Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"molecular"

Original Articles

Catatropis indicus (Digenea: Notocotylidae) from ducks in Indonesia with a brief review of the genus Catatropis: Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Marzuki Bin Muhammad Abdullah; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(4):303-316.
Published online November 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25045

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Adult notocotylid flukes (Digenea: Notocotylidae) were recovered from the ceca of Pitalah ducks (Anas sp.) in Aceh Province, Indonesia. These flukes were morphologically characterized by a median ventral ridge with 2 lateral rows of ventral papillae and the absence of both a ventral sucker and pharynx, consistent with the characteristics of the genus Catatropis. They exhibited a genital pore located just posterior to the oral sucker, 10–11 pairs of ventral papillae, a deep and multi-lobed ovary and testes, a metraterm equal in length to the cirrus sac, and ceca bearing numerous diverticula; accordingly, they were identified as Catatropis indicus Srivastava, 1935. Adult specimens measured 3.01–3.77 mm (average 3.47 mm) in length and 0.98–1.21 mm (average 1.11 mm) in width (n=8). Uterine eggs measured 0.016–0.023 mm (average 0.019 mm) in length and 0.008–0.014 mm (average 0.012 mm) in width (n=20), each bearing 2 long polar filaments. These specimens resembled Catatropis vietnamensis Izrailskaia et al., 2019, and Catatropis pakistanensis Schuster and Wibbelt, 2012, sharing features such as a genital pore immediately posterior to the oral sucker and other morphological traits. However, they differed from C. vietnamensis by having a larger body, ceca with numerous diverticula, and a broader anterior distribution of vitelline follicles. They also differed from C. pakistanensis in possessing a longer esophagus and ceca with multiple diverticula. In 28S rDNA sequence analysis, our specimens showed 99.1% identity with both C. indicus and C. vietnamensis. In contrast, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence comparisons revealed only 96.0%–96.1% identity with C. vietnamensis (no GenBank data available for C. indicus), suggesting that our specimens are phylogenetically distant from C. vietnamensis. This represents the first report of C. indicus from ducks in Indonesia. A brief review of Catatropis species is provided.

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Molecular survey of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene in pigs from various localities in Korea: Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(3):294-301.
Published online August 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24031

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Toxoplasma gondii, a common protozoan parasite, poses significant public health risks due to its potential to cause toxoplasmosis in humans and can be contracted from pigs, which are considered its critical intermediate host. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii in slaughtered pigs for human consumption, emphasizing the zoonotic implications and the need for improved biosecurity and monitoring practices in pig farming. A total of 1,526 pig samples (1,051 whole blood samples and 384 lung tissue samples from the local slaughterhouse and 91 aborted fetus samples from local farms) were collected throughout the whole country of Korea in 2020. Among them, 6 (0.4%) were found to be infected with T. gondii by nested PCR. When compared by sample type, the prevalence of T. gondii was significantly higher in the aborted fetus samples (2.2%, 2/91) than in the blood (0.3%, 3/1,051) and lung tissue samples (0.3%, 1/384). The B1 gene sequence of T. gondii was similar (97.9–99.8%) to that of the other T. gondii isolates. This study represents the first molecular genotyping survey of T. gondii in the lung tissue of fattening pigs and aborted fetuses in Korea. Our findings indicated the importance of adopting preventive measures including the implementation of rigorous farm hygiene protocols and the promotion of public awareness about the risks of consuming undercooked pork. By addressing the gaps in current control strategies and encouraging the One Health approach, this study contributes to the development of more effective strategies to mitigate the transmission of T. gondii from pigs to humans, ultimately safeguarding public health.

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Brief Communications

Monitoring antimalarial drug-resistance markers in Somalia: Abdifatah Abdullahi Jalei, Kesara Na-Bangchang, Phunuch Muhamad, Wanna Chaijaroenkul; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(1):78-83.
Published online February 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22140

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The use of an effective antimalarial drug is the cornerstone of malaria control. However, the development and spread of resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains have placed the global eradication of malaria in serious jeopardy. Molecular marker analysis constitutes the hallmark of the monitoring of Plasmodium drug-resistance. This study included 96 P. falciparum PCR-positive samples from southern Somalia. The P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene had high frequencies of K76T, A220S, Q271E, N326S, and R371I point mutations. The N86Y and Y184F mutant alleles of the P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 gene were present in 84.7 and 62.4% of the isolates, respectively. No mutation was found in the P. falciparum Kelch-13 gene. This study revealed that chloroquine resistance markers are present at high frequencies, while the parasite remains sensitive to artemisinin (ART). The continuous monitoring of ART-resistant markers and in vitro susceptibility testing are strongly recommended to track resistant strains in real time.

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Preventive interventions and diagnostic testing compliance in the management of tropical infections among patients with sickle cell disease in Tanzania
Felician Paschal Mgasa, Singeun Oh, Avelina Mgasa, Sunjoo Kang, Erasto Mbugi, Ju Yeong Kim
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(2): 147. CrossRef
Influence of genetic factors of humans, mosquitoes and parasites, on the evolution of Plasmodium falciparum infections, malaria transmission and genetic control methods: a review of the literature
Seni Nikiema, Issiaka Soulama, Gifty Dufie Ampofo, Moustapha Nikiema, Abdou Azaque Zouré, Salif Sombié, Salam Sawadogo, Nicolas Ouedraogo, Samuel Sindie Sermé, Haffsatou Sawadogo, Raïssa Ily, Guillène Y. N. Tibiri, Djamila O. A. Zouré, Nassandba Julien Ya
BMC Medical Genomics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Investigating the relationship between Pfkelch13 mutations and response to artemisinin-based treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
Stephanie van Wyk, Prabin Dahal, Chistevy Vouvoungui, Dhol S Ayuen, Farhad Shokraneh, Aboubakar Soma, James A Watson, Philippe Guerin, Karen I Barnes
BMJ Open.2025; 15(7): e100251. CrossRef
Understanding the global rise of artemisinin resistance: Insights from over 100,000 Plasmodium falciparum samples
Andrew J Balmer, Nina FD White, Eyyüb S Ünlü, Chiyun Lee, Richard D Pearson, Jacob Almagro-Garcia, Cristina Ariani
eLife.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Emergence of Plasmodium falciparum strains with artemisinin partial resistance in East Africa and the Horn of Africa: is there a need to panic?
Ashenafi Assefa, Abebe A. Fola, Geremew Tasew
Malaria Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria treatment in Metehara, Central-east Ethiopia
Mahelet Tesfaye, Ashenafi Assefa, Henok Hailgiorgis, Bokretsion Gidey, Hussein Mohammed, Getachew Tollera, Geremew Tasew, Gudissa Assefa, Worku Bekele, Hassen Mamo
Malaria Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Update on antimicrobial resistance in Somalia: Current status, challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives
Shafie Abdulkadir Hassan, Ahmed Mohamed Dirie, Nur Rashid Ahmed, Abdifetah Ibrahim Omar
Heliyon.2024; 10(20): e39434. CrossRef
Emerging threat of artemisinin partial resistance markers (pfk13 mutations) in Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in multiple geographical locations in high transmission regions of Uganda
Bosco B. Agaba, Jye Travis, David Smith, Simon P. Rugera, Maria G. Zalwango, Jimmy Opigo, Charles Katureebe, Ruth Mpirirwe, Dembo Bakary, Martin Antonio, Beshir Khalid, Joseph Ngonzi, Moses R. Kamya, Pontiano Kaleebu, Peter Piot, Qin Cheng
Malaria Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Geospatial Analysis of Malaria Burden in Kagera Region, Northwestern Tanzania Using Health Facility and Community Survey Data
Daniel A Petro, Nyimvua Shaban, Sijenunu Aaron, Frank Chacky, Samuel Lazaro, Maciej F Boni, Deus S Ishengoma
Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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A Fluorescent Recombinase Aided Amplification Assay for Detection of Babesia microti: Hong Lin, Song Zhao, Yuying Ye, Lei Shao, Nizhen Jiang, Kun Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):201-205.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.201

Babesia microti is one of the most common causative agents of babesiosis. A sensitive and rapid detection is necessary for screening potentially infected individuals. In this study, B. microti cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) was selected as the target gene, multiple primers were designed, and optimized by a recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay. The optimal primers and probe were labeled with fluorescein. The sensitivity of fluorescent RAA (fRAA) was evaluated using gradient diluents of the cox1 recombinant plasmid and genomic DNA extracted from whole blood of B. microti infected mice. The specificity of fRAA was assessed by other transfusion transmitted parasites. The analytical sensitivity of the fRAA assay was 10 copies of recombinant plasmid per reaction and 10 fg/µl B. microti genomic DNA. No cross-reaction with any other blood-transmitted parasites was observed. Our results demonstrated that the fRAA assay would be rapid, sensitive, and specific for the detection of B. microti.

