Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Brief Communications

Distribution and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raccoon dogs in Korea: Heon-Moo Park, Haeseung Lee, Su-Jin Chae, Kidong Son, Sanghyun Lee, Kaifa Nazim, Seung-Hun Lee, Yoonhoi Koo, Jinsu Kang, Min-Goo Seo, Sang Joon Park, Man Hee Rhee, Dongmi Kwak; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(3):258-263.
Published online August 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25029

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Enterocytozoon is a genus of microsporidian parasites, with Enterocytozoon bieneusi being a well-known species. It infects various mammalian hosts, including humans, and exhibits zoonotic potential. Out of the 97 fecal and intestinal samples collected from wild raccoon dogs in Korea, 12 (12.4%) tested positive for E. bieneusi via PCR, revealing 2 genotypes: genotype D and EbpA. Both genotypes were found to belong to the zoonotic Group 1. Notably, this study is the first to report the EbpA genotype in Korea. Although studies on E. bieneusi in raccoon dogs are relatively limited, the findings suggest potential public health concerns.

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Distribution and genotypic analysis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from cats in Korea: Heon-Moo Park, Haeseung Lee, So-Young Sung, Kaifa Nazim, Bo-Yoon Jang, Ki-Chang Sung, Seung-Hun Lee, Min-Goo Seo, Man Hee Rhee, Dongmi Kwak; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(2):188-194.
Published online May 26, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25019

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an opportunistic microsporidian parasite with zoonotic potential that causes gastrointestinal illness in humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the presence and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi from cats in Korea and to assess the potential public health risks associated with zoonotic genotypes. Among the 137 feline fecal samples, 4 (2.9%) were PCR-positive for E. bieneusi. In addition, 2 E. bieneusi genotypes were identified: Type IV, a known zoonotic genotype belonging to Group 1, and KCAT1, a novel genotype with zoonotic potential belonging to Group 1. This study is the first to report on these genotypes from cats in Korea, most of which were companion cats visiting veterinary clinics. Despite the low detection rate, the presence of zoonotic genotypes in companion cats is a potential public health concern because of the close physical interaction between cats and their human caregivers. These findings indicate the importance of routine monitoring and the molecular characterization of E. bieneusi in companion animals to comprehensively understand their zoonotic transmission patterns and to guide future risk assessments and preventive strategies.

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Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Environmental Sources near Cattle Farms in Korea
Haeseung Lee, Myungji Jo, Hyeyeon Kim, Kaifa Nazim, Seung-Hun Lee, Min-Goo Seo, Sang-Joon Park, Man Hee Rhee, Dongmi Kwak
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(15): 7270. CrossRef
Distribution and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raccoon dogs in Korea
Heon-Moo Park, Haeseung Lee, Su-Jin Chae, Kidong Son, Sanghyun Lee, Kaifa Nazim, Seung-Hun Lee, Yoonhoi Koo, Jinsu Kang, Min-Goo Seo, Sang Joon Park, Man Hee Rhee, Dongmi Kwak
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(3): 258. CrossRef

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Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in ticks and their respective host dogs: Min-Goo Seo, Dongmi Kwak; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(1):66-74.
Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24091

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We identified the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in ticks and their host dogs, and assess the potential role of ticks as reservoirs for this pathogen. A total of 1,230 feeding ticks were collected from 340 dogs. The tick species identified included Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. flava, and Ixodes nipponensis. Detection of the T. gondii B1 gene occurred in 2 dogs (0.6%) and 4 tick pools (0.9%). Genotyping confirmed the presence of the I/III genotype. This study is the first to report the molecular detection of T. gondii in both canine ticks and their hosts. Our findings offer important insights into the dynamics of T. gondii transmission between vectors and their hosts.

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Detection of intestinal parasites in leopard cat fecal samples using shotgun metagenomics
Jun Ho Choi, Singeun Oh, Myung-hee Yi, Dongjun Kang, Du-Yeol Choi, Xavier Chavarria, Arwa Shatta, Yoon Hee Cho, Seongjun Choe, Seung-Hun Lee, Ju Yeong Kim
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(4): 349. CrossRef

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Molecular detection and characterization of Acanthamoeba infection in dogs and its association with keratitis in Korea: Subin Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Ji Seung Jung, Nanyoung Kang, Jiyi Hwang, Sang-Eun Park, Yeonchul Hong, Kyung-Mee Park, Seung-Hun Lee; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(1):139-144.
Published online February 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23112

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Acanthamoeba infection is associated with keratitis in humans; however, its association with keratitis in dogs remains unclear. To investigate this possibility, we collected 171 conjunctival swab samples from dogs with eye-related diseases (65 with keratitis and 106 without keratitis) at Chungbuk National University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Korea, from August 2021 to September 2022. Polymerase chain reaction identified 9 samples (5.3%) as Acanthamoeba positive; of these, 3 were from dogs with keratitis (4.6%) and 6 were from dogs without keratitis (5.7%). Our results indicated no significant association between Acanthamoeba infection and keratitis, season, sex, or age. All Acanthamoeba organisms found in this study had the genotype T4, according to 18S ribosomal RNA analysis. Acanthamoeba infection in dogs might have only a limited association with keratitis.

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Epidemiology, molecular characterization, and risk factors of Acanthamoeba spp., Blastocystis spp., and Cyclospora spp. infections in snakes in China
Yilei Zhang, Zhouchun Li, Xinyuan Wang, Kaili Gao, Lijie Tian, Olalekan Opeyemi Ayanniyi, Qianming Xu, Congshan Yang
Veterinary Parasitology.2025; 335: 110420. CrossRef
Acanthamoeba spp.: Neglected Protists in Veterinary Medicine
Somayeh Bahrami, Mehdi Zarei, Fiona L. Henriquez, Chukwunonso O. Nzelu
Acta Parasitologica.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Anti-adherent effects of Rhizophora apiculata bark and leaf extracts and computational prediction of the effects of its compound on β-tubulin interaction in Acanthamoeba triangularis genotype 4
Siriphorn Chimplee, Imran Sama-ae, Suthinee Sangkanu, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Julalak Chuprom, Rachasak Boonhok, Dhrubo Ahmed Khan, Partha Biswas, Md Nazmul Hasan, Hazel Anne Tabo, Cristina C. Salibay, Polrat Wilairatana, Maria L. Pereira, Muhammad Nawaz,
Veterinary World.2024; : 2829. CrossRef

