Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"distribution"

Brief Communications

Distribution and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raccoon dogs in Korea: Heon-Moo Park, Haeseung Lee, Su-Jin Chae, Kidong Son, Sanghyun Lee, Kaifa Nazim, Seung-Hun Lee, Yoonhoi Koo, Jinsu Kang, Min-Goo Seo, Sang Joon Park, Man Hee Rhee, Dongmi Kwak; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(3):258-263.
Published online August 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25029

Abstract
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Enterocytozoon is a genus of microsporidian parasites, with Enterocytozoon bieneusi being a well-known species. It infects various mammalian hosts, including humans, and exhibits zoonotic potential. Out of the 97 fecal and intestinal samples collected from wild raccoon dogs in Korea, 12 (12.4%) tested positive for E. bieneusi via PCR, revealing 2 genotypes: genotype D and EbpA. Both genotypes were found to belong to the zoonotic Group 1. Notably, this study is the first to report the EbpA genotype in Korea. Although studies on E. bieneusi in raccoon dogs are relatively limited, the findings suggest potential public health concerns.

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Epidemiological Investigation of Tick Species from Near Domestic Animal Farms and Cattle, Goat, and Wild Boar in Korea: Jeong-Byoung Chae, Young-Sun Cho, Yoon-Kyoung Cho, Jun-Gu Kang, Nam-Shik Shin, Joon-Seok Chae; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(3):319-324.
Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.319

