Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"18S rRNA"

Brief Communications

Standard- and large-sized eggs of Trichuris trichiura in the feces of schoolchildren in the Yangon Region, Myanmar: Morphological and molecular analyses: Seungwan Ryoo, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Hyemi Song, Hyun-Seung Kim, Jin-Youp Ryu, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin, Jong-Yil Chai; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(3):317-324.
Published online August 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23059

Standard- and large-sized eggs of Trichuris trichiura were found in the feces of schoolchildren in Yangon, Myanmar during epidemiological surveys and mass deworming with albendazole in 2017-2019. The standard-sized eggs were identified as those of T. trichiura, but it was necessary to exclude the possibility of the large-sized eggs belonging to Trichuris vulpis, a dog whipworm. We conducted morphological and molecular studies to determine the species of the 2 types of Trichuris eggs. Individual eggs of both sizes were isolated from Kato-Katz fecal smears (n=20) and mechanically destroyed using a 23G injection needle. Nuclear DNA was extracted, and the 18S rRNA region was sequenced in 15 standard-sized eggs and 15 large-sized eggs. The average size of standard-sized eggs (T. trichiura) was 55.2×26.1 μm (range: 51.7-57.6×21.3-28.0 μm; n=97), whereas the size of large-sized eggs was 69.3×32.0 μm (range: 65.1-76.4×30.1-34.5 μm; n=20), slightly smaller than the known size of T. vulpis. Regarding standard-sized eggs, the 18S rRNA nucleotide sequences exhibited 100% homology with T. trichiura deposited in GenBank and 88.6-90.5% homology with T. vulpis. Regarding large-sized eggs, the nucleotide sequences showed 99.8-100% homology with T. trichiura in GenBank and 89.6-90.7% homology with T. vulpis. Both standard- and large-sized eggs of Trichuris spp. found in Myanmar schoolchildren during 2017-2019 were morphologically and molecularly confirmed to belong to T. trichiura. The conversion of eggs from smaller to large sizes might be due to anthelmintic treatments with albendazole.

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Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef

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Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Blastocystis in Korean Dogs: Sangsu Suh, Haeseung Lee, Min-Goo Seo, Kyoo-Tae Kim, Kyung-Yeon Eo, Young-Sam Kwon, Sang-Joon Park, Oh-Deog Kwon, Tae-Hwan Kim, Dongmi Kwak; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(4):289-293.
Published online August 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.4.289

Abstract
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Blastocystis is a genus of unicellular heterokont parasites belonging to a group of organisms known as Stramenopiles, which includes algae, diatoms, and water molds. Blastocystis includes several species that habitat in the gastrointestinal tracts of organisms as diverse as humans, farm animals, birds, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and cockroaches. It is important to public health and distributed globally, but its prevalence in dogs in Korea has not been reported to date. Here, we collected 787 canine fecal samples and assessed Blastocystis infection by age, sex, region, season, and diarrhea symptoms. We determined Blastocystis subtypes using phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA gene sequences. We identified, 10 Blastocystis positive samples (1.3%). A higher proportion of infected dogs was asymptomatic; however, infection rates did not significantly differ according to region, age, sex, and season. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Blastocystis sp. identified belonged to 4 subtypes (STs), ST1, ST5, ST10, and ST14, thus revealed the genetic diversity of Blastocystis sp. in dogs Korean. This is first report on the presence of Blastocystis sp. in dogs Korean. This study revealed a lower infection rate than expected and differed from previous studies in STs. Further studies are warranted to observe the national infection status of Blastocystis in dogs and the genetic characteristics of this genus.