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Molecular epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle in Korea: Kyoo-Tae Kim, Min-Goo Seo; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(2):210-215.
Published online May 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23016

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Toxoplasmosis is a major public health concern, with raw or undercooked meat being the primary source of human infection. Knowledge regarding the molecular epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle destined for human consumption in Korea is lacking. The present study aimed to genetically characterize the infectious strains of T. gondii. Overall, 455 cattle blood samples from 84 farms in the Gyeongnam-do (Province) were randomly collected in 2017. Nested PCR analysis revealed that only 3 (0.7%) samples were infected with T. gondii. The B1 gene sequence of T. gondii was observed to be similar (97.3–99.6%) to that of other T. gondii isolates. This is the first study to perform the molecular detection of T. gondii in cattle in Korea. Although the prevalence of infection was low, our findings suggest that cattle present a potential public health issue. It may be crucial to recognize the importance of T. gondii infection in cattle meat.

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Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in ticks and their respective host dogs
Min-Goo Seo, Dongmi Kwak
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(1): 66. CrossRef
Prevalence and molecular characterization of intestinal parasites in shelter dogs from South Korea
You-Jeong Lee, Beoul Kim, Gyeonghyeon Lee, Yong-Myung Kang, Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
Research in Veterinary Science.2025; 188: 105620. CrossRef
Antileishmanial and Antitoxoplasmal Activities of 1,4-Dihydropyridines
Thaís A. S. Oliveira, Yan R. Robles, Ibrahim S. Al Nasr, Waleed S. Koko, Tariq A. Khan, Ismail Daoud, Seyfeddine Rahali, Noureddine Amdouni, Ridha B. Said, Antônio E. M. Crotti
ACS Omega.2025; 10(28): 31066. CrossRef
Tick-borne pathogens in Mongolian ticks: The high prevalence of Rickettsia raoultii and its public health implications
You-Jeong Lee, Beoul Kim, Dongmi Kwak, Ochirkhuu Nyamsuren, Nyamdavaa Guugandaa, Min-Goo Seo
Acta Tropica.2024; 260: 107412. CrossRef

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Original Article

Development of Toxoplasma gondii Chinese I genotype Wh6 Strain in Cat Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Guihua Zhao, Lixin Zhang, Lisha Dai, Haozhi Xu, Chao Xu, Ting Xiao, Jun Li, Hui Sun, Beibei Zhou, Kun Yin; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(4):241-246.
Published online August 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.4.241

Felids are the unique definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii. The intestine of felid is the only site for initiating Toxoplasma gondii sexual reproduction. T. gondii excretes millions of infectious oocysts from the intestine, which are the primary source of infection. There are many difficulties in developing vaccines and drugs to control oocyst excretion due to the lack of an appropriate experimental model. Here, we established an in vitro feline intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) infection system and an efficient animal model of T. gondii Chinese 1 genotype, Wh6 strain (TgCtwh6). The Kunming mice brain tissues containing TgCtwh6 cysts were harvested 42-day post-infection. The bradyzoites were co-cultured with cat IECs in vitro at a ratio of 1:10. Five 3-month-old domestic cats were orally inoculated with 600 cysts each. The oocysts were detected by daily observation of cat feces by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. We found that the parasite adhered and invaded cat IECs in vitro, transformed into tachyzoites, and then divided to form rose-like structures. These parasites eventually destroyed host cells, escaped, and finished the asexual reproduction process. Schizonts associated with sexual reproduction have not been observed during development in vitro cultured cells. However, schizonts were detected in all infected cat intestinal epithelial cells, and oocysts were presented in all cat feces. Our study provides a feasible cell model and an efficient infection system for the following studies of T. gondii sexual reproduction, and also lays a foundation to develop drugs and vaccines for blocking excretion and transmission of oocysts.

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Detection and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental samples in Gaza, Palestine: A combined parasitological and molecular approach
Zuhair Dardona, Adnan Al Hindi, Mohamed Hafidi, Ali Boumezzough, Fadel Sharif, Samia Boussaa
One Health Bulletin.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The development and excretion of Toxoplasma gondii oocyst manipulate the gut microbiota in its definitive host
Gui-Hua Zhao, Bei-Bei Zhou, Zhi-Heng Cao, Ting Xiao, Ya-Nan Li, Wen-Ju Zhu, Hang Sun, Huan-Huan Xie, Xiao-Man Xie, Jun-Mei Zhang, Qi Wang, Xin Zhang, Jin-Jing Xie, Hong-Jie Dong, Chao Xu, Kun Yin
Parasites & Vectors.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii alters gut microbiota and systemic metabolism in cats: A multi-omics approach
Ji-Xin Zhao, Xue-Yao Wang, Xuancheng Zhang, Lu-Yao Tang, Shi-Chen Xie, Yi-Han Lv, Zhi Zheng, Ying-Qian Gao, Jing Jiang, Xiao-Xuan Zhang, He Ma
The Veterinary Journal.2025; 314: 106455. CrossRef
Proteomics analysis of Toxoplasma gondii merozoites reveals regulatory proteins involved in sexual reproduction
Guihua Zhao, Hongjie Dong, Lisha Dai, Huanhuan Xie, Hang Sun, Junmei Zhang, Qi Wang, Chao Xu, Kun Yin
Microbial Pathogenesis.2024; 186: 106484. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes and Infections in the Horses in Korea: Haeseung Lee, Seung-Hun Lee, Yu-Ran Lee, Ha-Young Kim, Bo-Youn Moon, Jee Eun Han, Man Hee Rhee, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(6):639-643.
Published online December 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.639

Abstract
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Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a microsporidian pathogen. Recently, the equestrian population is increasing in Korea. The horse-related zoonotic pathogens, including E. bieneusi, are concerns of public health. A total of 1,200 horse fecal samples were collected from riding centers and breeding farms in Jeju Island and inland areas. Of the fecal samples 15 (1.3%) were PCR positive for E. bieneusi. Interestingly, all positive samples came from Jeju Island. Diarrhea and infection in foals were related. Two genotypes (horse1, horse2) were identified as possible zoonotic groups requiring continuous monitoring.

