Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Volume 48(1); March 2010

Original Articles

Delayed Human Neutrophil Apoptosis by Trichomonas vaginalis Lysate: Hyun-Ouk Song, Young-Su Lim, Sun-Joo Moon, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):1-7.
Published online March 17, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.1

Abstract
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Neutrophils play an important role in the human immune system for protection against such microorganisms as a protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis; however, the precise role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of trichomoniasis is still unknown. Moreover, it is thought that trichomonal lysates and excretory-secretory products (ESP), as well as live T. vaginalis, could possibly interact with neutrophils in local tissues, including areas of inflammation induced by T. vaginalis in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of T. vaginalis lysate on the fate of neutrophils. We found that T. vaginalis lysate inhibits apoptosis of human neutrophils as revealed by Giemsa stain. Less altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and surface CD16 receptor expression also supported the idea that neutrophil apoptosis is delayed after T. vaginalis lysate stimulation. In contrast, ESP stimulated-neutrophils were similar in apoptotic features of untreated neutrophils. Maintained caspase-3 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in neutrophils co-cultured with trichomonad lysate suggest that an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was involved in T. vaginalis lysate-induced delayed neutrophil apoptosis; this phenomenon may contribute to local inflammation in trichomoniasis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women: A review
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Gideon Ikechukwu Okoroiwu, Nwanganga Ihuoma Ubosi, Getrude Uzoma Obeagu, Ebere Emilia Ayogu, Elham Elamin
Medicine.2025; 104(41): e45063. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis excretory secretory proteins reduce semen quality and male fertility
Zhenchao Zhang, Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Yuhua Li, Wanxin Sheng, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lihua Guo, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei
Acta Tropica.2023; 238: 106794. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis triggers neutrophil extracellular traps reducing parasite integrity and growth
María G. Ramírez-Ledesma, Yordan J. Romero-Contreras, Mayra C. Rodríguez, Ruth Reyes-Cortes, Patricia Cuéllar-Mata, Eva E. Avila
Parasitology Research.2022; 121(5): 1355. CrossRef
Immune cell arrival kinetics to peritoneum and role during murine-experimental trichomoniasis
F. J. Rangel-Mata, E. E. Ávila-Muro, J. E. Reyes-Martínez, L. M. Olmos-Ortiz, M. E. Brunck, L. A. Arriaga-Pizano, P. Cuéllar-Mata
Parasitology.2021; 148(13): 1624. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis induces apoptosis via ROS and ER stress response through ER–mitochondria crosstalk in SiHa cells
Fei Fei Gao, Juan-Hua Quan, Min A. Lee, Wei Ye, Jae-Min Yuk, Guang-Ho Cha, In-Wook Choi, Young-Ha Lee
Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular investigation of Trichomoniasis in women in Al-Muthana province /Iraq
H R J Al-abodi, K T M Al-Shaibani, E M Shaker
Journal of Physics: Conference Series.2019; 1234(1): 012078. CrossRef
Amaurocine: Anti- Trichomonas vaginalis protein produced by the basidiomycete Amauroderma camerarium
Mariana Duarte, Adriana Seixas, Maira Peres de Carvalho, Tiana Tasca, Alexandre José Macedo
Experimental Parasitology.2016; 161: 6. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis induces cytopathic effect on human lung alveolar basal carcinoma epithelial cell line A549
Daile Meek C. Salvador-Membreve, Sonia D. Jacinto, Windell L. Rivera
Experimental Parasitology.2014; 147: 33. CrossRef
Trichonomas vaginalis Metalloproteinase Induces Apoptosis of SiHa Cells through Disrupting the Mcl-1/Bim and Bcl-xL/Bim Complexes
Juan-Hua Quan, Byung-Hun Kang, Guang-Ho Cha, Wei Zhou, Young-Bok Koh, Jung-Bo Yang, Heon-Jong Yoo, Min-A Lee, Jae-Sook Ryu, Heung-Tae Noh, Jaeyul Kwon, Young-Ha Lee, A. R. M. Ruhul Amin
PLoS ONE.2014; 9(10): e110659. CrossRef
Altered CD16 expression on vaginal neutrophils from women with vaginitis
Joziani Beghini, Paulo C. Giraldo, Ruth Riboldi, Rose L.G. Amaral, José Eleutério, Steven S. Witkin, Fernando Guimarães
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.2013; 167(1): 96. CrossRef
Leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 are involved in interleukin-8 production in human neutrophils induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products
Young Hee Nam, Arim Min, Seong Hoon Kim, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Kyoung-Ju Song, Myeong Heon Shin
Inflammation Research.2012; 61(2): 97. CrossRef
NF-κB and CREB Are Involved in IL-8 Production of Human Neutrophils Induced byTrichomonas vaginalis-Derived Secretory Products
Young Hee Nam, Deulle Min, Soon-Jung Park, Kyeong Ah Kim, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(3): 291. CrossRef
Trichomoniasis
Jae-Sook Ryu
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 213. CrossRef