Abstract
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This study aimed to investigate the tick species and give background for tick-borne investigations in Korea. Ticks were collected from the area within 2 km radius of the 4 domestic animal farms, where they were located in mountainous areas and raising animals on pasture, and from animal bodies in 2014 and 2015. In total, 7,973 nymphal and adult ticks were collected from the farms - 7,758 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 198 Haemaphysalis flava, and 17 Ixodes nipponensis, and 1,763 were collected from animals - 729 H. longicornis from cattle; 569 H. longicornis from goats; and 297 H. longicornis, 118 H. flava, 1 I. nipponensis, and 49 Amblyomma testudinarium from wild boars. As more species of ticks were collected from wild boars than domesticated animals and their habitats, various animal hosts should be considered while investigating tick species.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Molecular characterization of tick genera Haemaphysalis, Ixodes, and Amblyomma in Korea
Subin Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Kyu-Sung Ahn, Jiwon Kim, So Youn Youn, Mi-Sun Yoo, Hyang-Sim Lee, Jae-Myung Kim, Dongmi Kwak, Sung Shik Shin, Seung-Hun Lee
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(3): 272. CrossRef
First Report of Bandavirus dabieense in Bats and Ticks Collected from Bat Habitats
Hye-Ryung Byun, Su-Jin Chae, Seong-Ryeong Ji, Jaehyoung Chong, Chul-Un Chung, Bumseok Kim, Hyesung Jeong, Joon-Seok Chae
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2025; 25(11): 671. CrossRef
Identification and knockdown effect of disulfide isomerase in the Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)
Md Samiul Haque, Bumseok Kim, Myung-Jo You
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
First genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Okutama tick virus in a tick collected from a raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in South Korea
Junho Yoon, Minjoo Yeom, Hai Quynh Do, Kyungmoon Lee, Jong-Woo Lim, Young Deok Suh, Do Na Lee, So-Eun Ryu, Jang-Hee Han, Dae Gwin Jeong, Seong Chan Yeon, Daesub Song
Virology Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Diel Activity Pattern of Haemaphysalis longicornis and Its Relationship with Climatic Factors
Byung-Eon Noh, Gi-hun Kim, Hak Seon Lee, Hyunwoo Kim, Hee-Il Lee
Insects.2024; 15(8): 568. CrossRef
Hard Tick Species Parasitism Levels in Domestic Ruminants with Their Distribution and Role as Vectors: A Detailed Global Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Hassan Nasirian
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 1. CrossRef
Comparative analysis of essential oil efficacy against the Asian longhorned tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)
Mohammad Saiful Islam, Md. Samiul Haque, Myung-Jo You
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(2): 217. CrossRef
Molecular cloning, identification, transcriptional analysis, and silencing of enolase on the life cycle of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari, Ixodidae) tick
Md. Samiul Haque, Md. Khalesur Rahman, Mohammad Saiful Islam, Myung-Jo You
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(2): 226. CrossRef
Haemaphysalis flava ticks as a competent vector of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus
Li-Zhu Fang, Xiao Xiao, Si-Cong Lei, Jian-Wei Liu, Xue-Jie Yu
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.2023; 14(2): 102100. CrossRef
Detailed new insights about tick infestations in domestic ruminant groups: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
Hassan Nasirian
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2022; 46(2): 526. CrossRef
Utility of ultra-rapid real-time PCR for detection and prevalence of Rickettsia spp. in ticks
A-Tai Truong, Bo-Ram Yun, Mi-Sun Yoo, Jiyeon Lim, Subin Min, Soon-Seek Yoon, Young-Min Yun, Jong-Taek Kim, Yun Sang Cho
BMC Veterinary Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Geographic distribution and modeling of ticks in the Republic of Korea and the application of tick models towards understanding the distribution of associated pathogenic agents
Heidi K. St. John, Penny Masuoka, Ju Jiang, Ratree Takhampunya, Terry A. Klein, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, Jin-Won Song, Yu-Jin Kim, Christina M. Farris, Allen L. Richards
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.2021; 12(4): 101686. CrossRef
Real-time PCR biochip for on-site detection of Coxiella burnetii in ticks
A.-Tai Truong, Bo-Ram Yun, Jiyeon Lim, Subin Min, Mi-Sun Yoo, Soon-Seek Yoon, Young-Min Yun, Jong-Taek Kim, Yun Sang Cho
Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Transmission Dynamics of African Swine Fever Virus, South Korea, 2019
Dae Sung Yoo, Younjung Kim, Eune Sub Lee, Jun Sik Lim, Seong Keun Hong, Il Seob Lee, Chung Sik Jung, Ha Chung Yoon, Sung Hwan Wee, Dirk U. Pfeiffer, Guillaume Fournié
Emerging Infectious Diseases.2021; 27(7): 1909. CrossRef
Hard Ticks as Vectors Tested Negative for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Ganghwa-do, Korea during 2019-2020
Kyoung Jin, Yeon-Ja Koh, Seong Kyu Ahn, Joonghee Cho, Junghwan Lim, Jaeyong Song, Jinyoung Lee, Young Woo Gong, Mun Ju Kwon, Hyung Wook Kwon, Young Yil Bahk, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 281. CrossRef
iSeq 100 for metagenomic pathogen screening in ticks
Ju Yeong Kim, Myung-hee Yi, Alghurabi Areej Sabri Mahdi, Tai-Soon Yong
Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Microbiome of Haemaphysalis longicornis Tick in Korea
Myungjun Kim, Ju Yeong Kim, Myung-hee Yi, In-Yong Lee, Dongeun Yong, Bo-Young Jeon, Tai-Soon Yong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(5): 489. CrossRef
Estimating severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome transmission using machine learning methods in South Korea
Giphil Cho, Seungheon Lee, Hyojung Lee
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Parasitizing Native Korean Goats (Capra hircus coreanae) in South Korea
Min-Goo Seo, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak
Pathogens.2020; 9(2): 71. CrossRef
Four Year Surveillance of the Vector Hard Ticks for SFTS, Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea
Myung-Deok Kim-Jeon, Seung Jegal, Hojong Jun, Haneul Jung, Seo Hye Park, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Young Woo Gong, Kwangsig Joo, Mun Ju Kwon, Jong Yul Roh, Wook-Gyo Lee, Young Yil Bahk, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 691. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Molecular Genetic Findings of Spirometra decipiens and S. ranarum in Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(4):359-364.
Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.4.359

Abstract
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The taxonomy of Spirometra species has been controversial despite the medical and veterinary importance. Currently, only a few Spirometra species are considered valid species in the genus Spirometra. In the present study, the distribution of Spirometra species obtained from animals in Korea were identified by molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene. A total of 28 Spirometra species specimens were analyzed. These were all collected between 1973 and 2008 in the Republic of Korea. Mitochondrial cox1 sequences were examined for a total of 28 specimens comprising 14 S. decipiens and 14 S. ranarum. The difference in partial cox1 sequences (316 bp) between S. erinaceieuropaei (KJ599680) and S. ranarum (this study) was 9.3%, while that between S. decipiens (KJ599679) and S. ranarum (this study) was 2.2%. Genetic analyses identified 2 Spirometra species in animals such as cat, leopard cat, dog, duck and snake in Korea as S. decipiens and S. ranarum. S. decipiens and S. ranarum were present in Gyeongnam Province (P), Jeonnam P, Gangwon P, Chungbuk P, and Seoul. S. decipiens was found in tadpoles, snakes, ducks, cats, leopard cats and dogs, while S. ranarum was found in cats and dogs. The ratio of S. decipiens:S. ranarum calculated from the molecular data was 14:14 (or 1:1). These results indicate that S. decipiens and S. ranarum are sympatrically distributed in Korea.