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Distribution and genotypic analysis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from cats in Korea
Heon-Moo Park, Haeseung Lee, So-Young Sung, Kaifa Nazim, Bo-Yoon Jang, Ki-Chang Sung, Seung-Hun Lee, Min-Goo Seo, Man Hee Rhee, Dongmi Kwak
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(2): 188. CrossRef
Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Environmental Sources near Cattle Farms in Korea
Haeseung Lee, Myungji Jo, Hyeyeon Kim, Kaifa Nazim, Seung-Hun Lee, Min-Goo Seo, Sang-Joon Park, Man Hee Rhee, Dongmi Kwak
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(15): 7270. CrossRef
Distribution and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raccoon dogs in Korea
Heon-Moo Park, Haeseung Lee, Su-Jin Chae, Kidong Son, Sanghyun Lee, Kaifa Nazim, Seung-Hun Lee, Yoonhoi Koo, Jinsu Kang, Min-Goo Seo, Sang Joon Park, Man Hee Rhee, Dongmi Kwak
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(3): 258. CrossRef
Occurrence and molecular characterization ofEnterocytozoon bieneusiin wild and domestic animal species in Portugal
Ana M Figueiredo, Alejandro Dashti, Mónica Santín, Pamela C Köster, Rita T Torres, Carlos Fonseca, Atle Mysterud, João Carvalho, Pedro Sarmento, Nuno Neves, Dário Hipólito, Josman D Palmeira, Daniela Teixeira, Cátia Lima, Rafael Calero-Bernal, David Carme
Medical Mycology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
First report on the molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in livestock and wildlife around Qinghai Lake in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area, China
Yingna Jian, Xueyong Zhang, Guanghua Wang, Geping Wang, Xiuping Li, Liqing Ma, Qin Liang, Chenglin Li, Yong Zhang
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2023; 21: 110. CrossRef
Microbial Risks Caused by Livestock Excrement: Current Research Status and Prospects
Rashidin Abdugheni, Li Li, Zhen-Ni Yang, Yin Huang, Bao-Zhu Fang, Vyacheslav Shurigin, Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad, Yong-Hong Liu, Wen-Jun Li
Microorganisms.2023; 11(8): 1897. CrossRef

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Phylogenetic Characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato in Uzbekistan: Hye-Jin Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Myeong Heon Shin, Kyu-Jae Lee, Gab-Man Park, Uktamjon Suvonkulov, Dmitriy Kovalenko, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):205-210.
Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.205

Echinococcosis occurs mainly in areas with heavy livestock farming, such as Central Asia, America, and Australia. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) infection causes echinococcosis in intermediate hosts, such as sheep, cattle, goats, camels, and horses. Numerous cases of echinococcosis occur in Uzbekistan as stock farming is a primary industry. Epidemiological and genetic studies of E. granulosus s.l. are very important for mitigating its impact on public health and the economy; however, there are no such studies on E. granulosus s.l. in Uzbekistan. In the present study, to determine which genotypes exist and are transmitted, we isolated Echinococcus sp. from definitive hosts (one isolate each from jackal and dog) and intermediate hosts (52 isolates from humans and 6 isolates from sheep) in Uzbekistan and analyzed the isolates by sequencing 2 mitochondrial DNA components (cox1 and nad1). The results showed that all of isolates except one belonged to the E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) G1 and G3 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis based on cox1 sequences showed that 42 isolates from humans, 6 isolates from sheep, and one isolate from jackal were the G1 genotype, whereas the remaining 8 isolates from human and the one isolate from dog were the G3 genotype. These results suggest that the G1 and G3 genotypes of E. granulosus s.s. are predominant in Uzbekistan, and both wild animals and domestic animals are important for maintaining their life cycle. Only one isolate from human sample was confirmed to be E. eqiinus (G4 genotype), which is known to be for the first time.

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Saeed Farokhpey, Soheil Sadr, Saeed Yaghfoori, Hassan Borji
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Thomas Romig, Marion Wassermann
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Evaluation of the Molecular Properties of Echinococcus granulosus Isolates from Various Hosts in Şanlıurfa Province
Cemile Günbegi Çalışkan, Fadile Yıldız Zeyrek
Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences.2024; 9(3): 383. CrossRef
Cystic echinococcosis in donkeys in eastern Africa
Erastus Mulinge, Eberhard Zeyhle, Cecilia Mbae, Lucy Gitau, Timothy Kaburu, Japhet Magambo, Ute Mackenstedt, Thomas Romig, Peter Kern, Marion Wassermann
Parasitology.2023; 150(5): 468. CrossRef
Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus isolated from canine in Northwest Iran
Zabih Zarei, Behnam Mohammadi Ghalehbin, Behnaz Akhoundi, Mehdi Mohebali, Zahra Heidari
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Rui‐Qi Hua, Xiao‐Di Du, Xue He, Xiao‐Bin Gu, Yue Xie, Ran He, Jing Xu, Xue‐Rong Peng, Guang‐You Yang
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Adriano Casulli, Alessandro Massolo, Urmas Saarma, Gérald Umhang, Federica Santolamazza, Azzurra Santoro
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Araz Ramadhan Issa, Sardar Hassan Arif, Ayad Ahmad Mohammed, Federica Santolamazza, Azzurra Santoro, Wijdan Mohammed Salih Mero, Adriano Casulli
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Morteza Shams, Sasan Khazaei, Razi Naserifar, Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh, Davood Anvari, Fattaneh Montazeri, Majid Pirestani, Hamidreza Majidiani
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Caroline Conlon, Conor Grant, Helen Tuite, Catherine Fleming, Eoin Slattery
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Original Article

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto in Northern Xinjiang, China: Baoping Guo, Zhuangzhi Zhang, Xueting Zheng, Yongzhong Guo, Gang Guo, Li Zhao, Ren Cai, Bingjie Wang, Mei Yang, Xi Shou, Wenbao Zhang, Bin Jia; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(2):153-159.
Published online April 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.2.153

Abstract
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Echinococcus granulosus is an important zoonotic parasite globally causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and animals. In this study, prevalence of CE and variation of cox1 gene sequence were analyzed with isolates E. granulosus collected from different areas in northern Xinjiang, China. The survey showed that 3.5% of sheep and 4.1% of cattle were infected with CE. Fragment of cox1 was amplified from all the positive sheep and cattle samples by PCR. In addition, 26 positive samples across the 4 areas were included. The isolates were all E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) containing 15 haplotypes (Hap1-15), and clustered into 2 genotypes, G1 (90.1%, 91/101) and G3 (9.9%, 10/101). Hap1 was the most common haplotype (48.5%, 49/101). Hap9 were found in humans samples, indicating that sheep and cattle reservoir human CE. It is indicate that E. granulosus may impact on control of CE in livestock and humans in the region.