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PCR Detection and Molecular Characterization of Pentatrichomonas hominis from Feces of Dogs with Diarrhea in the Republic of Korea: Kim, Yun Ah , Kim, Hye Youn , Cho, Shin Hyeong , Cheun, Hyeong Il , Yu, Jae Ran , Lee, Sang Eun; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):9-13.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.9

Abstract
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Pentatrichomonas hominis is considered a commensal protozoan in the large intestine of a number of mammalian hosts, such as cats, dogs, and non-human primates. The resulting infections, which can induce diarrhea, have been attributed to opportunistic overgrowth of P. hominis. This study was performed to confirm the P. hominis infection and its molecular characterization from the feces of puppies with diarrhea. Fecal samples were obtained from 14 German shepherd puppies with diarrhea over 1 week (7 females and 7 males, 2-9 months of age) residing on a dog farm in August 2007. Species-specific PCR assay identified P. hominis 18S rRNA genes in 3 of the 14 puppies (1 female and 2 males; 1 aged 2 months and 2 aged 9 months). This phylogenetic analysis established that P. hominis belonged to the 1st clade, which is comprised of Bos taurus and Felines.

Citations

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Na Lu, Hai-Tao Wang, Qing-Yu Hou, Ya Qin, Xue-Min Li, Xing Yang, Jing Jiang, Shuo Liu
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Yu-Xuan Wang, Tao Jia, Zi-Rui Wang, Jin-Long Wang, Ze-Dong Zhang, Ze-Xuan Wu, Wen-Wei Gao, Xing-Quan Zhu, Qing Liu
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Possible Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Prostaglandins in the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Malaria: Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction by Prostaglandin D₂ and Metabolite by a Human Astrocyte Cell Line: Jiraporn Kuesap, Kesara Na-Bangchang; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):15-21.
Published online March 17, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.15

Abstract
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Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system that play roles in maintaining the blood-brain-barrier and in neural injury, including cerebral malaria, a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Prostaglandin (PG) D₂ is abundantly produced in the brain and regulates the sleep response. Moreover, PGD₂ is a potential factor derived from P. falciparum within erythrocytes. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is catalyzing enzyme in heme breakdown process to release iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin/bilirubin, and may influence iron supply to the P. falciparum parasites. Here, we showed that treatment of a human astrocyte cell line, CCF-STTG1, with PGD₂ significantly increased the expression levels of HO-1 mRNA by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis showed that PGD₂ treatment increased the level of HO-1 protein, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Thus, PGD₂ may be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria by inducing HO-1 expression in malaria patients.

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Heme Oxygenase 1 in Vertebrates: Friend and Foe
Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva, Leonardo Holanda Travassos Correa
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cAMP-Dependent Signaling Pathways as Potential Targets for Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum Blood Stages
Edwin Lasonder, Kunal More, Shailja Singh, Malak Haidar, Daniela Bertinetti, Eileen J. Kennedy, Friedrich W. Herberg, Anthony A. Holder, Gordon Langsley, Chetan E. Chitnis
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Heme oxygenase-1 in protozoan infections: A tale of resistance and disease tolerance
Rafael C. M. C. Silva, Leonardo H. Travassos, Claudia N. Paiva, Marcelo T. Bozza, Marc-Jan Gubbels
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Expression of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the Kidneys of Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice
Prasit Na-Ek, Chuchard Punsawad, Jianbing Mu
Journal of Tropical Medicine.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
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Laura Adalid-Peralta, Brenda Sáenz, Gladis Fragoso, Graciela Cárdenas
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The role of heme-oxygenase-1 in pathogenesis of cerebral malaria in the co-culture model of human brain microvascular endothelial cell and ITG Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells
Pimwan Thongdee, Kesara Na-Bangchang
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M. Haidar, G. Ramdani, E. J. Kennedy, G. Langsley
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Sara R. Oliveira, Helena L.A. Vieira, Carlos B. Duarte
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Malaria Journal.2010;[Epub] CrossRef