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Research progress on diagnostic techniques for different Babesia species in persistent infections
Zelin Jia, Yuliang Zhang, Donghui Zhao, Haifeng Wang, Ming Yu, Zhilin Liu, Xin Zhang, Jiayu Cui, Xueli Wang
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Progress in the application of isothermal amplification technology in the diagnosis of infectious diseases
Qingshang Bi, Mengru Liu, Li Yan, Jun Cheng, Qingyang Sun, Yuzhu Dai, Lingli Zou
Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a real-time recombinase-aided amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Edwardsiella piscicida
Yuchen Dong, Dandan Zhou, Binzhe Zhang, Xiaoying Xu, Jian Zhang
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of food matrix on rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic products based on toxR gene
Darong Li, Jiayi Zhao, Weiqing Lan, Yong Zhao, Xiaohong Sun
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Molecular Markers for Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine and Chloroquine Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand: Jiraporn Kuesap, Nutnicha Suphakhonchuwong, Lertluk Kalawong, Natthaya Khumchum; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(2):109-116.
Published online April 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.2.109

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Drug resistance is an important problem hindering malaria elimination in tropical areas. Point mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (Pfdhps) genes confer resistance to antifolate drug, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) while P. falciparum chloroquine-resistant transporter (Pfcrt) genes caused resistance to chloroquine (CQ). Decline in Pfdhfr/Pfdhps and Pfcrt mutations after withdrawal of SP and CQ has been reported. The aim of present study was to investigate the prevalence of Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfcrt mutation from 2 endemic areas of Thailand. All of 200 blood samples collected from western area (Thai-Myanmar) and southern area (Thai-Malaysian) contained multiple mutations in Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes. The most prevalent haplotypes for Pfdhfr and Pfdhps were quadruple and double mutations, respectively. The quadruple and triple mutations of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps were common in western samples, whereas low frequency of triple and double mutations was found in southern samples, respectively. The Pfcrt 76T mutation was present in all samples examined. Malaria isolated from 2 different endemic regions of Thailand had high mutation rates in the Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, and Pfcrt genes. These findings highlighted the fixation of mutant alleles causing resistance of SP and CQ in this area. It is necessary to monitor the re-emergence of SP and CQ sensitive parasites in this area.

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Assessing fitness costs in malaria parasites: a comprehensive review and implications for drug resistance management
Xyonane Segovia, Bhavya Srivastava, Sergio Serrato-Arroyo, Ashley Guerrero, Silvie Huijben
Malaria Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmodium falciparum dhps and dhfr markers of resistance to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine five years (2016–2020) after the implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Cameroon
Pacome V. K. Tchuenkam, Lesley N. Ngum, Innocent M. Ali, Jean Paul K. Chedjou, Akindeh M. Nji, Palmer M. Netongo, Randolph Ngwafor, Peter Thelma N. Niba, Calvino F. Tah, William D. Nana, Germaine Ekoyol, Jude D. Bigoga, Dorothy F. Ashu, Christopher B. Tum
Wellcome Open Research.2024; 9: 323. CrossRef
Exploring the Recent Pioneering Developments of Small Molecules in Antimalarial Drug Armamentarium: A Chemistry Prospective Appraisal
Tameika Bagratee, Ritika Prawlall, Thabani Ndlovu, Sinqobile Sibisi, Sisa Ndadane, Baji Baba Shaik, Mahesh B. Palkar, Raghavachary Gampa, Rajshekhar Karpoormath
Chemistry & Biodiversity.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
In vitro efficacy of next-generation dihydrotriazines and biguanides against babesiosis and malaria parasites
Pratap Vydyam, Meenal Chand, Shalev Gihaz, Isaline Renard, Gavin D. Heffernan, Laura R. Jacobus, David P. Jacobus, Kurt W. Saionz, Raju Shah, Hong-Ming Shieh, Jacek Terpinski, Wenyi Zhao, Emmanuel Cornillot, Choukri Ben Mamoun, Audrey Odom John
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Antimalarial drug sulfadoxine induces gametocytogenesis in Plasmodium berghei
Wihda Aisarul Azmi, Andita Fitri Mutiara Rizki, Achmad Shidiq, Yenny Djuardi, I Made Artika, Josephine Elizabeth Siregar
Malaria Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of molecular markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from West Africa during 2012–2022
Ruimin Zhou, Suhua Li, Penghui Ji, Shucheng Ruan, Ying Liu, Chengyun Yang, Dan Qian, Zhiquan He, Dan Wang, Deling Lu, Hongwei Zhang, Yan Deng
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A snapshot of the prevalence of dihydropteroate synthase-431V mutation and other sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance markers in Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Nigeria
Adebanjo J. Adegbola, Omotade A. Ijarotimi, Akaninyene E. Ubom, Bukola A. Adesoji, Olajide E. Babalola, Emma F. Hocke, Helle Hansson, Andria Mousa, Oluseye O. Bolaji, Michael Alifrangis, Cally Roper
Malaria Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Current development of 1,2,3-triazole derived potential antimalarial scaffolds: Structure- activity relationship (SAR) and bioactive compounds
S. Maheen Abdul Rahman, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Suresh Thareja, Vikramdeep Monga
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2023; 259: 115699. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Molecular Identification of Cryptosporidium viatorum Infection in a Patient Suffering from Unusual Cryptosporidiosis in West Bengal, India: Sanjib Kumar Sardar, Ajanta Ghosal, Yumiko Saito-Nakano, Shanta Dutta, Tomoyoshi Nozaki, Sandipan Ganguly; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(4):409-413.
Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.409

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In this study, we have collected and screened a total of 268 stool samples from diarrheal patients admitted to an Infectious disease hospital in Kolkata for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. The initial diagnosis was carried out by microscopy followed by genus specific polymerase chain reaction assays based on 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70). DNA sequencing of the amplified locus has been employed for determination of genetic diversity of the local isolates. Out of 268 collected samples, 12 (4.48%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. Sequences analysis of 70 kDa heat shock proteins locus in 12 Cryptosporidium local isolates revealed that 2.24% and 1.86% of samples were showing 99% to 100% identity with C. parvum and C. hominis. Along with the other 2 major species one recently described globally distributed pathogenic species Cryptosporidium viatorum has been identified. The HSP70 locus sequence of the isolate showed 100% similarity with a previously described isolate of C. viatorum (Accession No. JX978274.1, JX978273.1, and JN846706.1) present in GenBank.

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Prevalence and genotype analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. in nine species of wild rodents in China
Zhen-Qiu Gao, Hai-Tao Wang, Jing-Hao Li, Yi-Xuan Song, Qing-Yu Hou, Si-Yuan Qin, He Ma, Quan Zhao, Ya Qin
Parasite.2025; 32: 19. CrossRef
Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis: An update of Asian perspectives in humans, water and food, 2015–2025
Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Sonia Boughattas, Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi, Huma Khan, Simuzar Mamedova, Ardra Namboodiri, Frederick R. Masangkay, Panagiotis Karanis
Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2025; 8: 100311. CrossRef
Critters and contamination: Zoonotic protozoans in urban rodents and water quality
Siobhon Egan, Amanda D. Barbosa, Yaoyu Feng, Lihua Xiao, Una Ryan
Water Research.2024; 251: 121165. CrossRef
An Update on Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species and Genotypes in Humans
Una Ryan, Alireza Zahedi, Yaoyu Feng, Lihua Xiao
Animals.2021; 11(11): 3307. CrossRef

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Occurrence and Molecular Identification of Microcotyle sebastis Isolated from Fish Farms of the Korean Rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii: Jun-Young Song, Keun-Yong Kim, Seo-Woo Choi; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(1):89-95.
Published online February 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.89

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Microcotyle sebastis is a gill monogenean ectoparasite that causes serious problems in the mariculture of the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. In this study, we isolated the parasite from fish farms along the coasts of Tongyeong, South Korea in 2016, and characterized its infection, morphology and molecular phylogeny. The prevalence of M. sebastis infection during the study period ranged from 46.7% to 96.7%, and the mean intensity was 2.3 to 31.4 ind./fish, indicating that the fish was constantly exposed to parasitic infections throughout the year. Morphological observations under light and scanning electron microscopes of the M. sebastis isolates in this study showed the typical characteristics of the anterior prohaptor and posterior opisthaptor of monogenean parasites. In phylogenetic trees reconstructed using the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (cox1), they consistently clustered together with their congeneric species, and showed the closest phylogenetic relationships to M. caudata and M. kasago in the cox1 tree.