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Whole-genomic comparison reveals complex population dynamics and parasitic adaptation of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto
Yao-Dong Wu, Zirui Ren, Li Li, Wen-Hui Li, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Yan-Tao Wu, Guo-Dong Dai, Wei-Gang Chen, Wen-Jie Mu, Shuai Wang, Jiandong Li, Qin Yu, Xue-Peng Cai, Xin Jin, Bao-Quan Fu, Daxi Wang, Wan-Zhong Jia, Hong-Bin Yan, Julian Parkhill, James Cotton
mBio.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
First report of Echinococcus granulosus genotype 1 in a wild boar (Sus scrofa) from China
Baoping Guo, Cairen, Li Zhao, Kalibixiati Aimulajiang, Wenqiang Tang, Chuanchuan Wu, Maiweilidan Yimingjiang, Jianyong Wu, Rongsheng Mi, Hao Wen
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Phylogeny and population structure of Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) based on full-length cytb-nad2-atp6 mitochondrial genes – First report from Sialkot District of Pakistan
Mughees Aizaz Alvi, Rana Muhammad Athar Ali, Li Li, Muhammad Saqib, Warda Qamar, Ali Hassan, Muzafar Ghafoor, Siddiq Ur Rahman, Muhammad Umar Zafar Khan, Bao-Quan Fu, Youyu Liu, Hong Yin, Hong-Bin Yan, Wan-Zhong Jia
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology.2023; 253: 111542. CrossRef
Survey and Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto from Livestock and Humans in the Altai Region of Xinjiang, China
Baoping Guo, Li Zhao, Lu Zhao, Rongsheng Mi, Xu Zhang, Bingjie Wang, Gang Guo, Yuan Ren, Wenjing Qi, Zhuangzhi Zhang
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Update on the genetic diversity and population structure of Echinococcus granulosus in Gansu Province, Tibet Autonomous Region, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Western China, inferred from mitochondrial cox1, nad1, and nad5 sequences
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Carlos Manterola, Armando Totomoch-Serra, Claudio Rojas, Ángela L. Riffo-Campos, Nayely García-Méndez
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Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in China: Epidemiological studies and systematic review
Rui‐Qi Hua, Xiao‐Di Du, Xue He, Xiao‐Bin Gu, Yue Xie, Ran He, Jing Xu, Xue‐Rong Peng, Guang‐You Yang
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Shijie Fan, Xialing Zhao, Danqulamu, Bin Shi, Wenqiang Tang, Hailong Dong, Chenyang Xia
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Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of hydatid cysts isolated from livestock in Bushehr province, Iran
Zahra Babaei, Reza Taherkhani, Afshin Barazesh, Marzieh Taherzadeh, Soleiman Khorami, Moradali Fouladvand
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Transcriptomic Features of Echinococcus granulosus Protoscolex during the Encystation Process
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Muzhabaier Muhedier, Jintian Li, Hui Liu, Guizhi Ma, Kuerbannisha Amahong, Renyong Lin, Guodong Lü
Acta Tropica.2020; 212: 105708. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Molecular Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. among Companion Birds Kept in Pet Shops in Japan: Yuko Iijima, Naoyuki Itoh, Totsapon Phrompraphai, Yoichi Ito, Yuya Kimura, Satoshi Kameshima; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):281-285.
Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.281

Abstract
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Cryptosporidium is the most common protozoan that can infect a wide range of animals, including mammals and birds. Avian Cryptosporidium spp. can cause enteric and respiratory diseases which can be fatal in birds and some species are zoonotic. Companion birds have the potential as reservoir due to their close contact with humans. Pet shops are the major source of companion birds. However, few reports are available regarding Cryptosporidium spp. infection among companion birds kept in pet shops. The present study reports the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. among companion birds kept in pet shops in Japan. A total of 265 fresh fecal samples were obtained from birds kept in 4 pet shops; these birds belonged to 41 species in 3 bird orders. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the small subunit rRNA gene was employed for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. A total of 24 samples (9.1%) were positive, and Cryptosporidium spp. were detected from all pet shops. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in each of the bird orders was 6.5% (10/153) in Psittaciformes, 14.4% (13/90) in Passeriformes, and 4.5% (1/22) in Galliformes. Based on sequence analysis, 13 (54.2%) isolates were classified to C. galli, 8 (33.3%) were avian genotype III, and the remaining 3 (12.5%) were C. baileyi. No infection with zoonotic C. meleagridis and no coinfection with multiple Cryptosporidium spp. and/or genotypes were observed. The zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. infecting companion birds kept in pet shops in Japan is likely to be low.