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Prevalence and molecular characterization of intestinal parasites in shelter dogs from South Korea
You-Jeong Lee, Beoul Kim, Gyeonghyeon Lee, Yong-Myung Kang, Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
Research in Veterinary Science.2025; 188: 105620. CrossRef
High prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in farmed sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Northern China
Zhen-Qiu Gao, Yang Gao, Hong-Di Zhuang, Guang-Rong Bao, Jing Liu, Jian-Ming Li, Nian-Yu Xue, Hong-Wei Cao, Shuo Liu
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular analysis of Rickettsia spp. and related tick-borne pathogens detected in dogs in Korea
Kyoo-Tae Kim, Min-Goo Seo
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First identification of Blastocystis sp. subtypes in Rex rabbits in China
Miaomiao Zhang, Junchen Zhang, Jingjing Sun, Shuying Zhu, Huiyan Xu, Xiaoying Li, Longxain Zhang, Junqiang Li
Parasitology Research.2023; 122(5): 1079. CrossRef

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Molecular Detection and Subtyping of Blastocystis in Korean Pigs: Seunghyun Paik, Byeong Yeal Jung, Haeseung Lee, Mi-Hye Hwang, Jee Eun Han, Man Hee Rhee, Tae-Hwan Kim, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(5):525-529.
Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.525

Abstract
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Blastocystis is one of the most commonly detected genera of protozoan parasites in the human intestines as well as the intestines of many other species such as pigs in several geographical regions worldwide. However, no studies have examined Blastocystis in pigs in Korea. In this study, PCR and nucleotide sequencing were performed to evaluate the genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis using pig fecal samples. We obtained 646 stool samples from groups of piglets, weaners, growers, finishers, and sows in Korea. A total of 390 Blastocystis-positive samples were identified, and the infection rate was 60.4%. The infection rates were significantly related to age and region. The 4 subtypes (STs) of Blastocystis confirmed by phylogenetic analysis were ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST5, indicating the high genetic diversity of Blastocystis in Korean pigs. ST5 was highly distributed in Korean pigs among detected STs in this study. Some sequences were closely related to those of Blastocystis isolated from humans. This is the first study of Blastocystis in pigs in Korea. Based on the results, Blastocystis is prevalent in Korean pigs. Although a small number of samples were obtained in some areas, the clinical development of Blastocystis infection in pigs and potential for human transmission should be further examined.

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Jinnat Rehena, Anas Bin Harun, Abdullah Al Bayazid, Md. Farhan Hasan, Tania Sultana, Ainun Nahar, Joynti Saha, Mokammel Hossain Tito, Shuvo Singha, S. H. M. Faruk Siddiki, M. Nazmul Hoque, Md Robiul Karim
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Aya Masuda, Yukino Matsuda, Tetsuya Horikita, Jun Matsumoto
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Subin Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Dongmi Kwak, Sang-Myeong Lee, Wan-Kyu Lee, Jae-Won Byun, Seung-Hun Lee
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Original Articles

Molecular Identification of Sarcocystis grueneri in Wild Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus): Hye-won Kim, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Si-Yun Ryu, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Do-Hyeon Yu, Jinho Park, Joon-Seok Chae, Bae-Keun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(2):129-134.
Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.129

Abstract
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The cysts of Sarcocystis grueneri were detected and characterized from the cardiac muscles of the Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Of the 38 heart muscle samples examined by light microscopy, 10 were found infected with the cysts of Sarcocystis sp. The cysts appeared oval to spherical shape and measured 110-380 μm in length and 90-170 μm in width. A phylogenetic tree of the 18S rRNA sequences (1.5 kb) revealed a close relationship of the infected cysts to genus Sarcocystis. The 18S rRNA sequence of the infected cysts showed 100% identity to S. grueneri and 97% to S. capracanis. Here, we first report the S. grueneri infections in the Korean water deer.

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Fasciola hepatica infection in Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus)
Na-Hyeon Kim, Min-Gyeong Seo, Bumseok Kim, Yu Jeong Jeon, In Jung Jung, Il-Hwa Hong
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(3): 243. CrossRef
High prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in the Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus): Third-generation sequencing resolves mixed infections
Sinah Lückner, Gastón Moré, Iris Marti, Caroline F. Frey, Javier E. Fernandez, Chahrazed Belhout, Walter Basso
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2025; 28: 101140. CrossRef
Metastatic Osteosarcoma of the Distal Femur in a Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus)
Min-Gyeong Seo, Inhey Hong, Bumseok Kim, Jong-Hyun Kim, Changgeun Kang, Il-Hwa Hong
Journal of Wildlife Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
First Report of Sarcocystis pilosa from a Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Released for the Re-Introduction Project in South Korea
Yeonghoon Jo, Sook Jin Lee, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Seongjun Choe, Dong-Hyuk Jeong
Animals.2023; 14(1): 89. CrossRef

