The metacercariae of the genus Stictodora encysted in gobies, Acanthogobius flavimanus, purchased from a local market of Haenam-gun, Chollanam-do, were identified as those of S. fuscatum. A total of 1,437 metacercariae were collected from 30 gobies and some of them were orally fed to cats in order to obtain the adult worms. The metacercariae were 0.194-0.301 mm by 0.168-0.270 mm in size, yellowish brown, round to elliptical, and with a thin and transparent cyst wall. The excysted larvae were 0.280-0.423 mm long and 0.150-0.184 mm wide, beset with numerous tegumental spines on the anterior half of the body, and equipped with a characteristic ventrogenital sac. Total 21 adult worms were recovered from 2 cats 7 days after infection. The adult worms were small, leaf-like, 0.514-0.918 mm long and 0.235-0.377 mm wide. The ventrogenital sac was elliptical and its gonotyl was armed with 13-18 spines which were radially arranged and appeared as fan-shape. It has been confirmed that A. flavimanus is a second intermediate host of S. fuscatum in Korea.
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A highly endemic focus of human infection with Heterophyes nocens (Heterophyidae) was discovered from a small coastal village of Shinan-gun, Chollanam-do, for the first time in Korea. Fecal examinations by cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques revealed 42.9% heterophyid egg positive rate out of 98 inhabitants examined. It was difficult to confirm the species of heterophyids only by eggs. In order to collect the adult flukes, the egg positive cases were treated with 10 mg/kg single dose of praziquantel and purged with magnesium sulfate, and the adult worms were collected from the diarrheic stools. From each of 18 cooperative patients 1 to 1,124 (total 4,730) H. nocens worms were recovered, together with a few to large numbers of heterophyids (Pygidiopsis summa, Stictodora fuscatum) and/or gymnophallids (Gymnophalloides seoi). It is speculated that H. nocens might be widely distributed along the southwestern coastal areas where the brackish water fish such as the mullets or gobies are popularly eaten raw.
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Two endemic foci of heterophyids and other intestinal fluke infections in southern and western coastal areas in Korea JY Chai, TE Song, ET Han, SM Guk, YK Park, MH Choi, SH Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1998; 36(3): 155. CrossRef
A new endemic focus of Heterophyes nocens, Pygidiopsis summa, and other intestinal flukes in a coastal area of Muan-gun, Chollanam-do J Y Chai, I M Kim, M Seo, S M Guk, J L Kim, W M Sohn, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1997; 35(4): 233. CrossRef
One human case of natural infection by Heterophyopsis continua and three other species of intestinal trematodes S J Hong, C K Chung, D H Lee, H C Woo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1996; 34(1): 87. CrossRef
An epidemiological survey was performed to know the infection status of heterophyid fluke metacercariae in the brackish water fishes purchased from a local market in Haenam-gun, Chollanam-do, Korea from November to December, 1991. A total 20 out of 30 shads (Konosirus punctatus) examined were infected with the metacercariae of H. continua (average number of larvae per an infected fish: 2.7). Of 20 perches (Lateolabrax japonicus), 19 were infected with the metacercariae of H. continua (average number per an infected fish: 17.2). Of 30 mullets (Mugil cephalus) examined, 11 were infected with the metacercariae of H. nocens (average number per an infected fish: 51.5), 10 mullets harboured 31 and 349 metacercariae of P. summa and S. fuscatum respectively. Of 30 gobies (Acanthogobius flavimanus) examined, 3 were infected with the metacercariae of H.
nocens (average number per an infected fish: 32.0), 8 with those of H. continua (average number per an infected fish: 12.6) and 3 with those of S. fuscatum. From the above results, it has been confirmed that the brackish water fish from Haenam-gun, Chollanam-do are infected with numerous metacercariae of H. nocens, H. continua, P. summa and S.
fuscatum.
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Wistar rats were induced of Pneumocystis carinii infection by injection with methyl-prednisolone to correlate the cyst counts and numbers of nuclei. Seven sections of the lungs were examined by impression smears and also whole lung homogenates were screened for nucleus counting for each rat.
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Nine rabbits were fed with Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae (MC) and the blood samples chronologically obtained were analyzed biochemically. Rabbits infected by less than 100 flukes were grouped into Group I, and by 100-250 flukes into Group II. The serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was increased from 3 weeks after the infection of the metacercariae (AIM) and showed a peak at 8 weeks, and decreased from 12 weeks AIM. The serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was raised to 92.3 +/- 65.4 U/L at 3 weeks AIM and stayed high until 8 weeks, then lowered thereafter. The serum level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) was increased rapidly to the highest value (18.9 +/- 14.6 U/L) at 16 weeks AIM, and decreased to the control level after 20 weeks. The serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was headed down from the early infection to 52 weeks AIM. The serum cholesterol level was increased from 8 weeks and reached at a peak 16 weeks AIM, and decreased thereafter to the control level. It is suggested that serum ALT, AST, ALP and gamma-GT tests be useful to diagnose the early infection of C. sinensis.
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Malaria is estimated to have a worldwide incidence of more than 100 million clinical cases and approximately 1 million deaths per year. Korea, although previously known as an endemic area of tertian malaria (Plasmodium vivax), has been considered free from malaria as there had been no report on indigenous cases since 1984. Recently, however, we experienced an indigenous case of P. vivax infection in a young man who had never been abroad. The patient was a 23-year-old Korean soldier with 18-day history of recurrent fever and chill lasting 4 to 8 hours on alternative days since mid-July 1993. He had lived in Changwon, Kyongsangnam-do, before entering barracks located in Paju-gun, Kyonggi-do on June 1992, and had never been out of Korea. He had no history of blood transfusion nor parenteral use of drugs. The peripheral blood smears showed typical ring forms, trophozoites, and gametocytes of P. vivax, in addition to mild anemia and thrombocytopenia. After confirmation of the diagnosis, he was treated with hydroxychloroquine and primaquine. Follow-up blood smears no more revealed malaria parasites. It is not certain whether the present case is due to a resurgence of indigenous malaria or a secondary infection from introduced malaria.
Whichever the source of infection the domestic occurrence of malaria cycle in Korea should be a warning sign in public health point of view.
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Echinostomiasis is an endemic intestinal trematodiasis of humans in Korea. We observed a human case of Echinostoma hortense infection who had ulcerations on the duodenal mucosa. A 55-year old man living in Hamyang-gun, Kyongnam, complained of epigastric pain with hematemesis in April 1994. Endoscopy revealed lesions of early gastric cancer and duodenal ulcerations. A penetrating parasite into the duodenal mucosa was picked out, and identified as E.
hortense. As the patient was treated with praziquantel 10 mg/kg single dose, 3 more E. hortense and 7 Metagonimus worms were recovered. This case demonstrates that echinostomiasis causes gross ulcerations in the duodenum.
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