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Ahmed Essam, Bassem Elmishmishy, Enas Hammad, Salah Abu Elwafa, Ibrahim Abbas
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Tean Zaheer, Muhammad Imran, Rao Zahid Abbas, Iqra Zaheer, Muhammad Abdullah Malik
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European Journal of Protistology.2019; 69: 70. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Isolation and Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Brazilian Dogs: Jamille Rodrigues da Silva, Bianca Mendes Maciel, Luana Karla Nogueira de Santana Souza Santos, F?bio Santos Carvalho, Daniele de Santana Rocha, Carlos Wilson Gomes Lopes, George R?go Albuquerque; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):239-246.
Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.239

Abstract
PDF

Strains of Toxoplasma gondii in Brazil are highly genetically diverse compared to strains from North America and Europe. Dogs are epidemiologically important because they act as sentinels for T. gondii infections in humans and are good indicators of environmental contamination. The aim of this study was to isolate and genetically characterize T. gondii strains from tissues of naturally infected Brazilian dogs. For this study, 21 blood samples were collected from dogs at the Zoonosis Control Centers of Ilh?us and Itabuna cities, Bahia, Brazil. The sera were examined for T. gondii antibodies using the indirect hemagglutination test. Brains and hearts of seropositive dogs were bioassayed in mice to isolate and characterize T. gondii parasites by PCR-RFLP using 10 genetic markers (SAG1, newSAG2, SAG3, BTUB, c22-8, c29-2, GRA6, PK1, APICO, and L358). However, T. gondii was isolated from only 4 (57.1%) dogs, designated TgDgBr6, 13, 17, and 21. All strains were virulent, causing clinical changes (rough hair coat, lethargy, and abdominal distention) and the death of all mice within 8-20 days after inoculation. Genetic analysis of these 4 T. gondii isolates revealed 4 distinct genotypes with different clonal lineage combinations (types I, II, and III) and 2 atypical alleles. Using PCR-RFLP with several markers, this study contributes to evaluations of the genetic diversity of strains circulating in Brazil.

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Debora Oliveira Nunes, Hllytchaikra Ferraz Fehlberg, Laurence Oliveira Carneiro, Karenina Melo Miranda Oliveira, Ricardo Siqueira Bovendorp, Cassia Matos Ribeiro, George Rego Albuquerque, Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa Oliveira, Anaiá da Paixão Sevá
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Different Populations of Dogs from Aguascalientes, Mexico
Carlos Cruz-Vázquez, Liliana Maldonado-López, Irene Vitela-Mendoza, Leticia Medina-Esparza, Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino, Isabel de Velasco-Reyes
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Cytologic detection of Toxoplasma gondii in the cerebrospinal fluid of a dog and in vitro isolation of a unique mouse-virulent recombinant strain
Waléria Borges-Silva, Mariana M. Rezende-Gondim, Gideão S. Galvão, Daniele S. Rocha, George R. Albuquerque, Luís P. Gondim
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Runli Li, Yeting Ma, Jin Li, Penglai Zhou, Fuguo Zheng, Qing Liu, Wenwei Gao
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Toxoplasma gondii infections in dogs: 2009-2020
Jitender P. Dubey, Fernando H.A. Murata, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Oliver C.H. Kwok, Yurong Yang, Chunlei Su
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Genotype and Phenotype of Echinococcus granulosus Derived from Wild Sheep (Ovis orientalis) in Iran: Ali Eslami, Behnam Meshgi, Fatemeh Jalousian, Shima Rahmani, Mohammad Ali Salari; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):55-60.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.55

Abstract
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The aim of the present study is to determine the characteristics of genotype and phenotype of Echinococcus granulosus derived from wild sheep and to compare them with the strains of E. granulosus sensu stricto (sheep-dog) and E. granulosus camel strain (camel-dog) in Iran. In Khojir National Park, near Tehran, Iran, a fertile hydatid cyst was recently found in the liver of a dead wild sheep (Ovis orientalis). The number of protoscolices (n=6,000) proved enough for an experimental infection in a dog. The characteristics of large and small hooks of metacestode were statistically determined as the sensu stricto strain but not the camel strain (P=0.5). To determine E. granulosus genotype, 20 adult worms of this type were collected from the infected dog. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase 1 subunit (COX1) of the mitochondrial DNA were amplified from individual adult worm by PCR. Subsequently, the PCR product was sequenced by Sanger method. The lengths of ITS2 and COX1 sequences were 378 and 857 bp, respectively, for all the sequenced samples. The amplified DNA sequences from both ribosomal and mitochondrial genes were highly similar (99% and 98%, respectively) to that of the ovine strain in the GenBank database. The results of the present study indicate that the morpho-molecular features and characteristics of E. granulosus in the Iranian wild sheep are the same as those of the sheep-dog E. granulosus sensu stricto strain.

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Differentiation of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato species of human origin from Neuquén, Argentina, by multivariate analysis of rostellar hooks morphometry
L.E. Lazzarini, M.F. Debiaggi, L.A. Pianciola, M.L. Mazzeo, S.V. Soriano, N.B. Pierangeli
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Echinococcus species in wildlife
Thomas Romig, Marion Wassermann
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MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ECHINOCOCCUS SPP. IN HYDATID CYST FLUID COLLECTED FROM HUMAN AND LIVESTOCK IN NORTHERN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA AND GILGIT BALTISTAN
M Abdullah, I Ali, K.S. Haleem, A.U. Rehman, S Qayyum, Z Niaz, S Ahmed, I Khan, M.N.K. Khattak, N Sultana, I Tauseef
The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences.2021; 31(5): 1293. CrossRef
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Fadya Abdullah AlKitani, Senan Baqir, Muhammad Khalid Mansoor, Shumoos AlRiyami, Muhammad Hammad Hussain, Derek Roberts
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N.M. AL-Mutairi, H.A. Taha, A.H. Nigm
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Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki, Esam Almalki, Saleh Al-Quarishy
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2018; 25(7): 1375. CrossRef

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An Improved PCR-RFLP Assay for Detection and Genotyping of Asymptomatic Giardia lamblia Infection in a Resource-Poor Setting: Yoursry Hawash, M. M. Ghonaim, S. S. Al-Shehri; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):1-8.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.1

Abstract
PDF

Laboratory workers, in resource-poor countries, still consider PCR detection of Giardia lamblia more costly and more time-consuming than the classical parasitological techniques. Based on 2 published primers, an in-house one-round touchdown PCR-RFLP assay was developed. The assay was validated with an internal amplification control included in reactions. Performance of the assay was assessed with DNA samples of various purities, 91 control fecal samples with various parasite load, and 472 samples of unknown results. Two cysts per reaction were enough for PCR detection by the assay with exhibited specificity (Sp) and sensitivity (Se) of 100% and 93%, respectively. Taking a published small subunit rRNA reference PCR test results (6%; 29/472) as a nominated gold standard, G. lamblia was identified in 5.9% (28/472), 5.2%, (25/472), and 3.6% (17/472) by PCR assay, RIDA^® Quick Giardia antigen detection test (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany), and iodine-stained smear microscopy, respectively. The percent agreements (kappa values) of 99.7% (0.745), 98.9% (0.900), and 97.7% (0.981) were exhibited between the assay results and that of the reference PCR, immunoassay, and microscopy, respectively. Restriction digestion of the 28 Giardia-positive samples revealed genotype A pattern in 12 and genotype B profile in 16 samples. The PCR assay with the described format and exhibited performance has a great potential to be adopted in basic clinical laboratories as a detection tool for G. lamblia especially in asymptomatic infections. This potential is increased more in particular situations where identification of the parasite genotype represents a major requirement as in epidemiological studies and infection outbreaks.