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Redescription of Microcotyle elegans (Polyopisthocotyla: Microcotylidae) from Scombrops boops (Perciformes: Scombropidae) off Japanese Waters
Yusuke Kamio, Masato Nitta
Species Diversity.2025; 30(2): 111. CrossRef
Microscopic findings of host–parasite interaction between the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, and the monogenean ectoparasite, Microcotyle sebastis
Sang Phil Shin, Seokryel Kim
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(4): 490. CrossRef
The genus Microcotyle in Mediterranean scorpaenoids (Teleostei), including the description of Microcotyle merche n. sp. from Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809)
M. Víllora-Montero, A. Pérez-del-Olmo, M. Valmaseda-Angulo, J.A. Raga, F.E. Montero
Journal of Helminthology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Correlation of endemicity between monogenean trematode, Microcotyle sebastis, and parasitic copepods in Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, from a fish farm in Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
Won-Sik Woo, Gyoungsik Kang, Kyung-Ho Kim, Ha-Jeong Son, Min-Young Sohn, Chan-Il Park
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 332. CrossRef
Assessment of Salinomycin’s Potential to Treat Microcotyle sebastis in Korean Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)
Won-Sik Woo, Sang Hee Shim, Gyoungsik Kang, Kyung-Ho Kim, Ha-Jeong Son, Min-Young Sohn, Seungjin Lee, Jaekyeong Kim, Jung-Soo Seo, Mun-Gyeong Kwon, Do-Hyung Kim, Chan-Il Park
Animals.2023; 13(20): 3233. CrossRef
Description of a New Species, Microcotyle pacinkar n. sp. (Monogenea: Microcotylidae), Parasitic on Gills of Sebastes taczanowskii (Sebastidae) from off Usujiri, Hokkaido, Northern Japan
Yusuke Kamio, Masato Nitta
Species Diversity.2023; 28(2): 263. CrossRef
Kannaphallus leptosomus n. sp. (Monogenea: Heteraxinidae: Cemocotylinae) parasitizing Scyris indica (Carangiformes: Carangidae) from Malaysia
Masato Nitta, Yusuke Kondo, Susumu Ohtsuka, Ahmad Syazni Kamarudin, Norshida Ismail
Systematic Parasitology.2022; 99(5): 587. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Clinostomid Metacercariae from Korea and Myanmar: Eun Jeong Won, Yu Jeong Lee, Moon-Ju Kim, Jong-Yil Chai, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(6):635-645.
Published online December 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.635

Abstract
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Morphological and molecular characterization of clinostomid metacercariae (CMc) was performed with the specimens collected in fish from Korea and Myanmar. Total 6 batches of clinostomid specimens by the fish species and geographical localities, 5 Korean and 1 Myanmar isolates, were analyzed with morphological (light microscopy and SEM) and molecular methods (the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene and internal transcribed spacer 1/5.8S rRNA sequence). There were some morphological variations among CMc specimens from Korea. However, some morphometrics, i.e., the size of worm body and each organ, ratio of body length to body width, and morphology of cecal lumens, were considerably different between the specimens from Korea and Myanmar. The surface ultrastructures were somewhat different between the specimens from Korea and Myanmar. The CO1 sequences of 5 Korean specimens ranging 728-736 bp showed 99.6-100% identity with Clinostomum complanatum (GenBank no. KM923964). They also showed 99.9-100% identity with C. complanatum (FJ609420) in the ITS1 sequences ranging 692-698 bp. Meanwhile, the ITS1 sequences of Myanmar specimen showed 99.9% identity with Euclinostomum heterostomum (KY312847). Five sequences from Korean specimens clustered with the C. complanatum genes, but not clustered with Myanmar specimens. Conclusively, it was confirmed that CMc from Korea were morphologically and molecularly identical with C. complanatum and those from Myanmar were E. heterostomum.

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Population structure of Clinostomum complanatum (Trematoda: Digenea) with new data on haplotype diversity of flukes from Slovakia and Italy
Ľudmila Juhásová, Eva Čisovská Bazsalovicsová, Monica Caffara, Alžbeta Radačovská, Andrea Gustinelli, Lucia Dinisová, Yaroslav Syrota, Ivica Králová-Hromadová
Parasite.2025; 32: 3. CrossRef
Genetic variation of the freshwater snail Indoplanorbis exustus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Thailand, inferred from 18S and 28S rDNA sequences
Abdulhakam Dumidae, Chanakan Subkrasae, Jiranun Ardpairin, Supawan Pansri, Chanatinat Homkaew, Aunchalee Thanwisai, Apichat Vitta
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and identification of cyathocotylid trematodes infecting African catfish in Egypt
Asmaa M. I. Abuzeid, Mahmoud M. Hefni, Amal K. El-Gayar, Yue Huang, Guoqing Li
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Freshwater pulmonate snails and their potential role as trematode intermediate host in a cercarial dermatitis outbreak in Southern Thailand
Thanaporn Wongpim, Jirayus Komsuwan, Chanyanuch Janmanee, Piyawan Thongchot, Sukhonta Limsampan, Nattarinee Wichiannarat, Wiyada Chaowatut, Saranphat Suwanrat, Wivitchuta Dechruksa, Nuanpan Veeravechsukij, Matthias Glaubrecht, Duangduen Krailas
Evolutionary Systematics.2023; 7(2): 293. CrossRef
Cercarial dermatitis outbreak caused by ruminant parasite with intermediate snail host: schistosome in Chana, South Thailand
Duangduen Krailas, Suluck Namchote, Jirayus Komsuwan, Thanaporn Wongpim, Kitja Apiraksena, Matthias Glaubrecht, Pichaya Sonthiporn, Choopong Sansawang, Sirirat Suwanrit
Evolutionary Systematics.2022; 6(2): 151. CrossRef
La Presentación de Jesús en el Templo de Diego Valentín Díaz: una nueva interpretación
Carmen De Tena Ramírez
Archivo Español de Arte.2022; 95(378): 121. CrossRef
Characterization of Clinostomum sp. (Trematoda: Clinostomidae) infecting cormorants in south-eastern Australia
Shokoofeh Shamsi, Diane P. Barton, Scott Day, Juliet Masiga, Xiaocheng Zhu, Matthew McLellan
Parasitology Research.2021; 120(8): 2793. CrossRef

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Morphological and Molecular Diagnosis of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum Recovered from Villagers in Northern Cambodia: Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Jeonggyu Lee, Keon Hoon Lee, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(6):619-625.
Published online December 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.619

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Human hookworm infections caused by adult Ancylostoma spp. and Necator americanus are one of the most important tropical diseases. We performed a survey of intestinal helminths using the Kato-Katz fecal examination technique targeting 1,156 villagers residing in 2 northern provinces (Preah Vihear and Stung Treng) of Cambodia in 2018. The results revealed a high overall egg positive rate of intestinal helminths (61.9%), and the egg positive rate of hookworms was 11.6%. Nine of the hookworm egg positive cases in Preah Vihear Province were treated with 5-10 mg/kg pyrantel pamoate followed by purging with magnesium salts, and a total of 65 adult hookworms were expelled in diarrheic stools. The adult hookworms were analyzed morphologically and molecularly to confirm the species. The morphologies of the buccal cavity and dorsal rays on the costa were observed with a light microscope, and the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were analyzed. The majority of the hookworm adults (90.7%) were N. americanus, whereas the remaining 9.3% were Ancylostoma ceylanicum, a rare hookworm species infecting humans. The results revealed a high prevalence of hookworm infections among people in a northern part of Cambodia, suggesting the necessity of a sustained survey combined with control measures against hookworm infections.

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The occurrence of cross-host species soil-transmitted helminth infections in humans and domestic/livestock animals: A systematic review
Uniqueky Gratis Mawrie, Riviarynthia Kharkongor, María Martínez Valladares, Stella Kepha, Sitara S. R. Ajjampur, Rajiv Sarkar, Rachel Pullan, Muhammad Asaduzzaman
PLOS Global Public Health.2025; 5(8): e0004614. CrossRef
Hookworm infections in carnivores in Iran: a One Health concern
Meysam Sharifdini, Aida Vafae Eslahi, Majid Pirestani, Ali Asghari, Giovanni Sgroi, Elham Hajialilo, Arian Ghannadi Karimi, Anastasia Diakou, Milad Badri
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Integrated Eco-Health approach significantly reduces helminth infections in endemic Khong islands with emphasis on Schistosoma mekongi
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Morphology and Molecular Identification of Echinostoma revolutum and Echinostoma macrorchis in Freshwater Snails and Experimental Hamsters in Upper Northern Thailand: Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Chalobol Wongsawad, Pheravut Wongsawad, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):499-511.
Published online October 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.499

Abstract
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Echinostome metacercariae were investigated in freshwater snails from 26 districts in 7 provinces of upper northern Thailand. The species identification was carried out based on the morphologies of the metacercariae and adult flukes harvested from experimental hamsters, and on nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes. Twenty-four out of 26 districts were found to be infected with echinostome metacercariae in freshwater snails with the prevalence of 40.4%. The metacercariae were found in all 6 species of snails, including Filopaludina martensi martensi (21.9%), Filopaludina doliaris (50.8%), F. sumatrensis polygramma (61.3%), Bithynia siamensis siamensis (14.5%), Bithynia pulchella (38.0%), and Anenthome helena (4.9%). The echinostome metacercariae found in these snails were identified as Echinostoma revolutum (37-collar-spined) and Echinostoma macrorchis (45-collar-spined) morphologically and molecularly. The 2-week-old adult flukes of E. revolutum revealed unique features of the cirrus sac extending to middle of the ventral sucker and smooth testes. E. macrorchis adults revealed the cirrus sac close to the right lateral margin of the ventral sucker and 2 large and elliptical testes with slight indentations and pointed posterior end of the posterior testis. The ITS2 and nad1 sequences confirmed the species identification of E. revolutum, and the sequences of E. macrorchis have been deposited for the first time in Gen-Bank. The presence of the life cycle of E. macrorchis is a new record in Thailand and the snail F. doliaris as their second intermediate host seems to be new among the literature.