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Immune Responses of NIH Mice Infected with Avirulent and Virulent Strains of Plasmodium chabaudi adami Single and Mixed Infections: M. J. Namazi, R. S. Phillips; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):23-33.
Published online March 18, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.23

Abstract
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An understanding of the nature of the immune response to asexual erythrocytic stages of malaria parasites will facilitate vaccine development by identifying which responses the vaccine should preferentially induce. The present study examined and compared the immune responses of NIH mice in either single or mixed infections with avirulent (DK) or virulent (DS) strains of Plasmodium chabaudi adami using the ELISA test for detecting and measurement of cytokines and antibody production. In both single and mixed infections, the study showed that both cell- and antibody-mediated responses were activated. In all experiments, an early relatively high level of IFN-γ and IgG2a during the acute phase of the infection, and later elevation of IL-4 and IgG1, suggested that there was a sequential Th1/Th2 response. However, in the avirulent DK strain infection a stronger Th1 response was observed compared to the virulent DS strain-infection or in mixed infections. In the virulent DS infection, there was a stronger Th2 response compared to that in the DK and mixed infections. The faster proliferation rate of the virulent DS strain compared to the DK strain was also evident.

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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor: A Downregulator of Early T Cell-Dependent IFN-γ Responses in Plasmodium chabaudi adami (556 KA)-Infected Mice
Diane Tshikudi Malu, Benoit Bélanger, François Desautels, Karine Kelendji, Esther Dalko, Jaime Sanchez-Dardon, Lin Leng, Richard Bucala, Abhay R Satoskar, Tatiana Scorza
The Journal of Immunology.2011; 186(11): 6271. CrossRef

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Malaria Vector Surveillance in Ganghwa-do, a Malaria-Endemic Area in the Republic of Korea: Oh, Sung Suck , Hur, Myung Je , Joo, Gwang Sig , Kim, Sung Tae , Go, Jong Myoung , Kim, Yong Hee , Lee, Wook Gyo , Shin, E Hyun; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):35-41.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.35

Abstract
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We investigated the seasonality of Anopheles mosquitoes, including its species composition, density, parity, and population densities of mosquitoes infected with the parasite in Ganghwa-do (Island), a vivax malaria endemic area in the Republic of Korea. Mosquitoes were collected periodically with a dry-ice-tent trap and a blacklight trap during the mosquito season (April-October) in 2008. Anopheles sinensis (94.9%) was the most abundant species collected, followed by Anopheles belenrae (3.8%), Anopheles pullus (1.2%), and Anopheles lesteri (0.1%). Hibernating Anopheles mosquitoes were also collected from December 2007 to March 2008. An. pullus (72.1%) was the most frequently collected, followed by An. sinensis (18.4%) and An. belenrae (9.5%). The composition of Anopheles species differed between the mosquito season and hibernation seasons. The parous rate fluctuated from 0% to 92.9%, and the highest rate was recorded on 10 September 2008. Sporozoite infections were detected by PCR in the head and thorax of female Anopheles mosquitoes. The annual sporozoite rate of mosquitoes was 0.11% (2 of 1,845 mosquitoes). The 2 mosquitoes that tested positive for sporozoites were An. sinensis. Malarial infections in anopheline mosquitoes from a population pool were also tried irrespective of the mosquito species. Nine of 2,331 pools of Anopheles mosquitoes were positive. From our study, it can be concluded that An. sinensis, which was the predominant vector species and confirmed as sporozoite-infected, plays an important role in malaria transmission in Ganghwa-do.

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Presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in Drinking Water Samples in the North of Portugal: Almeida, Andre , Moreira, Maria Joao , Soares, Sonia , Delgado, Maria de Lurdes , Figueiredo, Joao , Silva, Elisabete , Castro, Antonio , Cosa, Jose Manuel Correida Da; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):43-48.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.43

Abstract
PDF

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are 2 protozoan parasites responsible for waterborne diseases outbreaks worldwide. In order to assess the prevalence of these protozoans in drinking water samples in the northern part of Portugal and the risk of human infection, we have established a long term program aiming at pinpointing the sources of surface water, drinking water, and environmental contamination, working with the water-supply industry. Total 43 sources of drinking water samples were selected, and a total of 167 samples were analyzed using the Method 1623. Sensitivity assays regarding the genetic characterization by PCR and sequencing of the genes, 18S SSU rRNA, for Cryptosporidium spp. and beta,-giardin for G. duodenalis were set in the laboratory. According to the defined criteria, molecular analysis was performed over 4 samples. Environmental stages of the protozoa were detected in 25.7% (43 out of 167) of the water samples, 8.4% (14 out of 167) with cysts of Giardia, 10.2% (17 out of 167) with oocysts of Cryptosporidium and 7.2% (12 out of 167) for both species. The mean concentrations were 0.1-12.7 oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. per 10 L and 0.1-108.3 cysts of Giardia duodenalis per 10 L. Our results suggest that the efficiency in drinking water plants must be ameliorated in their efficiency in reducing the levels of contamination. We suggest the implementation of systematic monitoring programs for both protozoa. To authors' knowledge, this is the first report evaluating the concentration of environmental stages of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in drinking water samples in the northern part of Portugal.