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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 513. CrossRef

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Toxoplasma gondii B1 Gene Detection in Feces of Stray Cats around Seoul, Korea and Genotype Analysis of Two Laboratory-Passaged Isolates: Bong-Kwang Jung, Sang-Eun Lee, Hyemi Lim, Jaeeun Cho, Deok-Gyu Kim, Hyemi Song, Min-Jae Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(3):259-263.
Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.259

Abstract
PDF

The increasing prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the human population in the Republic of Korea (= Korea) is due to various reasons such as an increase in meat consumption. However, the importance of cats in transmitting T. gondii infection through oocysts to humans has seldom been assessed. A total of 300 fecal samples of stray cats captured around Seoul from June to August 2013 were examined for T. gondii B1 gene (indicating the presence of oocysts) using nested-PCR. Fourteen (4.7%) of 300 cats examined were positive for B1 gene. Female cats (7.5%) showed a higher prevalence than male cats (1.4%). Cats younger than 3 months (5.5%) showed a higher prevalence than cats (1.5%) older than 3 months. For laboratory passage of the positive samples, the fecal suspension (0.2 ml) of B1 gene positive cats was orally inoculated into experimental mice. Brain tissues of the mice were obtained after 40 days and examined for the presence of tissue cysts. Two isolates were successfully passaged (designated KNIH-1 and KNIH-2) and were molecularly analyzed using the SAG5D and SAG5E gene sequences. The SAG5D and SAG5E gene sequences showed high homologies with the ME49 strain (less virulent strain). The results indicated the importance of stray cats in transmitting T. gondii to humans in Korea, as revealed by detection of B1 gene in fecal samples. T. gondii isolates from cats were successfully passaged in the laboratory for the first time in Korea.

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Brief Communication

Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Pet Dogs in Central China: Wei-Feng Qian, Wen-Chao Yan, Tian-Qi Wang, Kai Zhai, Li-Fang Han, Chao-Chao Lv; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):125-128.
Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.125

Abstract
PDF

The prevalence and genotype of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dogs in Henan Province, Central China was investigated. A total of 125 blood samples were collected from pet dogs during April to June 2013, and all samples were examined by indirect hemagglutination antibody test (IHA) and nested PCR. The overall T. gondii prevalence in pet dogs was 24.0% (30/125), with 20.8% (26/125) in IHA and 10.4% (13/125) in PCR, respectively. No statistical associations were found between animal gender and age and the prevalence of T. gondii infection. Thirteen positive DNA samples were genotyped using 11 PCR-RFLP markers, including SAG1, (3’+5’) SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico. Of these, only 2 samples were genotyped with complete data for all loci, and a novel genotype (type III at SAG3 and GRA6 loci, and type I at other loci) was identified. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T. gondii infection in dogs in China.

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Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2022; 101: 105283. CrossRef
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Toxoplasma gondii infections in dogs: 2009-2020
Jitender P. Dubey, Fernando H.A. Murata, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Oliver C.H. Kwok, Yurong Yang, Chunlei Su
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P. Chaichan, A. Mercier, L. Galal, A. Mahittikorn, F. Ariey, S. Morand, F. Boumédiène, R. Udonsom, A. Hamidovic, J.B. Murat, Y. Sukthana, M.L. Dardé
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Prevalence and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in donkeys in northeastern China
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Seroprevalence and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from pigs intended for human consumption in Liaoning province, northeastern China
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Prevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in Dogs in Zhanjiang, Southern China
Hai-Hai Jiang, Ming-Wei Li, Min-Jun Xu, Wei Cong, Xing-Quan Zhu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(4): 493. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in stray dogs in northern China
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Parasitology Research.2015; 114(12): 4725. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from Rats (Rattus rattus) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Maha H. Elamin; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):257-261.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.257

Abstract
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Toxoplasma 3 main clonal lineages are designated as type I, II, and III; however, atypical and mixed genotypes were also reported. This study was conducted for detection of Toxoplasma gondii genotypes in rats (Rattus rattus) in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. PCR test on T. gondii B1 gene was conducted on ELISA IgM positive samples for confirmation of the infection. However, genetic analysis of the SAG2 locus was performed to determine T. gondii genotypes using PCR-RFLP technique. PCR test on T. gondii B1gene showed that 22 (81.5%) out of the 27 ELISA IgM positive samples have T. gondii DNA. Genotypic analysis shows that, of the total 22 PCR positive samples, only 13 (59.1%) were of type II, 7 (31.8%) were of type III, and 2 (9.1%) were of an unknown genotype. It is obvious that the prevalence of both type II and III is high in rats. No reports have been available on T. gondii genotypes among rats in Riyadh region, and only little is known about its seroprevalence in rats. Future studies on T. gondii genotypes in rats using multi-locus markers is needed in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia for better understanding of T. gondii pathogenesis and treatment in humans and animals.