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Filling the void: Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of helminths assemblage from the Egyptian egret Bubulcus ibis
Nada A. Ibrahim, Ismail M. Shalaby, Mahi A. Ghobashy, Azza A. Taeleb, Elham A. Elkhawass
Parasitology International.2025; 104: 102972. CrossRef
The Nuclear Ribosomal Transcription Units of Two Echinostomes and Their Taxonomic Implications for the Family Echinostomatidae
Yu Cao, Ye Li, Zhong-Yan Gao, Bo-Tao Jiang
Biology.2025; 14(8): 1101. CrossRef
Prevalence of Foodborne Trematodes in Small Indigenous Fish Species in Local Markets of Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Domenico Caruso, Lin Kong, Samnang Keo, Sreyni Yoeurn, Samphal Seng
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2024; 24(3): 141. CrossRef
Morphological and molecular characteristics of Paralecithodendrium longiforme (Digenea: Lecithodendriidae) adults and cercariae from Chinese pipistrelle bats and viviparid snails in Thailand
Thitichai Arttra, Pheravut Wongsawad, Chalobol Wongsawad, Nattawadee Nantarat, Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Jong-Yil Chai
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 85. CrossRef
Development and utilization of a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay for rapid detection of Echinostomatidae metacercaria in edible snail samples
Wasin Panich, Phonkawin Jaruboonyakorn, Awika Raksaman, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 418: 110732. CrossRef
Genetic diversity and population structure of the helminths intermediate host Anentome helena (von dem Busch, 1847) in northern Thailand
Nithinan Chomchoei, Chalobol Wongsawad, Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Nattawadee Nantarat
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2024; 17(12): 536. CrossRef
Morphological and DNA analyses reveal cryptic diversity in Anentome wykoffi (Brandt, 1974) (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand
Nithinan Chomchoei, Thierry Backeljau, Piyatida Pimvichai, Ting Hui Ng, Nattawadee Nantarat, Gonzalo Giribet
Invertebrate Systematics.2023; 37(11): 755. CrossRef
High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai, Watchariya Purivirojkul
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Unwanted ‘hitchhikers’ of ornamental snails: a case report of digeneans transported via the international pet trade
A. Stanicka, R. Maciaszek, A. Cichy, J. Templin, W. Świderek, E. Żbikowska, A. M. Labecka
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N. Chomchoei, T. Backeljau, B. Segers, C. Wongsawad, P. Butboonchoo, N. Nantarat
Journal of Helminthology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae) from Striped Field Mice, Apodemus agrarius, in Korea: Hyeon Cheol Kim, Eui Ju Hong, Si Yun Ryu, Jinho Park, Jeong Gon Cho, Do Hyeon Yu, Joon Seok Chae, Kyoung Seong Choi, Bae Keun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(4):403-411.
Published online August 25, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.403

Abstract
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Adult ascarid worms from the field mice, Apodemus agrarius, were observed with a light and scanning electron microscope, and molecularly analized with 18S rRNA gene. In the scanning electron microscope, 3 prominent labia were present in the anterior end of male and female worms, but the interlabia and gubernaculum were absent. Scanning electron micrographs showed cervical alae as vestigial organs that looked like a slightly uplifted superficial sewing stitch. Total 6 pairs of post-cloacal papillae were observed on the tail of the male worms. The tail of female worms was blunt and conical shape with a spine-like structure, mucron. The eggs were sub-globular, coated with the albuminous layer and 73 by 82 μm in average size. The superficial pits of T. apodemi egg (mean 8.6×6.7 μm) are obviously bigger than those of Toxocara spp. The partial sequence of 18S rRNA showed the sequence homology of Toxocara canis (99.6%), Toxocara cati (99.4%), Toxascaris leonina (99.4%), and Toxocara vitulorum (99.2%). Conclusively, it was confirmed that ascarid nematodes, Toxocara apodemi, recovered from striped field mice in Korea are taxonomically conspecific relationship with genus Toxocara and genetic divergence from other Toxocara species.

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First molecular characterization and species validation of Toxocara alienata (Rudolphi 1819) (Nematoda: Ascarididae), from a crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus)
Gustavo Macêdo do Carmo, Lorena Gisela Ailán-Choke, Hassan Jerdy, Hermínio Ismael de Araújo-Júnior, Felipe Bisaggio Pereira
Parasitology International.2026; 111: 103160. CrossRef
Parasites in the Digestive Tract of Lion (Panthera leo) at the Safari Park of Gurun Putih Lestari Jantho, Aceh Besar
Fajri Dwitama, Razali Daud, Arman Sayuti, Yudha Fahrimal
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Incidence and Risk Factors of Toxocara vitulorum Infection in Beef Cattle of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Vika Ichsania Ninditya, Fitrine Ekawasti, Joko Prastowo, Irkham Widiyono, Wisnu Nurcahyo
World's Veterinary Journal.2024; 14(4): 592. CrossRef
Characterisation of the mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae)
Y. Gao, Y. Hu, S. Xu, H. Liang, H. Lin, T. H. Yin, K. Zhao
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The Complete Mitogenome of Toxocara vitulorum: Novel In-Sights into the Phylogenetics in Toxocaridae
Yue Xie, Lidan Wang, Yijun Chen, Zhao Wang, Pengchen Zhu, Zun Hu, Xinfeng Han, Zhisheng Wang, Xuan Zhou, Zhicai Zuo
Animals.2022; 12(24): 3546. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Molecular Diagnosis of Taenia saginata Tapeworms from Two Residents of Northern Cambodia: Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Jeonggyu Lee, Keon Hoon Lee, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):201-204.
Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.201

Abstract
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Taenia saginata infection has seldom been reported in Cambodia. In this study, we performed a survey of intestinal parasites in 1,156 residents of Preah Vihear and Stung Treng Provinces in 2018. The results revealed that 26 (2.4%) cases were positive for Taenia spp. eggs. In order to obtain the strobilae of the tapeworms, 2 patients in Preah Vihear were treated with praziquantel and purged with magnesium salts. The proglottids expelled after the medication were morphologically and molecularly analyzed to determine the species. The main uterine lateral braches in gravid proglottids were >15 in number suggesting that they are either T. saginata or Taenia asiatica. The sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene and 2 nuclear loci, elongation factor-1 alpha (ef1) and ezrin-radixin-moesin-like protein (elp), were identical to the sequences of T. saginata available in GenBank but distant from Taenia solium, T. asiatica, and T. saginata-T. asiatica hybrid. This is the first report of the presence of T. saginata in the northern part of Cambodia bordering Lao PDR based on a molecular confirmation.

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High endemicity of Opisthorchis viverrini infection among people in northern Cambodia confirmed by adult worm expulsion
Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Jaeeun Cho, Seungwan Ryoo, Keon Hoon Lee, Jeonggyu Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Occurrence of a Hybrid Between Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica Tapeworms in Cambodia
Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Jeonggyu Lee, Keon Hoon Lee, Hansol Park, Keeseon S. Eom, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(2): 179. CrossRef
Morphological and Molecular Diagnosis of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum Recovered from Villagers in Northern Cambodia
Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Jeonggyu Lee, Keon Hoon Lee, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 619. CrossRef

7,755 View
155 Download
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Diagnosis and Molecular Analysis on Imported Plasmodium ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri Malaria Cases from West and South Africa during 2013-2016: Hyun-Il Shin, Bora Ku, Yu Jung Kim, Tae Yun Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(1):61-65.
Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.61

Abstract
PDF

Majority of the imported malaria cases in Korea is attributed to Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections, whereas P. malariae and P. ovale infections are very rare. Falciparum and ovale malaria are mostly imported from Africa, while most of the vivax malaria cases are imported from Southeast Asia. Here, we report 6 Korean imported ovale malaria cases (4 males and 2 females) who had visited in Africa during 2013-2016. These subjects were diagnosed with P. ovale based on microscopic findings, Plasmodium species-specific nested-PCR, and phylogenetic clade using 18S rRNA gene sequences. We identified 2 P. ovale subtypes, 1 P. ovale curtisi (classic type) and 5 P. ovale wallikeri (variant type). All patients were treated with chloroquine and primaquine, and no relapse or recrudescence was reported for 1 year after treatment. With increase of travelers to the countries where existing Plasmodium species, the risk of Plasmodium infection is also increasing. Molecular monitoring for imported malaria parasites should be rigorously and continuously performed to enable diagnosis and certification of Plasmodium spp.