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In Vitro Cultivation of Cymatocarpus solearis (Brachycoeliidae) Metacercariae to Obtain the Adult Stage without the Marine Turtle Definitive Host: Grano-Maldonado, Mayra , Alvarez-Cadena, Jose; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):49-55.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.49

Abstract
PDF

In vitro cultivation of trematodes would assist studies on the basic biology of the parasites and their hosts. This is the first study to use the yolk of unfertilized chicken eggs as a simple and successful method of ovocultivation and the first time to obtain the adult-stage of the trematode Cymatocarpus solearis Braun, 1899 (Digenea: Brachycoeliidae). Chicken eggs were inoculated with metacercariae from the muscle of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804). The metacercariae were excysted and incubated for 576 hr (24 days) at 38degrees C to obtain the adult stage. Eggs in utero were normal in shape and light brown color. The metacercariae developed into mature parasites that have been identified as the adult-stage found in marine turtles. The adult lobsters collected in Quintana Roo State, Mexico, showed the prevalence of 49.4% and the mean intensity of 26.0 per host (n = 87). A statistical study was performed to determine that no parasitic preference was detected for male versus female parasitized lobsters. Morphometric measurements of the adult-stage of C. solearis obtained in our study have been deposited in the National Helminths Collection of the Institute of Biology of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. This study is significant because it is the first time that a digenean of the family Brachycoeliidae has been demonstrated to develop in vitro from metacercariae into adults capable of producing eggs using the yolk of unfertilized chicken eggs. Secondly, this technique allows to obtain the adult stage of C. solearis without the presence of its marine turtle host, allows us to describe the mature parasites, and thus contribute to our understanding of the biology of C. solearis.

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Case Report

A Case of Vesical and Scrotal Sparganosis Presenting as a Scrotal Mass: Yun, Seok Joong , Park, Moon Seon , Jeon, Hyeong Kyu , Kim, Yong June , Kim, Wun Jae , Lee, Sang Cheol; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):57-59.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.57

Abstract
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A 59-year-old Korean man complained of a painless scrotal hard nodule and weak urine stream. The ultrasound scan revealed a 2.2-cm sized round heteroechogenic nodule located in the extratesticular area. Microscopic hematuria was detected in routine laboratory examinations. On scrotal exploration, multiple spargana were incidentally found in the mass and along the left spermatic cord. On cystoscopy, a 10-mm sized mucosal elevation was found in the right side of the bladder dome. After transurethral resection of the covered mucosa, larval tapeworms were removed from inside of the nodule by forceps. Plerocercoids of Spirometra erinacei was confirmed morphologically and also by PCR-sequencing analysis from the extracted tissue of the urinary bladder. So far as the literature is concerned, this is the first worm (PCR)-proven case of sparganosis in the urinary bladder.

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Shiwangi Sharma, Rakesh Kumar Mahajan, Hira Ram, M. Karikalan, Arvind Achra
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Brief Communications

Prevalence and Comparison of Diagnostic Methods for Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Pregnant Women in Argentina: Perazzi, Beatriz E , Menghi, Claudia I , Coppolillo, Enrique F , Gatta, Claudia , Eliseth, Martha Cora , de Torres, Ramon A , Vay, Carlos A , Famiglietti, Angela M; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):61-65.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.61