Citations

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A Global Review of the Zoonotic Potential and Disease Risks of Amphibian Parasites in Bullfrog Aquaculture
Meiqi Weng, Xinhua Liu, Chenxi Zhang, Rui Shu, Andrew Wang, Haotian Zhang, Xingqiang Wang, Huirong Yang, Jinyong Zhang
Reviews in Aquaculture.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Description of Spirometra asiana sp. nov. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) found in wild boars and hound dogs in Japan
Hiroshi Yamasaki, Hiromu Sugiyama, Yasuyuki Morishima, Hirotaka Kobayashi
Parasitology International.2024; 98: 102798. CrossRef
Identification of a Clinical Spirometra mansoni Plerocercoid Isolate Using Molecular and Morphological Data
Si Si Ru, Chi Cheng, Peng Jiang, Xi Zhang
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(2): 1304. CrossRef
Metabarcoding of pathogenic parasites based on copro-DNA analysis of wild animals in South Korea
Jun Ho Choi, Soo Lim Kim, Dong Kyun Yoo, Myung-hee Yi, Singeun Oh, Myungjun Kim, Sohyeon Yun, Tai-Soon Yong, Seongjun Choe, Jong Koo Lee, Ju Yeong Kim
Heliyon.2024; 10(9): e30059. CrossRef
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Wei Liu, Tengfang Gong, Shuyu Chen, Quan Liu, Haoying Zhou, Junlin He, Yong Wu, Fen Li, Yisong Liu
Animals.2022; 12(12): 1578. CrossRef
Morphological Characteristics and Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence Support the Existence of a New Spirometra Species, Spirometra Asiana, (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in the Wild Boar
Hiroshi Yamasaki, Hiromu Sugiyama, Yasuyuki Morishima
SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Spirometra species from Asia: Genetic diversity and taxonomic challenges
Hiroshi Yamasaki, Oranuch Sanpool, Rutchanee Rodpai, Lakkhana Sadaow, Porntip Laummaunwai, Mesa Un, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Sakhone Laymanivong, Win Pa Pa Aung, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong
Parasitology International.2021; 80: 102181. CrossRef
First Clinical Cases of Spirometrosis in Two Cats in Korea
Joohyung Kim, Younsung Ock, Kihwan Yang, Seongjun Choe, Kyung-Mee Park, Wan-Kyu Lee, Kyung-Chul Choi, Soochong Kim, Dongmi Kwak, Seung-Hun Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(2): 153. CrossRef
A Case of Sparganosis Caused by Spirometra decipiens on the Femur
Shoko YOGO, Sakurako IMAMURA, Kiko NAGAI, Kayo HARADA, Eiji NAGAYASU, Haruhiko MARUYAMA, Kazunori URABE
Nishi Nihon Hifuka.2021; 83(5): 453. CrossRef
Low prevalence of spargana infection in farmed frogs in the Yangtze River Delta of China
Xiaoli Zhang, Rongsheng Mi, Yehua Zhang, Shijie Zhang, Tao Sun, Haiyan Jia, Yan Huang, Haiyan Gong, Xiangan Han, Zhaoguo Chen
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2020; 85: 104466. CrossRef
Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of Spirometra ranarum: Comparison with S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens
Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Sang-Hwa Lee, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(1): 55. CrossRef
Genetic diversity of two mitochondrial DNA genes inSpirometra erinaceieuropaei(Cestoda: Diphyllobothridae) from Poland
Marta Kołodziej‐Sobocińska, Joanna Stojak, Eliza Kondzior, Iwona Ruczyńska, Jan M. Wójcik
Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research.2019; 57(4): 764. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence and Spatial Distribution of Toxoplasmosis in Sheep and Goats in North-Eastern Region of Pakistan: Haroon Ahmed, Ayesha Malik, Muhammad Arshad, Irfan Mustafa, Mobushir Riaz Khan, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Shahzad Ali, Muhammad Mobeen, Sami Simsek; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):439-446.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.439