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Adriana de Oliveira Fernandes, Valéria Vieira Moura Paixão, Yria Jaine Andrade Santos, Eduardo Borba Alves, Ricardo Pereira Rodrigues, Daniela Aparecida Chagas-Paula, Aurélia Santos Faraoni, Rosana Casoti, Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista, Marcel Bermude
Drugs and Drug Candidates.2025; 4(3): 33. CrossRef
Epidemiological Profile and Risk Factors for Malaria in Rural Communities Before the Operationalization of the Singrobo–Ahouaty Dam, Southern Côte d’Ivoire
Taki Jean Deles Avenié, Kigbafori Dieudonné Silué, Négnorogo Guindo-Coulibaly, Naférima Koné, Sadikou Touré, Kouamé Laurent Valian, Kouassi Séraphin Kouadio, Alloua Marie Joelle Bédia, Boza Fulgence Déabo, Klotcholman Diabagaté, Christian Nsanzabana, Jean
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2025; 10(7): 197. CrossRef
Missed Plasmodium ovale Infections Among Symptomatic Persons in Angola, Mozambique, and Ethiopia
Colleen M Leonard, Jimee Hwang, Ashenafi Assefa, Rose Zulliger, Baltazar Candrinho, Pedro Rafael Dimbu, Abuchahama Saifodine, Mateusz Plucinski, Eric Rogier
Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Elevated plasma α1-antichymotrypsin is a biomarker candidate for malaria patients
Young Yil Bahk, Sang Bong Lee, Jong Bo Kim, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Dong Min Kim, Sungkeun Lee
BMB Reports.2022; 55(11): 571. CrossRef
Recent Spatial and Temporal Trends of Malaria in Korea
Yeong Hoon Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Dongjae Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 585. CrossRef

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Case Report

Coenurosis of Yak, Bos grunniens, caused by Taenia multiceps: A Case Report with Molecular Identification in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China: Xue-Yong Zhang, Ying-Na Jian, Hong Duo, Xiu-Ying Shen, Yi-Juan Ma, Yong Fu, Zhi-Hong Guo; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(4):423-427.
Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.423

Abstract
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Coenurosis is an important zoonotic helminthic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia multiceps. This parasite typically infects the brain of the intermediate hosts, including sheep, goat, cattle and even humans. We report a case of T. multiceps infection in a yak confirmed by clinical symptoms, morphological characteristics, and molecular and phylogenetic analyses. The coenurus was thin-walled, whitish, and spherical in shape with a diameter of 10 cm. The parasite species was identified as T. multiceps by PCR amplification and sequencing of the 18S rRNA, cox1 and nad1 genes. Three gene sequences all showed high homology (all above 97%) with the reference sequences from different hosts. Moreover, phylogenetic reconstructions with the 3 published Taenia gene sequences confirmed that the Qinghai yak isolate was closely related to T. multiceps. Although there are advanced diagnosis and treatment methods for coenurosis, early infection is difficult to diagnose. Importantly, the findings of yak infection case should not be ignored due to its zoonotic potential.

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Treatment and management of coenurosis by Taenia multiceps: field data from outbreaks in endemic regions and literature review
I. Abbas, C. Tamponi, G. Madau, L. Cavallo, A. Varcasia, A. Scala
Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Taenia multiceps coenurosis: a review
Antonio Varcasia, Claudia Tamponi, Fahad Ahmed, Maria Grazia Cappai, Francesca Porcu, Naunain Mehmood, Giorgia Dessì, Antonio Scala
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

8,604 View
108 Download
2 Web of Science
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Mini Review

Acanthamoeba in Southeast Asia ? Overview and Challenges: Chooseel Bunsuwansakul, Tooba Mahboob, Kruawan Hounkong, Sawanya Laohaprapanon, Sukhuma Chitapornpan, Siriuma Jawjit, Atipat Yasiri, Sahapat Barusrux, Kingkan Bunluepuech, Nongyao Sawangjaroen, Cristina C. Salibay, Chalermpon Kaewjai, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Veeranoot Nissapatorn; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(4):341-357.
Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.341

Abstract
PDF

Acanthamoeba, one of free-living amoebae (FLA), remains a high risk of direct contact with this protozoan parasite which is ubiquitous in nature and man-made environment. This pathogenic FLA can cause sight-threatening amoebic keratitis (AK) and fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) though these cases may not commonly be reported in our clinical settings. Acanthamoeba has been detected from different environmental sources namely; soil, water, hot-spring, swimming pool, air-conditioner, or contact lens storage cases. The identification of Acanthamoeba is based on morphological appearance and molecular techniques using PCR and DNA sequencing for clinico-epidemiological purposes. Recent treatments have long been ineffective against Acanthamoeba cyst, novel anti-Acanthamoeba agents have therefore been extensively investigated. There are efforts to utilize synthetic chemicals, lead compounds from medicinal plant extracts, and animal products to combat Acanthamoeba infection. Applied nanotechnology, an advanced technology, has shown to enhance the anti-Acanthamoeba activity in the encapsulated nanoparticles leading to new therapeutic options. This review attempts to provide an overview of the available data and studies on the occurrence of pathogenic Acanthamoeba among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) members with the aim of identifying some potential contributing factors such as distribution, demographic profile of the patients, possible source of the parasite, mode of transmission and treatment. Further, this review attempts to provide future direction for prevention and control of the Acanthamoeba infection.

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Case Report

The First Case of Diarrhoea in Tibetan Sheep, Ovis aries, Caused by Balantidium coli in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China: Ying-Na Jian, Ge-Ping Wang, Xiu-Ping Li, Xue-Yong Zhang, Li-Qing Ma; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(6):603-607.
Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.603

Abstract
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This study was carried out to determine the pathogen-causing diarrhoea in sheep Ovis aries in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China. A trophozoite was identified as species of ciliate alveolates infecting the sheep based on morphological characteristics examined by microscope. It was mostly spherical, colourless and transparent, with many vesicles. Macronucleus and contractile vacuoles could not be distinguished. Size of the trophozoite was 80-180 × 70-150 μm and its surface was covered with cilia. Molecular analysis based on sequences of 18S rRNA and ITS genes confirmed the ciliate species as Balantidium coli. According to the literature, there have been many epidemiological investigations of B. coli infection in pigs, monkeys and humans. To our knowledge, this was the first report of B. coli infections in sheep in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area of China, or eleswhere around the world. Importantly, the sheep case was rare but raised our concern that B. coli may spread across species and expand its host range.

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Original Articles

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Toxocara tanuki (Nematoda: Ascaridae) from Korean Raccoon Dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis: Umanets Alexander, Chae-Wong Lim, Bumseok Kim, Eui-Ju Hong, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bae-Keun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(6):567-575.
Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.567

Abstract
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Present study was performed to describe the morphological and molecular characterization of Toxocara tanuki (Nematoda: Ascaridae) from Korean raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, naturally infected in the Republic of Korea (Korea). Juvenile and adult worms of T. tanuki were recovered in 5 out of 10 raccoon dogs examined and the larval worms were detected in 15 out of 20 muscle samples (75%). Small lateral alae were observed on the cranial end of the body in male and female adults and 2 long spicules (3.0-3.5 mm) were characteristically observed in the posterior end of males. In SEM observation, 18 pairs of proximal precloacal, a precloacal median, a postcloacal median and 5 pairs of postcloacal papillae were uniquely revealed in the posterior portion of males, but the proximal papillae were not shown in the lateral ends of females. Molecular analysis on the 18S rRNA partial DNA sequences was revealed the same finding in both samples, adult worms and muscle larvae, which are closely related to T. tanuki. In conclusion, it was confirmed for the first time that T. tanuki is indigenously distributed, the Korean raccoon dog is acted as the natural definitive host of this nematode in Korea and the morphological characteristics of T. tanuki were shown in specific structure for single postcloacal median papilla in male.

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Molecular Genetic Findings of Spirometra decipiens and S. ranarum in Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(4):359-364.
Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.4.359

Abstract
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The taxonomy of Spirometra species has been controversial despite the medical and veterinary importance. Currently, only a few Spirometra species are considered valid species in the genus Spirometra. In the present study, the distribution of Spirometra species obtained from animals in Korea were identified by molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene. A total of 28 Spirometra species specimens were analyzed. These were all collected between 1973 and 2008 in the Republic of Korea. Mitochondrial cox1 sequences were examined for a total of 28 specimens comprising 14 S. decipiens and 14 S. ranarum. The difference in partial cox1 sequences (316 bp) between S. erinaceieuropaei (KJ599680) and S. ranarum (this study) was 9.3%, while that between S. decipiens (KJ599679) and S. ranarum (this study) was 2.2%. Genetic analyses identified 2 Spirometra species in animals such as cat, leopard cat, dog, duck and snake in Korea as S. decipiens and S. ranarum. S. decipiens and S. ranarum were present in Gyeongnam Province (P), Jeonnam P, Gangwon P, Chungbuk P, and Seoul. S. decipiens was found in tadpoles, snakes, ducks, cats, leopard cats and dogs, while S. ranarum was found in cats and dogs. The ratio of S. decipiens:S. ranarum calculated from the molecular data was 14:14 (or 1:1). These results indicate that S. decipiens and S. ranarum are sympatrically distributed in Korea.

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Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of Spirometra ranarum: Comparison with S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens
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Genetic and Morphologic Identification of Spirometra ranarum in Myanmar: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Sang-Hwa Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):275-280.
Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.275

Abstract
PDF

In the present study, we identified a Spirometra species of Myanmar origin (plerocercoid) by molecular analysis using mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes, as well as by morphological observations of an adult tapeworm. Spargana specimens were collected from a paddy-field in Taik Kyi Township Tarkwa Village, Yangon, Myanmar in December 2017. A total of 5 spargana were obtained from 20 frogs Hoplobatrachus rugulosus; syn: Rana rugulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) or R. tigrina (Steindachner, 1867). The plerocercoids were used for experimental infection of a dog. After 4 weeks of infection, an adult tapeworm was recovered from the intestine of the dog. Morphologically, the distinct features of Spirometra sp. (Myanmar origin) relative to S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens include a uterine morphology comprising posterior uterine coils that larger than the terminal uterine ball and coiling of the uteri diagonally (swirling) rather than spirally. The cox1 sequences (1,566 bp) of the Myanmar-origin Spirometra species showed 97.9% similarity to a reference sequence of S. decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679) and 90.5% similarity to a reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei (GenBank no. KJ599680). Phylogenetic tree topologies were identical and presented high confidence level of values for the 3 major branches of the 3 Spirometra species in cox1 and nad1 genes. These results indicated that Myanmar-origin Spirometra species coincided with those of S. ranarum and may be considered as a valid species.