Abstract
PDF

The
objective
s of this study were to conduct a prevalence survey of trichomoniasis in pregnant women and to evaluate the utility of different methods for its diagnosis. A total of 597 vaginal exudates from pregnant women who were examined at the Hospital de Clinicas in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 1 August 2005 to 31 January 2007, were prospectively and consecutively evaluated. The investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis was made by different microscopic examinations, and culture on liquid medium. The sensitivity and specificity of the microscopic examinations were assessed considering culture on liquid medium as the "gold standard". The prevalence of T. vaginalis obtained by culture on liquid medium was 4.0% (24/597). The prevalence of T. vaginalis obtained by direct wet smear, prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa staining, and sodium acetate-formalin (SAF)/methylene blue staining-fixing technique was 1.8%, 2.3% and 2.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of the direct wet smear was 45.8%, that of the prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa staining was 58.3%, and that of the SAF/methylene blue method was 62.5%. Considering the 3 microscopic examinations altogether, the sensitivity rose to 66.7% and the specificity was 100% for all of them. This is the first time that the prevalence data of T. vaginalis by culture in pregnant women are published in Argentina. Due to the low sensitivity obtained by microscopy in asymptomatic pregnant women, the use of the liquid medium is recommended during pregnancy, in order to provide an early diagnosis and treatment.

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Kamlesh Yadava, Pankaj Kumar Chaudhary, Amit Kumar, Mohd Arshad
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Hanan A. O. Abd Allha, A. Fazari, Khalid Y. M. Ahmed
Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.2016; 06(09): 539. CrossRef
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Naser Nazari, Maryam Zangeneh, Fatemeh Moradi, Arezoo Bozorgomid
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Abbasali Nourian, Nushin Shabani, Asghar Fazaeli, Seyed Noraddin Mousavinasab
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Abdurehman Eshete, Zeleke Mekonnen, Ahmed Zeynudin
ISRN Infectious Diseases.2013; 2013: 1. CrossRef

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Trypanosoma brucei Infection in Asymptomatic Greater Kudus (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) on a Game Ranch in Zambia: Munang'andu, Hetron Mweemba , Siamudaala, Victor , Munyeme, Musso , Nambota, Andrew , Mutoloki, Stephen , Matandiko, Wigganson; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):67-69.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.67

Abstract
PDF

Trypomastogotes of Trypanosoma brucei were detected from 4 asymptomatic kudus (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) on a game ranch located approximately 45 km north east of Lusaka, Zambia. Blood smears examined from 14 wildlife species comprising of the impala (Aepyceros melampus), Kafue lechwe (kobus leche kafuensis), sable antelope (Hippotragus niger), tsessebe (Damaliscus lunatus), warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus), puku (Kobus vardoni), zebra (Equus burchelli), waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus), bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), reedbuck (Redunca arundinum), wilderbeest (Connochaetes taurinus), hartebeest (Alcephelus lichtensteini), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), and kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) showed that only the kudu had T. brucei. Although game ranching has emerged to be a successful ex-situ conservation strategy aimed at saving the declining wildlife population in the National Parks, our findings suggest that it has the potential of aiding the re-distribution of animal diseases. Hence, there is a need for augmenting wildlife conservation with disease control strategies aimed at reducing the risk of disease transmission between wildlife and domestic animals.

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GREATER KUDU (TRAGELAPHUS STREPSICEROS) MORTALITY IN EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Antoine Leclerc, Benjamin Lamglait, Thierry Petit, Yannick Roman, Joerg Jebram
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine.2016; 47(2): 531. CrossRef
Occurrence of haemoparasites in cattle in Monduli district, northern Tanzania
Isihaka J. Haji, Imna Malele, Boniface Namangala
Onderstepoort J Vet Res.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection of Parasites and Parasitic Infections of Free-Ranging Wildlife on a Game Ranch in Zambia: A Challenge for Disease Control
Hetron Mweemba Munang'andu, Victor M. Siamudaala, Musso Munyeme, King Shimumbo Nalubamba
Journal of Parasitology Research.2012; 2012: 1. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence and Incidence of Toxoplasma gondii among Apparently Healthy and Visually or Hearing Disabled Children in Taiz City, Yemen: Saleh, Madha Mohammed Sheet , AL-Shamiri, Adam Hezam , Qaed, Abeer Ahmed; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):71-73.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.71

Abstract
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This cross sectional study was conducted in the city of Taiz, Yemen, during the period from August 2006 to August 2007 in order to investigate the seroprevalence and incidence of toxoplasmosis among apparently healthy children (AHC) and visually and/or hearing disabled children (DC). The seroprevalence was 16.0% among AHC compared to 32.5% among DC. The effect of gender was clear as the seroprevalence rate was significantly higher among females (18.3 and 43.8% for AHC and DC, respectively) than males (13.8 and 25% for AHC and DC, respectively). The seroprevalence was proportionally increased with the age, and the highest rates (20.9 and 53.0%) were reported among the oldest age group (> 10-14 years) for AHC and DC groups, respectively. The incidence rate was also higher (4.2%) in DC group compared to AHC group (2.4%) during 1 year period. These data indicate that the seroprevalence and incidence of toxoplasmosis are significantly higher in DC group than those of AHC group. We need to check further relationship between toxoplasmosis and visual and/or hearing disability.