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Detection and Identification of Sarcocystis cruzi (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) by Molecular and Ultrastructural Studies in Naturally Infected Korean Cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) from Daejeon, Korea: Tong-Il Choi, Eui-Ju Hong, Si-Yun Ryu, Cheolho Sim, Joon-Seok Chae, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Jinho Park, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Do-Hyeon Yu, Jae-Gyu Yoo, Bae-Keun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(2):121-127.
Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.121

Abstract
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To survey the prevalence of Sarcocystis infections, 210 heart samples were collected from Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) at an abattoir in Daejeon Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea. Sarcocysts were detected form 31 specimens (14.8%) and identified as Sarcocystis cruzi via transmission electron microscopy. The wall of S. cruzi has flattened protrusions that did not contain fibrils or microfilaments. The protrusions arose irregularly from the base, contained a fine granular substance, lacked internal microfilaments, and measured approximately 0.21-1.25 μm in length and 0.05-0.07 μm in width. Sequence analysis revealed 99.5% homology to S. cruzi. This is the first report on the prevalence of S. cruzi in native cattle from the Republic of Korea.

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Nagwa I. Toaleb, Raafat M. Shaapan, Haitham Elaadli, Kadria N. Abdel Megeed, Dina Aboelsoued
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Infection survey, molecular, pathogenicity, and morphological characteristics of Sarcocystis species naturally infected water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Egypt
Lamiaa K. Elsharkawy, Safaa M. Barghash, Basma M. Abou El-Nour, Wafaa Labib, Al-Shaimaa M. Sadek
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Molecular Identification, Pathogenesis, and Life Cycle of Sarcocystis cruzi from Cattle (Bos taurus) in New Valley Governorate, Egypt
Mohammed B. M. El-Mahdi, Soheir A. Rabie, Reda M. El-S. Hassanine, Amal A. Hassan, Obaida F. Abo Elhussien, Mamdooh Ghoneum, Mohamed S. A. El-Gerbed, Eric Agola Lelo
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Molecular Epidemiology, Species Distribution, and Zoonotic Importance of the Neglected Meat-Borne Pathogen Sarcocystis spp. in Cattle (Bos taurus): A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Morteza Shams, Laya Shamsi, Ali Asghari, Mohammad Hossein Motazedian, Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin, Mostafa Omidian, Naser Nazari, Alireza Sadrebazzaz
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Yali Sun, Jinling Ju, Xiaoxue Su, Caiying Xie, Ying Li, Ming Kang
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Sameh Abuseir
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D. A. Laksemi, L. T. Suwanti, M. Mufasirin, K. Suastika, M. Sudarmaja
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Hyeon Cheol Kim, Eui Ju Hong, Si Yun Ryu, Jinho Park, Jeong Gon Cho, Do Hyeon Yu, Joon Seok Chae, Kyoung Seong Choi, Bae Keun Park
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Nazila Sarafraz, Adel Spotin, Ali Haniloo, Asghar Fazaeli
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Brief Communications

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. from Wild Rodents and Insectivores in South Korea: Juha Song, C-Yoon Kim, Seo-Na Chang, Tamer Said Abdelkader, Juhee Han, Tae-Hyun Kim, Hanseul Oh, Ji Min Lee, Dong-Su Kim, Jong-Taek Kim, Hong-Shik Oh, Moonsuk Hur, Jae-Hwa Suh, Jae-Hak Park; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):737-743.
Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.737