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Brief Communication

Spirometra decipiens (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) Collected in A Heavily Infected Stray Cat from the Republic of Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):87-91.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.87

Abstract
PDF

Morphological and molecular characteristics of spirometrid tapeworms, Spirometra decipiens, were studied, which were recovered from a heavily infected stray cat road-killed in Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do (Province), the Republic of Korea (=Korea). A total of 134 scolices and many broken immature and mature proglottids of Spirometra tapeworms were collected from the small intestine of the cat. Morphological observations were based on 116 specimens. The scolex was 22.8-32.6 mm (27.4 mm in average) in length and small spoon-shape with 2 distinct bothria. The uterus was coiled 3-4 times, the end of the uterus was ball-shaped, and the vaginal aperture shaped as a crescent moon was closer to the cirrus aperture than to the uterine aperture. PCR amplification and direct sequencing of the cox1 target fragment (377 bp in length and corresponding to positions 769-1,146 bp of the cox1 gene) were performed using total genomic DNA extracted from 134 specimens. The cox1 sequences (377 bp) of the specimens showed 99.0% similarity to the reference sequence of S. decipiens and 89.3% similarity to the reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei. In the present study, we report a stray cat heavily infected with S. decipiens identified by mitochondrial cox1 sequence analysis and morphological examinations of the adult worms.

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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 359. CrossRef

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Case Reports

A Case of Furuncular Myiasis Due to Cordylobia anthropophaga in a Korean Traveler Returning from Uganda: Su-Min Song, Shin-Woo Kim, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Yeonchul Hong, Meesun Ock, Hee-Jae Cha, Dong-Il Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):327-331.
Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.327

Abstract
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A fly larva was recovered from a boil-like lesion on the left leg of a 33-year-old male on 21 November 2016. He has worked in an endemic area of myiasis, Uganda, for 8 months and returned to Korea on 11 November 2016. The larva was identified as Cordylobia anthropophaga by morphological features, including the body shape, size, anterior end, posterior spiracles, and pattern of spines on the body. Subsequent 28S rRNA gene sequencing showed 99.9% similarity (916/917 bp) with the partial 28S rRNA gene of C. anthropophaga. This is the first imported case of furuncular myiasis caused by C. anthropophaga in a Korean overseas traveler.

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Majed H Wakid, Yasser S Sharafeldein, Angham A Almakki, Dhuha A Alidrisi, Abeer A Bashinim
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Rafael A.N. Ramos, Hassan Hakimi, Sidouin K. Metinou, Wachellet Danzabe, Macon Overcast, Jeremiah Cox, Rebecca Garabed, Philip Tchindebet Ouakou, Richard Ngandolo Bongo Nare, Fernando Torres-Velez, Lucienne Tritten, Meriam N. Saleh, Guilherme G. Verocai
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Lidija Popović Dragonjić, Andrija Jović, Irena Janković, Jelena Miladinović, Aleksandar Ranković, Maja Cvetanović, Relja Beck, Dinko Novosel, Thomas Pape, Pavle Banović
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Prabhat Chandra Sarmah, Saidul Islam, Dilip Kumar Deka, Kanta Bhattacharjee, Kuntola Roy
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Forensically Important Blow Flies Chrysomya pinguis, C. villeneuvi, and Lucilia porphyrina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a Case of Human Remains in Thailand: Tawatchai Monum, Kabkaew L. Sukontason, Pongruk Sribanditmongkol, Kom Sukontason, Chutharat Samerjai, Kwankamol Limsopatham, Suttida Suwannayod, Tunwadee Klong-klaew, Anchalee Wannasan; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):71-76.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.71

Abstract
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This is the first study to report Chrysomya pinguis (Walker) and Lucilia porphyrina (Walker) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as forensically important blow fly species from human cadavers in Thailand, in addition to Chrysomya villeneuvi (Patton) already known in Thailand. In 2016, a fully decomposed body of an unknown adult male was discovered in a high mountainous forest during winter in Chiang Mai province. The remains were infested heavily with thousands of blow fly larvae feeding simultaneously on them. Morphological identification of adults reared from the larvae, and molecular analysis based on sequencing of 1,247 bp partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (CO1) of the larvae and puparia, confirmed the above mentioned 3 species. The approving forensic fly evidence by molecular approach was described for the first time in Thailand. Moreover, neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis of the CO1 was performed to compare the relatedness of the species, thereby affirming the accuracy of identification. As species of entomofauna varies among cases in different geographic and climatic circumstances, C. pinguis and L. porphyrina were added to the list of Thai forensic entomology caseworks, including colonizers of human remains in open, high mountainous areas during winter. Further research should focus on these 3 species, for which no developmental data are currently available.

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Gisele Antoniazzi Cardoso, Vanessa A. S. Cunha, Bruno C. Genevcius, Tais Madeira‐Ott, Bárbara Maria de Andrade Costa, Daniela Munhoz Rossoni, Patricia Jacqueline Thyssen, Tatiana Teixeira Torres
Ecology and Evolution.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Nikolas P. Johnston, Nathan J. Butterworth, Kelly A. Meiklejohn, Andrzej Grzywacz, Thomas Pape, Krzysztof Szpila, James F. Wallman
Austral Entomology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Initial insights into using outline-based geometric morphometrics of the larval cephaloskeleton to identify forensically important calliphorids in Thailand
Wanida Kanta, Sangob Sanit, Kabkaew L Sukontason, Jean-Pierre Dujardin, Sebastien Dujardin, Kwankamol Limsopatham, Ian Dadour
Journal of Medical Entomology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Geometry of posterior larval spiracles to identify medically and forensically important calliphorids in Thailand
Wanida Kanta, Kwankamol Limsopatham, Kabkaew L. Sukontason, Kom Sukontason, Jean-Pierre Dujardin, Sebastien Dujardin, Sangob Sanit
Acta Tropica.2024; 252: 107126. CrossRef
The Study of Forensically Important Insects Recovered from Human Corpses in Taiwan
Wei-Lun Yan, Chiou-Herr Yang, Siew Hwa Tan, Chung-Yen Pai, Kan-Kun Li, Chen-Chou Chung
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Wing morphometrics as a tool for the identification of forensic important Lucilia spp. (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Kwankamol Limsopatham, Chatnaphat Tanajitaree, Sangob Sanit, Kom Sukontason, Pradya Somboon, Jens Amendt, Nina Feddern, Kabkaew L. Sukontason
Acta Tropica.2022; 226: 106242. CrossRef
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Debajyoti Kabiraj, Hasnahana Chetia, Adhiraj Nath, Pragya Sharma, Ponnala Vimal Mosahari, Deepika Singh, Palash Dutta, Kartik Neog, Utpal Bora
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Chrysomya pinguis (Walker) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), blow fly of forensic importance: A review of bionomics and forensic entomology appraisal
Kabkaew L. Sukontason, Sangob Sanit, Kwankamol Limsopatham, Anchalee Wannasan, Pradya Somboon, Kom Sukontason
Acta Tropica.2022; 232: 106506. CrossRef
ORIGIN OF MYIASIS
Alen J Salerian
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Lena Lutz, Jens Amendt
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M Denise Gemmellaro, George C Hamilton, Jessica L Ware
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Yu Wang, Zhiya Gu, Liangliang Li, Jiangfeng Wang
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Yingna Zhang, Yu Wang, Jian Sun, Guoliang Hu, Man Wang, Jens Amendt, Jiangfeng Wang
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Kabkaew L. Sukontason, Tanin Bhoopat, Anchalee Wannasan, Narin Sontigun, Sangob Sanit, Jens Amendt, Chutharat Samerjai, Kom Sukontason
Forensic Sciences Research.2018; 3(1): 83. CrossRef
Predicting Geographic Distribution of Forensically Significant Blow Flies of Subfamily Chrysomyinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Northern Thailand
Tunwadee Klong-klaew, Ratchadawan Ngoen-klan, Kittikhun Moophayak, Kom Sukontason, Kim N. Irvine, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Pradya Somboon, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap, Hiromu Kurahashi, Kabkaew L. Sukontason
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Molecular Analysis of Forensically Important Blow Flies in Thailand
Narin Sontigun, Kabkaew L. Sukontason, Jens Amendt, Barbara K. Zajac, Richard Zehner, Kom Sukontason, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap, Anchalee Wannasan
Insects.2018; 9(4): 159. CrossRef
Spatial Distribution of Forensically Significant Blow Flies in Subfamily Luciliinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand: Observations and Modeling Using GIS
Tunwadee Klong-klaew, Ratchadawan Ngoen-klan, Kittikhun Moophayak, Kom Sukontason, Kim N. Irvine, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Hiromu Kurahashi, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap, Pradya Somboon, Kabkaew L. Sukontason
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Morphology of immature stages of blow fly, Lucilia sinensis Aubertin (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a potential species of forensic importance
Sangob Sanit, Kom Sukontason, Hiromu Kurahashi, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Anchalee Wannasan, Rungroj Kraisittipanit, Kabkaew L. Sukontason
Acta Tropica.2017; 176: 395. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Molecular Phylogenetics of Centrocestus formosanus (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Originated from Freshwater Fish from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand: Chalobol Wongsawad, Pheravut Wongsawad, Kom Sukontason, Worawit Maneepitaksanti, Nattawadee Nantarat; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):31-37.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.31

Abstract
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This study aimed to investigate the morphology and reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of Centrocestus formosanus originating from 5 species of freshwater fish, i.e., Esomus metallicus, Puntius brevis, Anabas testudineus, Parambassis siamensis, and Carassius auratus, in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and phylogeny based on internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) were performed. The results showed similar morphologies of adult C. formosanus from day 5 after infection in chicks. C. formosanus originated from 4 species of freshwater fish had the same number of circumoral spines on the oral sucker, except for those from C. auratus which revealed 34 circumoral spines. The phylogenetic tree obtained from SRAP profile and the combination of ITS2 and CO1 sequence showed similar results that were correlated with the number of circumoral spines in adult worms. Genetic variability of C. formosanus also occurred in different species of freshwater fish hosts. However, more details of adult worm morphologies and more sensitive genetic markers are needed to confirm the species validity of C. formosanus with 34 circumoral spines originating from C. auratus in the future.