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan disease that is caused by Toxoplasma gondii in livestock and humans. Due to its medical and veterinary importance, it is essential to study the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among humans and animals in various parts of the world. The major
objective
of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants (sheep and goats) of north-eastern region, Pakistan. A total of 1,000 animals comprising of sheep (n=470) and goats (n=530) were examined for T. gondii infection by using ELISA. An epidemiological data was collected in the form of questionnaire. A surface has been generated by using method of interpolation in Arc GIS with the help of IDW (inverse distance weight). The results showed higher seroprevalence of T. gondii in goats (42.8%) as compared to sheep (26.2%). The seroprevalence was higher in females as compared to males in all examined ruminants. Similarly, there is a wide variation in the seroprevalence of T. gondii in different breeds of sheep and goats showing higher seroprevalence in Teddy (52.8%) and Damani breed (34.5%) of goat and sheep’s, respectively. The geographical and spatial distribution of T. gondii shows that it is widely distributed in different parts of the north-eastern region of Pakistan. Our results suggest widespread environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts. It suggests us that small ruminants could be a potentially important source of T. gondii infection if their infected meat is consumed undercooked.

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Distribution and Abundance of Opisthorchis viverrini Metacercariae in Cyprinid Fish in Northeastern Thailand: Somchai Pinlaor, Sudarat Onsurathum, Thidarut Boonmars, Porntip Pinlaor, Nuttanan Hongsrichan, Apisit Chaidee, Ornuma Haonon, Wutipong Limviroj, Smarn Tesana, Sasithorn Kaewkes, Paiboon Sithithaworn; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):703-710.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.703

Abstract
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To increase public health awareness for prevention of opisthorchiasis caused by eating raw freshwater fish, the distribution and abundance of Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae (OV MC) was investigated in freshwater fish obtained from 20 provinces in northeastern Thailand between April 2011 and February 2012. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 12,890 fish consisting of 13 species randomly caught from 26 rivers, 10 dams, and 38 ponds/lakes. Fish, were collected in each of the rainy and winter seasons from each province. Fish were identified, counted, weighed, and digested using pepsin-HCl. Samples were examined for OV MC by a sedimentation method, and metacercariae were identified under a stereomicroscope. OV MC were found in 6 species of fish; i.e., Cyclocheilichthys armatus, Puntius orphoides, Hampala dispar, Henicorhynchus siamensis, Osteochilus hasselti, and Puntioplites proctozysron from localities in 13 provinces. Among the sites where OV MC-infected fish were found, 70.0% were dams, 23.7% were ponds/lakes, and 7.7% were rivers. The mean intensity of OV MC ranged from 0.01 to 6.5 cysts per fish (or 1.3-287.5 cysts per kg of fish). A high mean intensity of OV MC per fish (>3 cysts) was found in 5 provinces: Amnat Charoen (6.5 cysts), Nakhon Phanom (4.3), Mukdahan (4.1), Khon Kaen, (3.5) and Si Sa Ket (3.4). In conclusion, OV MC are prevalent in natural cyprinid fish, with the infection rate varying according to fish species and habitats.

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Seasonal Distribution of Ticks in Four Habitats near the Demilitarized Zone, Gyeonggi-do (Province), Republic of Korea: Sung Tae Chong, Heung Chul Kim, In-Yong Lee, Thomas M. Kollars, Alfredo R. Sancho, William J. Sames, Joon-Seok Chae, Terry A. Klein; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):319-325.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.319

Abstract
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This study describes the seasonal distribution of larvae, nymph, and adult life stages for 3 species of ixodid ticks collected by tick drag and sweep methods from various habitats in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Grasses less than 0.5 m in height, including herbaceous and crawling vegetation, and deciduous, conifer, and mixed forests with abundant leaf/needle litter were surveyed at United States (US) and ROK operated military training sites and privately owned lands near the demilitarized zone from April-October, 2004 and 2005. Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann adults and nymphs were more frequently collected from April-August, while those of Haemaphysalis flava Neumann and Ixodes nipponensis Kitaoka and Saito were collected more frequently from April-July and again during October. H. longicornis was the most frequently collected tick in grass habitats (98.9%), while H. flava was more frequently collected in deciduous (60.2%) and conifer (57.4%) forest habitats. While more H. flava (54.1%) were collected in mixed forest habitats than H. longicornis (35.2%), the differences were not significant. I. nipponensis was more frequently collected from conifer (mean 8.8) compared to deciduous (3.2) and mixed (2.4) forests.