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Epidemiological Significance of Toxoplasma gondii Infections in Wild Rodents: 2009–2020
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Wen-Bin Zheng, Bin-Ze Gui, Hai-Bin Long, Yi-Wei Chen, Xing-Quan Zhu, Shui-Lian Wang, Guo-Hua Liu
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2019; 16(8): 539. CrossRef

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Molecular Characterization of Taenia multiceps Isolates from Gansu Province, China by Sequencing of Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 1: Wen Hui Li, Wan Zhong Jia, Zi Gang Qu, Zhi Zhou Xie, Jian Xun Luo, Hong Yin, Xiao Lin Sun, Radu Blaga, Bao Quan Fu; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):197-201.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.197

Abstract
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A total of 16 Taenia multiceps isolates collected from naturally infected sheep or goats in Gansu Province, China were characterized by sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The complete cox1 gene was amplified for individual T. multiceps isolates by PCR, ligated to pMD18T vector, and sequenced. Sequence analysis indicated that out of 16 T. multiceps isolates 10 unique cox1 gene sequences of 1,623 bp were obtained with sequence variation of 0.12-0.68%. The results showed that the cox1 gene sequences were highly conserved among the examined T. multiceps isolates. However, they were quite different from those of the other Taenia species. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete cox1 gene sequences revealed that T. multiceps isolates were composed of 3 genotypes and distinguished from the other Taenia species.

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Mughees Aizaz Alvi, John Asekhaen Ohiolei, Muhammad Saqib, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab, Muhammad Umar Zafar Khan, Li Li, Amjad Islam Aqib, Ali Hassan, Anum Aizaz Alvi, Warda Qamar, Bao-Quan Fu, Hong-Bin Yan, Wan-Zhong Jia
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Mini Review

Large-scale Genotyping and Genetic Mapping in Plasmodium Parasites: Xin-zhuan Su, Hongying Jiang, Ming Yi, Jianbing Mu, Robert M. Stephens; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):83-91.
Published online May 26, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.83

Abstract
PDF

The completion of many malaria parasite genomes provides great opportunities for genomewide characterization of gene expression and high-throughput genotyping. Substantial progress in malaria genomics and genotyping has been made recently, particularly the development of various microarray platforms for large-scale characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum genome. Microarray has been used for gene expression analysis, detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and copy number variation (CNV), characterization of chromatin modifications, and other applications. Here we discuss some recent advances in genetic mapping and genomic studies of malaria parasites, focusing on the use of high-throughput arrays for the detection of SNP and CNV in the P. falciparum genome. Strategies for genetic mapping of malaria traits are also discussed.

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Experimental evidence for hybridization of closely related lineages in Plasmodium relictum
Vaidas Palinauskas, Rasa Bernotienė, Rita Žiegytė, Staffan Bensch, Gediminas Valkiūnas
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Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in human malaria cases in Mali
Cécile Nabet, Safiatou Doumbo, Fakhri Jeddi, Salimata Konaté, Tommaso Manciulli, Bakary Fofana, Coralie L’Ollivier, Aminata Camara, Sandra Moore, Stéphane Ranque, Mahamadou A. Théra, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Renaud Piarroux
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René Cerritos, Lilia González-Cerón, José A Nettel, Ana Wegier
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Infectious diseases detection by microarray: An overview of clinical relevant infections
Sara Elisa Herrera-Rodriguez, Darwin Elizondo-Quiroga, Ikuri Alvarez-Maya
Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering.2013; 06(10): 1006. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Genotyping of a Korean isolate of Toxoplasma gondii by multilocus PCR-RFLP and microsatellite analysis: Juan-Hua Quan, Tae Yun Kim, In-Uk Choi, Young-Ha Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(2):105-108.
Published online June 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.105

Abstract
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Although the Korean isolate KI-1 of Toxoplasma gondii has been considered to be a virulent type I lineage because of its virulent clinical manifestations, its genotype is unclear. In the present study, genotyping of the KI-1 was performed by multilocus PCR-RFLP and microsatellite sequencing. For 9 genetic markers (c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, SAG2, SAG3, GRA6, BTUB, and Apico), the KI-1 and RH strains exhibited typical PCR-RFLP patterns identical to the type I strains. DNA sequencing of tandem repeats in 5 microsatellite markers (B17, B18, TUB2, W35, and TgM-A) of the KI-1 also revealed patterns characteristic of the type I. These results provide strong genetic evidence that KI-1 is a type I lineage of T. gondii.

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Journal of Medical Primatology.2018; 47(4): 238. CrossRef
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Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2017; 53: 227. CrossRef
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Weifeng Qian, Hui Wang, Chunlei Su, Dan Shan, Xia Cui, Na Yang, Chaochao Lv, Qun Liu
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(4): 413. CrossRef

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Original Article

Genetic diversity of Acanthamoeba isolates from ocean sediments: Hua Liu, Young-Ran Ha, Sung-Tae Lee, Yean-Chul Hong, Hyun-Hee Kong, Dong-Il Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(2):117-125.
Published online June 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.2.117

Abstract
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Genetic diversity of 18 Acanthamoeba isolates from ocean sediments was evaluated by comparing mitochondrial (mt) DNA RFLP, 18S rDNA sequences and by examining their cytopathic effects on human corneal epithelial cells versus reference strains. All isolates belonged to morphologic group II. Total of 16 restriction phenotypes of mtDNA from 18 isolates demonstrated the genetic diversity of Acanthamoeba in ocean sediments. Phylogenetic analysis using 18s rDNA sequences revealed that the 18 isolates were distinct from morphological groups I and III. Fifteen isolates showed close relatedness with 17 clinical isolates and A. castellanii Castellani and formed a lineage equivalent to T4 genotype of Byers' group. Two reference strains from ocean sediment, A. hatchetti BH-2 and A. griffini S-7 clustered unequivocally with these 15 isolates. Diversity among isolates was also evident from their cytopathic effects on human corneal cells. This is the first time describing Acanthamoeba diversity in ocean sediments in Korea.

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Brief Communications

Genotype and animal infectivity of a human isolate of Cryptosporidium parvum in the Republic of Korea: Sang-Mee Guk, Tai-Soon Yong, Soon-Jung Park, Jae-Hwan Park, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(2):85-89.
Published online June 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.2.85

Abstract
PDF

Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were isolated from a child suffering from acute gastroenteritis and successfully passaged in a calf and mice (designated hereafter SNU-H1) in the Republic of Korea; its molecular genotype has been analyzed. The GAG microsatellite region was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with a 238 base pair product, which is commonly displayed in C. parvum. The isolate was shown to be a mixture of the genotypes 1 (anthroponotic) and 2 (zoonotic). To study its infectivity in animals, 2 calves and 3 strains of mice were infected with the SNU-H1; in these animals, the propagation of both genotypes was successful. In immunosuppressed (ImSP) BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice the number of oocysts decreased after day 10 post-infection (PI); but in ImSP ICR mice, they remained constant until day 27 PI. The results show that both the C. parvum genotypes 1 and 2 can be propagated in calves and ImSP mice.