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Laddawan Patarwut, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai, Watchariya Purivirojkul
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Antonino Pace, Ludovico Dipineto, Serena Aceto, Maria Concetta Censullo, Maria Carmen Valoroso, Lorena Varriale, Laura Rinaldi, Lucia Francesca Menna, Alessandro Fioretti, Luca Borrelli
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Atcharaphan Wanlop, Chalobol Wongsawad, Pongphol Prattapong, Pheravut Wongsawad, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(4): 445. CrossRef

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Molecular Detection of Spirometra decipiens in the United States: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):503-507.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.503

Abstract
PDF

The genus Spirometra belongs to the family Diphyllobothriidae and order Pseudophyllidea, and includes intestinal parasites of cats and dogs. In this study, a plerocercoid labeled as Spirometra mansonoides from the USA was examined for species identification and phylogenetic analysis using 2 complete mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (nad3). The cox1 sequences (1,566 bp) of the plerocercoid specimen (USA) showed 99.2% similarity to the reference sequences of the plerocercoid of Korean Spirometra decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679), and 99.1% similarity in regard to nad3 (346 bp). Phylogenetic tree topologies generated using 4 analytical methods were identical and showed high confidence levels with bootstrap values of 1.00, 100%, 100%, and 100% for Bayesian inference (BI), maximum-likelihood (ML), neighbor-joining (NJ), and maximum parsimony (MP) methods, respectively. Representatives of Diphyllobothrium and Spirometra species formed a monophyletic group, and the sister-genera status between these species was well supported. Trapezoic proglottids in the posterior 1/5 region of an adult worm obtained from an experimentally infected cat were morphologically examined. The outer uterine loop of the uterus coiling characteristically consisted of 2 complete turns. The results clearly indicated that the examined Spirometra specimen from the USA matched to S. decipiens very well, and indicated possible presence of the life cycle of this species in this region.

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Tilak Chandra Nath, Keeseon S. Eom, Seongjun Choe, Shahadat Hm, Saiful Islam, Barakaeli Abdieli Ndosi, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Sunmin Kim, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee
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Shoko YOGO, Sakurako IMAMURA, Kiko NAGAI, Kayo HARADA, Eiji NAGAYASU, Haruhiko MARUYAMA, Kazunori URABE
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Wilai Saksirisampant, Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom, Buravej Assavapongpaiboon, Sunisa Sintuwong, Wasee Tulvatana
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 577. CrossRef
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Brief Communication

First Report of Echinococcus equinus in a Donkey in Turkey: Sami Simsek, Erifylli Roinioti, Hatice Eroksuz; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):731-735.
Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.731

Abstract
PDF

A 2-year-old female donkey (Equus asinus) was euthanized in the Pathology Department of Firat University, Elazig, Turkey. Necropsy disclosed the presence of 7 hydatid cysts distributed throughout the lung parenchyma. One of those cysts represented the parasite material of the present study and was molecularly identified through sequencing of a fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NADH1) gene, as Echinococcus equinus. The generated CO1 sequence supports the presence of the dominant haplotype as has been described in Europe and Africa. The NADH1 sequence was found similar to sequences reported in equids in Egypt and the United Kingdom. The molecular identification of E. equinus in a donkey is being reported for the first time in Turkey.

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BMC Veterinary Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Figen Çelik, Muhammed Ahmed Selçuk, Muhammet Usluğ, Afra Sena Tekin, Sami Şimşek
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Original Article

Molecular Identification of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense from 3 Human Cases in Heilongjiang Province with a Brief Literature Review in China: Weizhe Zhang, Fei Che, Song Tian, Jing Shu, Xiaoli Zhang; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):683-688.
Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.683

Abstract
PDF

Human diphyllobothriasis is a widespread fish-borne zoonosis caused by the infection with broad tapeworms belonging to the genus Diphyllobothrium. In mainland China, so far 20 human cases of Diphyllobothrium infections have been reported, and the etiologic species were identified as D. latum and D. nihonkaiense based on morphological characteristics or molecular analysis. In the present study, proglottids of diphyllobothriid tapeworms from 3 human cases that occurred in Heilongjiang Province, China were identified as D. nihonkaiense by sequencing mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) genes. Two different cox1 gene sequences were obtained. One sequence showed 100% homology with those from humans in Japan. The remaining cox1 gene sequence and 2 different nad5 gene sequences obtained were not described previously, and might reflect endemic genetic characterizations. D. nihonkaiense might also be a major causative species of human diphyllobothriasis in China. Meanwhile, the finding of the first pediatric case of D. nihonkaiense infection in China suggests that infants infected with D. nihonkaiense should not be ignored.

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Dietary footprints of a global parasite: diagnosing Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis in non-endemic regions
Wilson G.W. Goh, Jean-Marc Chavatte, Gabriel Z.R. Yan, Yuan Yi Constance Chen, Mark Dhinesh Muthiah, Lionel H.W. Lum
Gut Pathogens.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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A. G. Dragomeretskaya, Yu. I. Moskvina, V. O. Kotova, L. V. Butakova, S. I. Gaer, O. E. Trotsenko, E. V. Podorozhnyuk
Russian Journal of Parasitology.2024; 18(4): 388. CrossRef
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Emerging Infectious Diseases.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Four Human Cases of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense (Eucestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in China with a Brief Review of Chinese Cases
Yu-Chun Cai, Shao-Hong Chen, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Jia-Xu Chen, Yan Lu, Yong-Nian Zhang, Hao Li, Lin Ai, Hai-Ning Chen
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 319. CrossRef
Intestinal cestodes
Camille Webb, Miguel M. Cabada
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases.2017; 30(5): 504. CrossRef

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Case Report

A Rare Human Case of Dirofilaria repens Infection in the Subcutaneous Posterior Thorax with Molecular Identification: Tran Anh Le, Thuat Thang Vi, Khac Luc Nguyen, Thanh Hoa Le; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(3):329-333.
Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.329

Abstract
PDF

The emergence of dirofilarial infections in Asia including Vietnam is a clinically significant threat to the community. We here report a rare case of subcutaneous Dirofilaria repens infection on the posterior thoracic wall in a young woman presenting a painful, itchy, and palpable nodule. The adult worm was identified by mitochondrial cox1 and nuclear ITS-2 sequence determination. The diagnosis was additionally confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing of the endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis commonly co-existing with D. repens. This is a rare case of subcutaneous human infection on the posterior thoracic region caused by D. repens.

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Parasitology International.2023; 92: 102683. CrossRef
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Original Articles

Molecular Prevalence of Acarapis Mite Infestations in Honey Bees in Korea: Ah-Jin Ahn, Kyu-Sung Ahn, Jin-Hyeong Noh, Young-Ha Kim, Mi-Sun Yoo, Seung-Won Kang, Do-Hyeon Yu, Sung Shik Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(3):315-320.
Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.315

Abstract
PDF

Acarapis mites, including Acarapis woodi, Acarapis externus, and Acarapis dorsalis, are parasites of bees which can cause severe damage to the bee industry by destroying colonies and decreasing honey production. All 3 species are prevalent throughout many countries including UK, USA, Iran, Turkey, China, and Japan. Based on previous reports of Acarapis mites occurring in northeast Asia, including China and Japan, we investigated a survey of Acarapis mite infestations in honey bees in Korean apiaries. A total of 99 colonies of Apis mellifera were sampled from 5 provinces. The head and thorax of 20 bees from each colony were removed for DNA extraction. PCR assays were performed with 3 primer sets, including T, A, and K primers. Results indicated that 42.4% (42/99) of samples were Acarapis-positive by PCR assay which were sequenced to identify species. Each sequence showed 92.6-99.3% homology with reference sequences. Based on the homology, the number of colonies infected with A. dorsalis was 32 which showed the highest infection rate among the 3 species, while the number of colonies infected with A. externus and A. woodi was 9 and 1, respectively. However, none of the Acarapis mites were morphologically detected. This result could be explained that all apiaries in the survey used acaricides against bee mites such as Varroa destructor and Tropilaelaps clareae which also affect against Acarapis mites. Based on this study, it is highly probable that Acarapis mites as well as Varroa and Tropilaelaps could be prevalent in Korean apiaries.