Abstract
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In order to examine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in wild rodents and insectivores of South Korea and to assess their potential role as a source of human cryptosporidiosis, a total of 199 wild rodents and insectivore specimens were collected from 10 regions of South Korea and screened for Cryptosporidium infection over a period of 2 years (2012-2013). A nested-PCR amplification of Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene fragment revealed an overall prevalence of 34.2% (68/199). The sequence analysis of 18S rRNA gene locus of Cryptosporidium was performed from the fecal and cecum samples that tested positive by COWP amplification PCR. As a result, we identified 4 species/genotypes; chipmunk genotype I, cervine genotype I, C. muris, and a new genotype which is closely related to the bear genotype. The new genotype isolated from 12 Apodemus agrarius and 2 Apodemus chejuensis was not previously identified as known species or genotype, and therefore, it is supposed to be a novel genotype. In addition, the host spectrum of Cryptosporidium was extended to A. agrarius and Crosidura lasiura, which had not been reported before. In this study, we found that the Korean wild rodents and insectivores were infected with various Cryptosporidium spp. with large intra-genotypic variationa, indicating that they may function as potential reservoirs transmitting zoonotic Cryptosporidium to livestock and humans.

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Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Analyses of Ascaris Eggs Discovered in Coprolites from Joseon Tomb: Chang Seok Oh, Min Seo, Jong Ha Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Seung Whan Oh, Jun Bum Park, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(2):237-242.
Published online April 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.237

Abstract
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Analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA) extracted from Ascaris is very important for understanding the phylogenetic lineage of the parasite species. When aDNAs obtained from a Joseon tomb (SN2-19-1) coprolite in which Ascaris eggs were identified were amplified with primers for cytochrome b (cyt b) and 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene, the outcome exhibited Ascaris specific amplicon bands. By cloning, sequencing, and analysis of the amplified DNA, we obtained information valuable for comprehending genetic lineage of Ascaris prevalent among pre-modern Joseon peoples.

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Estimation of parasite infection prevalence of Joseon people by paleoparasitological data updates from the ancient feces of pre-modern Korean mummies
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Ancient Ascaris DNA Sequences of Cytochrome B, Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 1, NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 1, and Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 Genes from Korean Joseon Mummy Feces
Jong Ha Hong, Chang Seok Oh, Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai, Dong Hoon Shin
Journal of Parasitology.2017; 103(6): 795. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Genetic Characterization of Clinical Acanthamoeba Isolates from Japan using Nuclear and Mitochondrial Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA: Md Moshiur Rahman, Kenji Yagita, Akira Kobayashi, Yosaburo Oikawa, Amjad I.A. Hussein, Takahiro Matsumura, Masaharu Tokoro; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):401-411.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.401

Abstract
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Because of an increased number of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) along with associated disease burdens, medical professionals have become more aware of this pathogen in recent years. In this study, by analyzing both the nuclear 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene loci, 27 clinical Acanthamoeba strains that caused AK in Japan were classified into 3 genotypes, T3 (3 strains), T4 (23 strains), and T5 (one strain). Most haplotypes were identical to the reference haplotypes reported from all over the world, and thus no specificity of the haplotype distribution in Japan was found. The T4 sub-genotype analysis using the 16S rRNA gene locus also revealed a clear sub-conformation within the T4 cluster, and lead to the recognition of a new sub-genotype T4i, in addition to the previously reported sub-genotypes T4a-T4h. Furthermore, 9 out of 23 strains in the T4 genotype were identified to a specific haplotype (AF479533), which seems to be a causal haplotype of AK. While heterozygous nuclear haplotypes were observed from 2 strains, the mitochondrial haplotypes were homozygous as T4 genotype in the both strains, and suggested a possibility of nuclear hybridization (mating reproduction) between different strains in Acanthamoeba. The nuclear 18S rRNA gene and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene loci of Acanthamoeba spp. possess different unique characteristics usable for the genotyping analyses, and those specific features could contribute to the establishment of molecular taxonomy for the species complex of Acanthamoeba.