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Articles from Symposium on Asian Taenia (October 2011, Osong, Korea)

Current Status of Taeniasis in Thailand: Malinee Thairungroj Anantaphruti; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):37-42.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.37

Abstract
PDF

Taeniasis is prevalent in all regions of Thailand, except the South. Infections were more frequently found in males than females of any age from 7-83 years. Taenia saginata is the most common species throughout the country. Taenia asiatica was reported only in the province of Kanchanaburi in the Central region. Co-infections, with Taenia solium and T. asiatica or T. solium and T. saginata, were found. Hybridization between T. asiatica and T. saginata is evidence that co-infection is never found between these 2 species. Finding more than 1 worm in a single patient was not entirely rare. Genetic variation was found without correlation to its geographic distribution in T. saginata, whereas no variation was found in T. asiatica.

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Brief Communication

Ticks Collected from Selected Mammalian Hosts Surveyed in the Republic of Korea During 2008-2009: Heung Chul Kim, Sang Hoon Han, Sung Tae Chong, Terry A. Klein, Chang-Yong Choi, Hyun-Young Nam, Hee-Young Chae, Hang Lee, Sungjin Ko, Jun-Gu Kang, Joon-Seok Chae; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):331-335.
Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.331

Abstract
PDF

A tick survey was conducted to determine the relative abundance and distribution of ticks associated with selected mammals in the Republic of Korea (ROK) during 2008-2009. A total of 918 ticks were collected from 76 mammals (6 families, 9 species) captured at 6 provinces and 3 Metropolitan Cities in ROK. Haemaphysalis longicornis (54.4%) was the most frequently collected tick, followed by Haemaphysalis flava (28.5%), Ixodes nipponensis (7.6%), Ixodes pomerantzevi (4.8%), Ixodes persulcatus (4.6%), and Haemaphysalis japonica (0.1%). Adults (57.0%) and nymphs (28.7%) of Ixodes and Haemaphysalis spp. were collected most frequently from medium or large mammals in this survey, while few larvae (14.3%) were collected. Hydropotes inermis was the most frequently captured mammal (52.6%), with a 16.4 tick index and 5 of 6 species of ticks collected during this survey. H. longicornis (69.7%) was the predominant tick collected from H. inermis, followed by H. flava (22.2%), I. persulcatus (6.1%), I. nipponensis (1.8%), and H. japonica (0.2%).

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Original Articles

Molecular Variation and Distribution of Anopheles fluviatilis (Diptera: Culicidae) Complex in Iran: Saied Reza Naddaf, Mohammad Reza Razavi, Golnaz Bahramali; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(3):231-236.
Published online September 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.231

Abstract
PDF

Anopheles fluviatilis James (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the known malaria vectors in south and southeastern Iran. Earlier ITS2 sequences analysis of specimens from Iran demonstrated only a single genotype that was identical to species Y in India, which is also the same as species T. We identified 2 haplotypes in the An. fluviatilis populations of Iran based on differences in nucleotide sequences of D3 domain of the 28S locus of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Comparison of sequence data from 44 Iranian specimens with those publicly available in the Genbank database showed that all of the 28S-D3 sequences from Kazeroun and Khesht regions in Fars Province were identical to the database entry representing species U in India. In other regions, all the individuals showed heterozygosity at the single nucleotide position, which identifies species U and T. It is argued that the 2 species may co-occur in some regions and hybridize; however, the heterozygosity in the 28S-D3 locus was not reflected in ITS2 sequences and this locus for all individuals was identical to species T. This study shows that in a newly diverged species, like members of An. fluviatilis complex, a single molecular marker may not be sufficiently discriminatory to identify all the taxa over a vast geographical area. In addition, other molecular markers may provide more reliable information for species discrimination.