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Talal Alharazi, Jerold C. Alcantara, Lea L. Dando, Petelyne Pangket
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Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among Institutionalized Children with Down syndrome in Sana’a city, Yemen: Implications of Low IgG Seroprevalence
Asmaa A. H. Al-Awadi, Rashad Abdul‑Ghani, Abdulsalam M. Al-Mekhlafi
Acta Parasitologica.2022; 67(1): 530. CrossRef
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Microbial Pathogenesis.2019; 129: 30. CrossRef
A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate, Yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission
Mohammed A. K. Mahdy, Lina M. Q. Alareqi, Rashad Abdul-Ghani, Samira M. A. Al-Eryani, Abdullah A. Al-Mikhlafy, Abdulsalam M. Al-Mekhlafi, Fawzya Alkarshy, Rohela Mahmud
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Petra Kucerova, Monika Cervinkova
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Behrouz Ezatpour, Mohammad Zibaie, Hessam Rahmati, Yadollah Pournia, Mehdi Azami, Farzad Ebrahimzadeh, Mozhgan Azadpour, Maryam Jamshidian Ghalesefidi
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Intestinal Helminthic Infections Diagnosed by Colonoscopy in a Regional Hospital during 2001-2008: Do, Kyong Rock , Cho, Young Seok , Kim, Hyung Keun , Hwang, Byung Hee , Shin, Eun Jung , Jeong, Hae Bin , Kim, Sung Soo , Chae, Hiun Suk , Choi, Myung Gyu; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):75-78.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.75

Abstract
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The present study investigated characteristics of 24 parasite infection cases detected during colonoscopy in a regional hospital from January 2001 to December 2008. Sixteen patients were confirmed with Trichuris trichiura infection, 6 patients were with Ascaris lumbricoides infection, 1 patient with Enterobius vermicularis infection, and 1 patient with Anisakis infection. Among them, 7 patients (43.8%) were asymptomatic. Colonoscopy findings were normal in 18 patients (75.0%). Among the patients with T. trichiura infection, colonoscopy showed several erosions in 2 patients (8.3%) and non-specific inflammation of the affected segment of the colon in 3 patients (12.5%). In 1 patient with anisakiasis, colonoscopy revealed a markedly swollen colonic wall. Stool examinations were performed before treatment in 7 patients (29.2%) and were all negative for parasite eggs or worms. These results suggest that colonoscopy is a useful diagnostic approach for parasitic infections even for asymptomatic patients and for patients with negative stool examinations.

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Tetsuro Takasaki, Toru Yamada, Junji Kinoshita, Yasuaki Motomura
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Parasitic infections and medical expenses according to Health Insurance Review Assessment claims data in South Korea, 2011–2018
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Tagore Sunkara, Santosh R. Sharma, Andrew Ofosu
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Identifying Helminth Infections via Routine Fecal Parasitological Examinations in Korea
Goh Eun Chung, Changhyun Lee, Jong In Yang, Seung Ho Choi, Joo Sung Kim, Jeong Yoon Yim, Hae Yeon Kang, Su Jin Chung, Min-Sun Kwak
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Ashish Kumar Jha, Mahesh Kumar Goenka, Arya Suchismita
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2017; 36(5): 420. CrossRef
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Woon-Mok Sohn, Jung-Mi Kang, Byoung-Kuk Na
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Endoscopic imaging of parasites in the human digestive tract
Naoki Hosoe, Haruhiko Ogata, Toshifumi Hibi
Parasitology International.2014; 63(1): 216. CrossRef
Parasitic Infections Based on 320 Clinical Samples Submitted to Hanyang University, Korea (2004-2011)
Sung-Chul Choi, Soo-Young Lee, Hyun-Ouk Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Myoung-Hee Ahn
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Young-Eun Kim, Hee Jae Huh, Yu-Yean Hwang, Nam Yong Lee
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Gentaro Taniguchi, Akihito Nagahara, Kenshi Matsumoto, Hideaki Ritsuno, Yuki Igusa, Hitoshi Sasaki, Hiroki Mori, Kazuko Beppu, Tomoyoshi Shibuya, Naoto Sakamoto, Taro Osada, Masato Kawabe, Takeshi Terai, Tatsuo Ogihara, Sumio Watanabe
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Longevity of Toxocara cati Larvae and Pathology in Tissues of Experimentally Infected Chickens: Oryan, Ahmad , Sadjjadi, Seyyed Mahmoud , Azizi, Shahrzad; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):79-80.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.79

