7.3* 286±9.5**,††† 212±7.3* 281±10.8*,†††
VH-to-CD ratio 7.5±0.8 4.2±0.4*** 4.0±0.3*** 3.9±0.2*** 3.9±0.4***
VH-to-VW ratio 6.9±0.3 7.1±0.2 5.4±0.2***,††† 6.8±0.3 5.1±0.2***,†††

Broilers at 2 weeks of age were fed a standard diet supplemented with a multicomplex mineral beginning 2 days before E. acervulina infection until the end of the experiment. Chickens were orally infected with 10,000 or 100,000 sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina. The size of the middle area of the VH, including the CD, was measured for VW. Data represent the mean±SE (n=15).

VH, villus length; CD, crypt depth; VW, villus width.

*P<0.05,

***P<0.001 compared to the untreated-uninfected control.

†††P<0.001 compared to their untreated-infected groups.

Table 1 Effect of the multicomplex mineral on BWG in chickens

The body weights of female (n=13/group) and male broiler (n=30/group) chickens were individually measured on days 0, 2, and 6 after the initiation of feed supplemented with the multicomplex mineral. BWG was expressed relative to the body weight of the control chickens, which was taken as 100%. Data represent the mean±SE for one of 2 independent experiments producing similar results.

BWG, body weight gain.

P<0.05,

P<0.01 compared to the control group.

Table 2 Effect of the multicomplex mineral on the sporulation of unsporulated oocysts

Data represent the mean±SE from 3 replicates and 1 representative of 2 independent experiments.

P<0.001 compared to the control group.

Table 3 Comparison of clinical symptoms in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina and treated with the multicomplex mineral

Broilers at 2 weeks of age were fed a standard diet supplemented with a multicomplex mineral (10,000 dilution) beginning 2 days before E. acervulina infection until the end of the experiment. Chickens were orally infected with 10,000 sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina. The BWG of each broiler (n=30/group) was individually measured on days 0, 6, and 9 post-infection. BWG was expressed relative to the body weight of the control chickens, which was taken as 100.0%. Fecal oocyst production was calculated in chickens treated with a multicomplex mineral (n=30/group). The oocysts per bird were determined for fecal samples collected from 6 to 9 DPI. Chickens (n=10/group) were randomly selected for gut lesion scoring 6 DPI. Data represent the mean±SE for one of 2 independent experiments producing similar results.

BWG, body weight gain; DPI, day post-infection.

P<0.05,

P<0.001 compared to the untreated and infected group.

P<0.05 compared to the untreated and uninfected control.

Table 4 Histological measurements in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina and treated with the multicomplex mineral

Broilers at 2 weeks of age were fed a standard diet supplemented with a multicomplex mineral beginning 2 days before E. acervulina infection until the end of the experiment. Chickens were orally infected with 10,000 or 100,000 sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina. The size of the middle area of the VH, including the CD, was measured for VW. Data represent the mean±SE (n=15).

VH, villus length; CD, crypt depth; VW, villus width.

P<0.05,

P<0.001 compared to the untreated-uninfected control.

P<0.001 compared to their untreated-infected groups.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

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