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Geographical Distribution and Relative Abundance of Vectors of Scrub Typhus in the Republic of Korea: In Yong Lee, Heung Chul Kim, Young-Sun Lee, Jang Hoon Seo, Jae Won Lim, Tae Soon Yong, Terry A. Klein, Won Ja Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):381-386.
Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.381

Abstract
PDF

A survey to determine the geographical distribution and relative abundance of potential vectors of scrub typhus was conducted from October to November 2006 at 13 localities throughout the Republic of Korea. Apodemus agrarius accounted for 97.6% (80/82) of all rodents, while only 2 Myodes regulus (2/82) were collected. A total of 10,860 chiggers were collected from A. agrarius belonging to 4 genera and 8 species, while only Walchia fragilis (40) was collected from Myodes regulus. Leptotrombidium pallidum (8,137; 74.9%), a vector of scrub typhus, was the predominant species collected from A. agrarius followed by Leptotrombidium scutellare (2,057, 18.9%), Leptotrombidium palpale (279; 2.7%), Leptotrombidium orientale (232; 2.1%), and Leptotrombidium zetum (79; 0.7%), Neotrombicula tamiyai (58; 0.5%), Euschoengastica koreaensis (16; 0.1%), and Cheladonta ikaoensis (2; < 0.1%). L. pallidum was the predominant chigger collected at collection sites in Gangwon (100%), Gyeonggi (87.2%), Chungnam (100%), Chungbuk (100%), Jeonbuk (73.9%), Jeonnam (77.0%), and Gyeongbuk (66.1%) provinces, whereas L. scutellare was the predominant chigger collected in Gyeongnam province (77.9%) and Jeju Island (62.3%). Data suggest a correlation between chigger population abundance and human cases of scrub typhus in Korea.

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Morphologic and Genetic Identification of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense in Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Kyu-Heon Kim, Sun Huh, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):369-375.
Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.369

Abstract
PDF

Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense was first described by Yamane in 1986 but the taxonomical features have been obscure due to lack of critical morphologic criteria in its larval and adult stages. In Korea, this tapeworm had long been known as Diphyllobothrium latum. In this study, we observed 62 specimens collected from Korean residents and analyzed them by morphological features and nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cox1 gene as well as the ITS1 region. Adult tapeworms were examined after carmine or trichrome stain. Longitudinal sections of the gravid proglottids showed an obtuse angle of about 150 degree between the cirrus sac and seminal vesicle. This angle is known as a major differential point compared with that of D. latum. Nucleotide sequence differences between D. latum and the specimens from Koreans represented 17.3% in mitochondrial DNA cox1 gene. Sequence divergence of ITS1 among 4 Korean isolates was 0.3% and similarity was 99.7% with D. nihonkaiense and D. klebanovskii. All of the Korean specimens analyzed in this study were identified as being D. nihonkaiense (n = 62). We propose its Korean name as "Dong-hae-gin-chon-chung" which means 'long tapeworm of the East Sea' for this newly analyzed diphyllobothriid tapeworm in Korea.

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Mini Review

Geographical Distribution of Taenia asiatica and Related Species: Keeseon S. Eom, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(Suppl):S115.
Published online October 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S115

Abstract
PDF

Geographical information of Taenia asiatica is reviewed together with that of T. solium and T. saginata. Current distribution of T. asiatica was found to be mostly from Asian countries: the Republic of Korea, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Thailand. Molecular genotypic techniques have found out more countries with T. asiatica from Japan, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Specimens used in this paper were collected from around the world and mostly during international collaboration projects of Korean foundations for parasite control activities (1995-2009) in developing countries.

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Original Articles

Sympatric Distribution of Three Human Taenia Tapeworms Collected between 1935 and 2005 in Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Kyu-Heon Kim, Jong-Yil Chai, Hyun-Jong Yang, Han-Jong Rim, Keeseon S Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(4):235-241.
Published online December 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.4.235

Abstract
PDF

Taeniasis has been known as one of the prevalent parasitic infections in Korea. Until recently, Taenia saginata had long been considered a dominant, and widely distributed species but epidemiological profiles of human Taenia species in Korea still remain unclear. In order to better understand distribution patterns of human Taenia tapeworms in Korea, partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cox1 and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) were determined, along with morphological examinations, on 68 Taenia specimens obtained from university museum collections deposited since 1935. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-preserved specimens. Phylogenetic relationships among the genotypes (cox1 haplotype) detected in this study were inferred using the neighbor-joining method as a tree building method. Morphological and genetic analyses identified 3 specimens as T. solium, 51 specimens as T. asiatica, and 14 specimens as T. saginata. Our results indicate that all 3 Taenia tapeworms are sympatrically distributed in Korea with T. asiatica dominating over T. saginata and T. solium.