Abstract
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This study was conducted to determine the distribution patterns and duration of stay of Toxocara cati larvae in organs of chickens and to investigate chronic phase and potential zoonotic risk of toxocariasis in chickens. Chickens were orally infected with 1,000 embryonated T. cati eggs and necropsied 240 days post-infection. Organs of the chickens were examined at gross and microscopic levels; tissues were digested to recover larvae. Peribronchiolitis with infiltration of lymphocytes, and hyperplasia of bronchiolar associated lymphatic tissues (BALT) and goblet cells, were evident in the lungs of infected chickens. There were mild hemorrhages and infiltration of lymphocytes and a few eosinophils in the meninges. Larvae were recovered from 30% of the exposed chickens. Larvae recovery indicated that T. cati larvae stay alive for at least 240 days in the chicken brain. Therefore, chickens may potentially act as a paratenic host in nature and transfer T. cati larvae to other hosts.

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Mohammad Ebrahimipour, Hamid Parsa, Nazanin Kianifard, Saeid Nasibi, Ali Rostami
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Jairo Alfonso Mendoza Roldan, Domenico Otranto
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Detection of larvae of Toxocara cati and T. tanuki from the muscles of free-ranging layer farm chickens
Natsuki Okada, Hong-Kean Ooi, Kensuke Taira
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Toxocariasis of the Nervous System
Maria Meliou, Ioannis N. Mavridis, Efstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis, Eleni Agapiou
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Chickens bred extensively as sentinels from soil contamination by Toxocara
Adriana Lebram von Sohsten, Aristeu Vieira da Silva, Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, Ilmara Simony Freitas Santana, Joelande Esquivel Correia, Luciara Alves da Cruz, Ellen Monteiro Ribeiro Santos, Priscylla Marcelly Vilanova Oliveira
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Adrienne F. French, Fernanda Castillo-Alcala, Kristene R. Gedye, Wendi D. Roe, Brett D. Gartrell
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E. V. N. Beshay, S. A. El-Refai, G. S. Sadek, A. A. Elbadry, F. H. Shalan, A. F. Afifi
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Natural infection of free-range chickens with the ascarid nematode Toxocara sp.
Danielle R. Campos-da-Silva, Jeanne S. da Paz, Viviane R. Fortunato, Marcus A. V. Beltrame, Luis C. P. Valli, Fausto E. L. Pereira
Parasitology Research.2015; 114(11): 4289. CrossRef
Neurotoxocarosis: marked preference of Toxocara canis for the cerebrum and T. cati for the cerebellum in the paratenic model host mouse
Elisabeth Janecek, Andreas Beineke, Thomas Schnieder, Christina Strube
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Toxocara spp. infections in paratenic hosts
Christina Strube, Lea Heuer, Elisabeth Janecek
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Toxocara cati larvae persist and retain high infectivity in muscles of experimentally infected chickens
Kensuke Taira, Yasuhide Saitoh, Christian M.O. Kapel
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Surveys of Gynaecotyla squatarolae and Microphallus koreana (Digenea: Microphallidae) Metacercariae in Two Species of Estuarine Crabs in Western Coastal Areas, Korea: Lee, Hye Jung , Chai, Jong Yil , Lee, Jin Woo , Jin, Ho , Min, Kwan Hong , Cho, Yong Jun , Seo, Min; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):81-83.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.81

Abstract
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To figure out the geographical distribution of Gynaecotyla squatarolae and Microphallus koreana metacercariae in Korea, shore crabs of southwestern coastal areas were examined. Eight coastal areas in Inchon-si (A), Gyeonggi-do (B), Chungcheongnam-do (C, D, and E), Jeollabuk-do (F), and Jeollanam-do (G and H) were selected, and 2 kinds of crabs, Macrophthalmus dilatatus and/or Macrophthalmus japonicus, were caught. After transportation to the laboratory, 15 crabs per each group were grouped and ground in a mortar and pestle, and examined for microphallid metacercariae. In M. dilatatus, G. squatarolae metacercariae were recovered from 3 (C, E, and H) out of 6 regions, but M. koreana metacercariae were not recovered. In the case of M. japonicus, G. squatarolae metacercariae were recovered from 6 (B, D, E, F, G, and H) of 7 areas surveyed, and M. koreana matacercariae were detected from 5 regions (A, B, D, F, and H). These results indicate that the life cycle of G. squatarolae is maintained in the western coastal areas using M. dilatatus and M. japonicus as intermediate hosts, while that of M. koreana is maintained only using M. japonicus.