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Molecular Identification and Real-time Quantitative PCR (qPCR) for Rapid Detection of Thelohanellus kitauei, a Myxozoan Parasite Causing Intestinal Giant Cystic Disease in the Israel Carp: Jung Soo Seo, Eun Ji Jeon, Moo Sang Kim, Sung Ho Woo, Jin Do Kim, Sung Hee Jung, Myoung Ae Park, Bo Young Jee, Jin Woo Kim, Yi-Cheong Kim, Eun Hye Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):103-111.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.103

Abstract
PDF

Intestinal giant-cystic disease (IGCD) of the Israel carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) has been recognized as one of the most serious diseases afflicting inland farmed fish in the Republic of Korea, and Thelohanellus kitauei has been identified as the causative agent of the disease. Until now, studies concerning IGCD caused by T. kitauei in the Israel carp have been limited to morphological and histopathological examinations. However, these types of diagnostic examinations are relatively time-consuming, and the infection frequently cannot be detected in its early stages. In this study, we cloned the full-length 18S rRNA gene of T. kitauei isolated from diseased Israel carps, and carried out molecular identification by comparing the sequence with those of other myxosporeans. Moreover, conventional PCR and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) using oligonucleotide primers for the amplification of 18S rRNA gene fragment were established for further use as methods for rapid diagnosis of IGCD. Our results demonstrated that both the conventional PCR and real-time quantitative PCR systems applied herein are effective for rapid detection of T. kitauei spores in fish tissues and environmental water.

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International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2016; 5(2): 139. CrossRef
The life cycle of Thelohanellus kitauei (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) infecting common carp (Cyprinus carpio) involves aurantiactinomyxon in Branchiura sowerbyi
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Natural occurrence of Mycobacterium as an endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba isolated from a contact lens storage case: Hak Sun Yu, Hae Jin Jeong, Yeon-Chul Hong, Seong-Yong Seol, Dong-Il Chung, Hyun-Hee Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):11-18.
Published online March 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.11

Abstract
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Recent in vitro studies have revealed that a certain Mycobacterium can survive and multiply within free-living amoebae. It is believed that protozoans function as host cells for the intracellular replication and evasion of Mycobacterium spp. under harmful conditions. In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of a bacterium naturally observed within an amoeba isolate acquired from a contact lens storage case. The bacterium multiplied within Acanthamoeba, but exerted no cytopathic effects on the amoeba during a 6-year amoebic culture. Trasnmission electron microscopy showed that the bacteria were randomly distributed within the cytoplasm of trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba. On the basis of the results of 18S rRNA gene analysis, the amoeba was identified as A. lugdunensis. A 16S rRNA gene analysis placed this bacterium within the genus Mycobacterium. The bacterium evidenced positive reactivity for acid-fast and fluorescent acid-fast stains. The bacterium was capable of growth on the Middlebrook 7H11-Mycobacterium-specific agar. The identification and characterization of bacterial endosymbionts of free-living protozoa bears significant implications for our understanding of the ecology and the identification of other atypical mycobacterial pathogens.

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Alfonso Iovieno, Dolena R. Ledee, Darlene Miller, Eduardo C. Alfonso
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PCR Detection and Molecular Characterization of Pentatrichomonas hominis from Feces of Dogs with Diarrhea in the Republic of Korea: Kim, Yun Ah , Kim, Hye Youn , Cho, Shin Hyeong , Cheun, Hyeong Il , Yu, Jae Ran , Lee, Sang Eun; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):9-13.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.9

Abstract
PDF

Pentatrichomonas hominis is considered a commensal protozoan in the large intestine of a number of mammalian hosts, such as cats, dogs, and non-human primates. The resulting infections, which can induce diarrhea, have been attributed to opportunistic overgrowth of P. hominis. This study was performed to confirm the P. hominis infection and its molecular characterization from the feces of puppies with diarrhea. Fecal samples were obtained from 14 German shepherd puppies with diarrhea over 1 week (7 females and 7 males, 2-9 months of age) residing on a dog farm in August 2007. Species-specific PCR assay identified P. hominis 18S rRNA genes in 3 of the 14 puppies (1 female and 2 males; 1 aged 2 months and 2 aged 9 months). This phylogenetic analysis established that P. hominis belonged to the 1st clade, which is comprised of Bos taurus and Felines.

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