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Reemerging vivax malaria: changing patterns of annual incidence and control programs in the Republic of Korea: Eun-Taek Han, Duk-Hyoung Lee, Ki-Dong Park, Won-Seok Seok, Young-Soo Kim, Takafumi Tsuboi, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(4):285-294.
Published online December 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.4.285

Abstract
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Changing patterns of the reemerging Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) during the period 1993 to 2005 are briefly analyzed with emphasis on the control measures used and the effects of meteorological and entomological factors. Data were obtained from the Communicable Diseases Monthly Reports published by the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and webpages of World Health Organization and United Nations. Meteorological data of Kangwon-do (Province) were obtained from local weather stations. After its first reemergence in 1993, the prevalence of malaria increased exponentially, peaking in 2000, and then decreased. In total, 21,419 cases were reported between 1993 and 2005 in South Korea. In North Korea, a total of 916,225 cases were reported between 1999 and 2004. The occurrence of malaria in high risk areas of South Korea was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with the mosquito population but not with temperature and rainfall. Control programs, including early case detection and treatment, mass chemoprophylaxis of soldiers, and international financial aids to North Korea for malaria control have been instituted. The situation of the reemerging vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea is remarkably improving during the recent years, at least in part, due to the control activities undertaken in South and North Korea.

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Mini Review

Trematodes of the family Opisthorchiidae: a minireview: Sandie King, Tom?? Scholz; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(3):209-221.
Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.3.209

Abstract
PDF

Examination of the original descriptions of genera placed within the family Opisthorchiidae has revealed that only 33 of the original 43 genera are valid members of this family. Further study of these descriptions should also reveal that many of the subfamilies are also invalid. With reference to the original descriptions of these genera, and subsequent literature, a brief survey of the family has been compiled. Information on the spectrum of definitive hosts that these helminths parasitize is provided, as well as information on the life cycles, geographic distribution, and socioeconomic impacts of the family. More in-depth information is given on those species that are of particular medical importance; namely, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and O. felineus. The final aims of this review are to provide information on the entire genera of the family Opisthorchiidae, which will aid understanding of the phylogenetic relationships not only within the family, but also within the Class Trematoda.

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Opisthorchis felineus and Metorchis bilis are the main agents of liver fluke infection of humans in Russia
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Parasitology International.2012; 61(1): 25. CrossRef
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Genomics and molecular genetics of Clonorchis sinensis: Current status and perspectives
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Antigenic properties estimation for legumain protein recombinant analogue of trematoda Opisthorchis felineus, causing human opisthorchiasis
I. A. Razumov, M. N. Lvova, Ye. P. Ponomareva, A. V. Katokhin, V. A. Petrenko, A. E. Sazonov, L. M. Ogorodova, V. V. Novitsky, A. Yu. Sivkov, V. A. Mordvinov
Bulletin of Siberian Medicine.2012; 11(6): 166. CrossRef
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Oksana N Zhigileva, Daria V Zenovkina, Tatyana A Zamyatina
Ecological genetics.2012; 10(3): 10. CrossRef
A novel nuclear marker, Pm-int9, for phylogenetic studies of Opisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Clonorchis sinensis (Opisthorchiidae, Trematoda)
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Opisthorchiasis mimicking primary biliary cirrhosis as an indication for liver transplantation
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Assessment of the genetic distinctions of Opisthorchis felineus from O. viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis by ITS2 and CO1 sequences
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Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of nuclear rDNA sequences among three opisthorchid liver fluke species (Opisthorchiidae: Trematoda)
Seokha Kang, Tahera Sultana, Valery B. Loktev, Surasakdi Wongratanacheewin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Joong-Ki Park
Parasitology International.2008; 57(2): 191. CrossRef
Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini: Development of a mitochondrial-based multiplex PCR for their identification and discrimination
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Mujer tailandesa con hematuria y eosinofilia
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