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Voleentina Devi Athokpam, Lalit Mohan Goswami, Veena Tandon
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Kiyun Park, Chamilani Nikapitiya, Won-Seok Kim, Tae-Soo Kwak, Ihn-Sil Kwak
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Jong Sik Jung, Nam Hee Kwon, Ga Won Jeon, Jong Beom Sin
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Parasitology International.2011; 60(2): 227. CrossRef
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Ok-Sik Chung, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Hye-Jung Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(4): 457. CrossRef
Discovery ofMaritrema jebuensisn. sp. (Digenea: Microphallidae) from the Asian Shore Crab,Hemigrapsus sanguineus, in Korea
Ok-Sik Chung, Hye-Jung Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Seung-Ha Lee, Il-Yong Park, Sang-Ah Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2010; 48(4): 335. CrossRef

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Analysis of Parasitic Diseases Diagnosed by Tissue Biopsy Specimens at KyungHee Medical Center (1984-2005) in Seoul, Korea: Choi, Won Hyung , Chu, Jong Phil , Jiang, Meihua , Lee, Yun Sik , Kim, Bum Shik , Kim, Deog Gon , Park, Yong Koo; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):85-88.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.85

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We analyzed parasitic diseases diagnosed by tissue biopsy specimens at KyungHee Medical Center (KMC) from 1984 to 2005. The total number of parasite infection cases was 150 (0.07%) out of the total 211,859 biopsy specimens submitted for histopathological examinations. They consisted of 62 cysticercosis, 23 sparganosis, 16 paragonimiasis, 15 amebiasis, 11 anisakiasis, 11 clonorchiasis, 3 ascariasis, 2 scabies, 2 enterobiasis, 2 trichuriasis, 1 leishmaniasis, 1 taeniasis, and 1 thelaziasis. Out of 62 cysticercosis cases, 55 were detected in subcutaneous tissues or the central nerve system. Eighteen out of 23 sparganosis cases were involved in muscular and subcutaneous tissues. In most anisakiasis cases, the involved organ was the stomach. The lung and the pleura were the most common site of paragonimiasis. The incidence of parasitic diseases during the first 5 years (1984-1988) was the highest of all observed periods. After 1989, similar incidences were shown throughout the period. Whereas cysticercosis was diagnosed in 34 cases during 1984-1988, no case has been diagnosed since 2000. In the case of sparganosis, the chronological incidence was almost uniform throughout the period 1984-2005. Paragonimiasis showed a similar tendency to cysticercosis. In gender and age distribution of parasitic diseases, men showed higher incidence rates than females, and the age groups of the 40s or older indicated higher infection frequencies than other age groups. Therefore, these results are a significant report to appear the tendency of human parasitic disease diagnosed by tissue biopsy in association with parasitosis at KMC in Seoul.

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Letters

Double Strand Problems: Reverse DNA Sequences Deposited in the DNA Database: Thaenkham, Urusa , Nawa, Yukifumi; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):89-90.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.89

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To: Urusa Thaenkham and Yukifumi Nawa Double Strand Problems: Reverse DNA Sequences Deposited in the DNA Database: Huh, Sun; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):91-91.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.91

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Published Erratum

High Prevalence of Haplorchis taichui, Phaneropsolus molenkampi, and Other Helminth Infections among People in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR: Chai, Jong Yil , Han, Eun Taek , Shin, Eun Hee , Sohn, Woon Mok , Yong, Tai Soon , Eom, Keeseon S , Min, Duk Young , Um, Jin Young , Park, Min Sung , Hoang, Eui Hyug , Phommasack, Bounlay , Insisiengmay, Bounnaloth , Lee, Soon Hyung , Rim, Han Jong; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):93-93.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.93

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The article 'High Prevalence of Haplorchis taichui, Phaneropsolus molenkampi, and Other Helminth Infections among People in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR' authored by Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Duk-Young Min, Jin-Young Um, Min-Sung Park, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Soon-Hyung Lee and Han-Jong Rim, published in the September issue (Vol. 47, No. 3) of The Korean Journal of Parasitology (2009), has an erratum. The genus name of a parasite in the title was mistakenly given as Phaneropsolus. It should be corrected as Prosthodendrium. The Korean Journal of Parasitology apologizes to the readers for this error.