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Apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) gene sequences of re-emerging Plasmodium vivax in South Korea: Eun-Taek Han, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Hee Shin, Min-Ho Choi, Myoung-Don Oh, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2002;40(3):157-162.
Published online September 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2002.40.3.157

Abstract
PDF

Plasmodium vivax malaria re-emerged in South Korea in 1993, and epidemics continue since then. We examined genetic variation in the region encompassing the apical membrane antigen-1 (PvAMA-1) of the parasites by DNA sequencing of the 22 re-emerging P. vivax isolates. The genotype of the PvAMA-1, which was based on sequence data previously reported for the polymorphic regions, showed that two haplotypes were present at one polymorphic site. Compared with reported data, the two types, SKOR type I and type II, were similar to Chinese CH-10A and CH-05A isolates, respectively. Thus, the present study showed that two genotypes of AMA-1 genes coexist in the re-emerging Korean P. vivax.

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Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Causing Epidemic Malaria in the Republic of Korea
Young Yil Bahk, Jeonga Kim, Seong Kyu Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jong-Yil Chai, Tong-Soo Kim
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Genotyping of Plasmodium vivax by minisatellite marker and its application in differentiating relapse and new infection
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Population genetic structure and natural selection of apical membrane antigen-1 in Plasmodium vivax Korean isolates
Jung-Mi Kang, Jinyoung Lee, Pyo-Yun Cho, Sung-Ung Moon, Hye-Lim Ju, Seong Kyu Ahn, Woon-Mok Sohn, Hyeong-Woo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na
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Genetic variation and recurrent parasitaemia in Peruvian Plasmodium vivax populations
Andrea M McCollum, Valeria Soberon, Carola J Salas, Meddly L Santolalla, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Ananias A Escalante, Paul CF Graf, Salomon Durand, Cesar Cabezas, David J Bacon
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Population genetic structure and polymorphism analysis of gene encoding apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) of Iranian Plasmodium vivax wild isolates
Sedigheh Zakeri, Hengameh Sadeghi, Akram Abouie Mehrizi, Navid Dinparast Djadid
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Original Articles

Analysis of polymorphic region of GAM-1 gene in Plasmodium vivax Korean isolates: Weon-Gyu Kho, Joon-Yong Chung, Ui-Wook Hwang, Jin-Ho Chun, Yeong-Hong Park, Woo-Chul Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(4):313-318.
Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.4.313

Abstract
PDF

The identification, characterization and quantification of Plasmodium sp. genetic polymorphism are becoming increasingly important in the vaccine development. We investigated polymorphism of Plasmodium vivax GAM-1 (PvGAM-1) gene in 30 Korean isolates. The polymorphic region of the PvGAM-1 gene, corresponding to nt 3792-4029, was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing. All of the P. vivax Korean isolates were one type of GAM-1 gene, which were identical to that of the Belem strain. It is suggested that PvGAM-1 could not be used as a genetic marker for identifying or classifying P. vivax Korean isolates. It revealed that the polymorphic pattern was acquired basically by duplication and modification or deletion event of a 33 bp-motif fragment ended by poly guanine (G) and that there were at least three complete and one partial 33 bp-motif sequences within the polymorphic region in the longest cases such as those of South Korean and Belem isolates. In addition, we clustered P. vivax isolates with parsimonious criteria on the basis of PvGAM-1 polymorphic patterns (insertion/deletion patterns).

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Complete mitochondrial genome of a malaria vector mosquito Anopheles sinensis from South Korea
Ashraf Akintayo Akintola, Bia Park, Eun Hwa Choi, Ui Wook Hwang
Mitochondrial DNA Part B.2022; 7(5): 881. CrossRef
Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Causing Epidemic Malaria in the Republic of Korea
Young Yil Bahk, Jeonga Kim, Seong Kyu Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jong-Yil Chai, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(6): 545. CrossRef
Genetic Characteristics of Polymorphic Antigenic Markers among Korean Isolates of Plasmodium vivax
Seung-Young Hwang, So-Hee Kim, Weon-Gyu Kho
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S51. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax in India
Hema Joshi, Surendra K. Prajapati, Anju Verma, Simon Kang’a, Jane M. Carlton
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Allelic dimorphism of Plasmodium vivax gam-1 in the Indian subcontinent
Surendra K Prajapati, Anju Verma, Tridibes Adak, Rajpal S Yadav, Ashwini Kumar, Alex Eapen, Manoj K Das, Neeru Singh, Surya K Sharma, Moshahid A Rizvi, Aditya P Dash, Hema Joshi
Malaria Journal.2006;[Epub] CrossRef

8,078 View
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Analysis of polymorphic regions of Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein of Korean isolates: Weon-Gyu Kho, Joon-Yong Chung, Eun-Jeong Sim, Dong-Wook Kim, Woo-Chul Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(2):143-150.
Published online June 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.2.143

Abstract
PDF

The present study was designed to investigate polymorphism in Duffy binding protein (DBP) gene of Plasmodium vivax isolates of Korea. Thirty samples were obtained from P. vivax patients in Yonchon-gun, Kyonggi-do in 1998. The PCR products of the samples were subjected to sequencing and hybridization analyses of the regions II and IV of P. vivax DBP gene. Two genotypes, SK-1 and SK-2, were identified on the basis of amino acid substitution and deletion. The genotype of 10 isolates was SK-1 and that of 20 isolates was SK-2. Most of the predicted amino acids in the region II of DBP gene were conserved between the Korean isolates and Belem strain except for 4-5 amino acid substitutions. In the region IV of DBP, a 6-bp insert that was shown in the Sal-1 allele type was found in SK-1, and a 27-bp insert that was shown in the Papua New Guinea allele type was found in SK-2. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that two genotypes of P. vivax coexist in the endemic area of Korea.

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