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Lucas Lannutti, Fernanda Noemi Gonzales, Maria José Dus Santos, Mónica Florin-Christensen, Leonhard Schnittger
Veterinary Sciences.2022; 9(5): 221. CrossRef
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A.R. Salau, O.N. Adekunle, O.A. Lawal
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Nature Communications.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Human Infections with Spirometra decipiens Plerocercoids Identified by Morphologic and Genetic Analyses in Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Kyu-Heon Kim, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(3):299-305.
Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.299

Abstract
PDF

Tapeworms of the genus Spirometra are pseudophyllidean cestodes endemic in Korea. At present, it is unclear which Spirometra species are responsible for causing human infections, and little information is available on the epidemiological profiles of Spirometra species infecting humans in Korea. Between 1979 and 2009, a total of 50 spargana from human patients and 2 adult specimens obtained from experimentally infected carnivorous animals were analyzed according to genetic and taxonomic criteria and classified as Spirometra erinaceieuropaei or Spirometra decipiens depending on the morphology. Morphologically, S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens are different in that the spirally coiled uterus in S. erinaceieuropaei has 5-7 complete coils, while in S. decipiens it has only 4.5 coils. In addition, there is a 9.3% (146/1,566) sequence different between S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens in the cox1 gene. Partial cox1 sequences (390 bp) from 35 Korean isolates showed 99.4% (388/390) similarity with the reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei from Korea (G1724; GenBank KJ599680) and an additional 15 Korean isolates revealed 99.2% (387/390) similarity with the reference sequences of S. decipiens from Korea (G1657; GenBank KJ599679). Based on morphologic and molecular databases, the estimated population ratio of S. erinaceieuropaei to S. decipiens was 35: 15. Our results indicate that both S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens found in Korea infect humans, with S. erinaceieuropaei being 2 times more prevalent than S. decipiens. This study is the first to report human sparganosis caused by S. decipiens in humans in Korea.

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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(3): 275. CrossRef
Molecular and Morphologic Identification of Spirometra ranarum Found in the Stool of African Lion, Panthera leo in the Serengeti Plain of Tanzania
Keeseon S. Eom, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Yeseul Kang, Mohammed Mebarek Bia, Sang-Hwa Lee, Julius Keyyu, Robert Fyumagwa, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon
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Molecular Genetic Findings of Spirometra decipiens and S. ranarum in Korea
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 359. CrossRef
Human Sparganosis in Korea
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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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Tetsuya Okino, Hiroshi Ushirogawa, Kumiko Matoba, Shin-ichiro Nishimatsu, Mineki Saito
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Molecular identification of intramuscular and subcutaneous Spirometra erinaceiuropaei sparganosis in a Japanese patient
Tomoko Kudo, Ai Fujioka, Masataka Korenaga, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Yasuyuki Morishima, Hiromu Sugiyama, Hideki Nakajima, Shigetoshi Sano
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Tommy H.C. Tang, Samson S.Y. Wong, Christopher K.C. Lai, Rosana W.S. Poon, Helen S.Y. Chan, Tak Chiu Wu, Yuk-Fai Cheung, Tak-Lap Poon, Yi-Po Tsang, Wai-Lun Tang, Alan K.L. Wu
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Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Kyu-Heon Kim, Woon- Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(2): 181. CrossRef
Parasitism by larval tapeworms genus Spirometra in South American amphibians and reptiles: new records from Brazil and Uruguay, and a review of current knowledge in the region
Fabrício H. Oda, Claudio Borteiro, Rodrigo J. da Graça, Luiz Eduardo R. Tavares, Alejandro Crampet, Vinicius Guerra, Flávia S. Lima, Sybelle Bellay, Letícia C. Karling, Oscar Castro, Ricardo M. Takemoto, Gilberto C. Pavanelli
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Rapid identification of nine species of diphyllobothriidean tapeworms by pyrosequencing
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(4): 455. CrossRef

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Allelic Diversity and Geographical Distribution of the Gene Encoding Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein-3 in Thailand: Vorthon Sawaswong, Phumin Simpalipan, Napaporn Siripoon, Pongchai Harnyuttanakorn, Sittiporn Pattaradilokrat; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(2):177-187.
Published online April 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.177

Abstract
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Merozoite surface proteins (MSPs) of malaria parasites play critical roles during the erythrocyte invasion and so are potential candidates for malaria vaccine development. However, because MSPs are often under strong immune selection, they can exhibit extensive genetic diversity. The gene encoding the merozoite surface protein-3 (MSP-3) of Plasmodium falciparum displays 2 allelic types, K1 and 3D7. In Thailand, the allelic frequency of the P. falciparum msp-3 gene was evaluated in a single P. falciparum population in Tak at the Thailand and Myanmar border. However, no study has yet looked at the extent of genetic diversity of the msp-3 gene in P. falciparum populations in other localities. Here, we genotyped the msp-3 alleles of 63 P. falciparum samples collected from 5 geographical populations along the borders of Thailand with 3 neighboring countries (Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia). Our study indicated that the K1 and 3D7 alleles coexisted, but at different proportions in different Thai P. falciparum populations. K1 was more prevalent in populations at the Thailand-Myanmar and Thailand-Cambodia borders, whilst 3D7 was more prevalent at the Thailand-Laos border. Global analysis of the msp-3 allele frequencies revealed that proportions of K1 and 3D7 alleles of msp-3 also varied in different continents, suggesting the divergence of malaria parasite populations. In conclusion, the variation in the msp-3 allelic patterns of P. falciparum in Thailand provides fundamental knowledge for inferring the P. falciparum population structure and for the best design of msp-3 based malaria vaccines.

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Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1 antigen from the Northeast Indian state of Tripura and comparison with global sequences: implications for vaccine development
Tulika Nirmolia, Md. Atique Ahmed, Vinayagam Sathishkumar, Nilanju P. Sarma, Dibya R. Bhattacharyya, Pradyumna K. Mohapatra, Devendra Bansal, Praveen K. Bharti, Rakesh Sehgal, Jagadish Mahanta, Ali A. Sultan, Kanwar Narain, Saurav J. Patgiri
Malaria Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic polymorphism of merozoite surface protein-3 in Myanmar Plasmodium falciparum field isolates
Hương Giang Lê, Thị Lam Thái, Jung-Mi Kang, Jinyoung Lee, Mya Moe, Tuấn Cường Võ, Haung Naw, Moe Kyaw Myint, Zaw Than Htun, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Joon Shin, Byoung-Kuk Na
Malaria Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Unraveling Haplotype Diversity of the Apical Membrane Antigen-1 Gene in Plasmodium falciparum Populations in Thailand
Lalita Lumkul, Vorthon Sawaswong, Phumin Simpalipan, Morakot Kaewthamasorn, Pongchai Harnyuttanakorn, Sittiporn Pattaradilokrat
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(2): 153. CrossRef
Genetic diversity of the merozoite surface protein-3 gene in Plasmodium falciparum populations in Thailand
Sittiporn Pattaradilokrat, Vorthon Sawaswong, Phumin Simpalipan, Morakot Kaewthamasorn, Napaporn Siripoon, Pongchai Harnyuttanakorn
Malaria Journal.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

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Molecular Characterization of Various Trichomonad Species Isolated from Humans and Related Mammals in Indonesia: Mudyawati Kamaruddin, Masaharu Tokoro, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Shunsuke Arayama, Anggi P.N. Hidayati, Din Syafruddin, Puji B.S. Asih, Hisao Yoshikawa, Ei Kawahara; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):471-478.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.471

Abstract
PDF

Trichomonad species inhabit a variety of vertebrate hosts; however, their potential zoonotic transmission has not been clearly addressed, especially with regard to human infection. Twenty-one strains of trichomonads isolated from humans (5 isolates), pigs (6 isolates), rodents (6 isolates), a water buffalo (1 isolate), a cow (1 isolate), a goat (1 isolate), and a dog (1 isolate) were collected in Indonesia and molecularly characterized. The DNA sequences of the partial 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene or 5.8S rRNA gene locus with its flanking regions (internal transcribed spacer region, ITS1 and ITS2) were identified in various trichomonads; Simplicimonas sp., Hexamastix mitis, and Hypotrichomonas sp. from rodents, and Tetratrichomonas sp. and Trichomonas sp. from pigs. All of these species were not detected in humans, whereas Pentatrichomonas hominis was identified in humans, pigs, the dog, the water buffalo, the cow, and the goat. Even when using the high-resolution gene locus of the ITS regions, all P. hominis strains were genetically identical; thus zoonotic transmission between humans and these closely related mammals may be occurring in the area investigated. The detection of Simplicimonas sp. in rodents (Rattus exulans) and P. hominis in water buffalo in this study revealed newly recognized host adaptations and suggested the existence of remaining unrevealed ranges of hosts in the trichomonad species.

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Case Report

A Case of Fasciola hepatica Infection Mimicking Cholangiocarcinoma and ITS-1 Sequencing of the Worm: Bong Kyun Kang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Yoon Suk Lee, In Kyeom Hwang, Hyemi Lim, Jaeeun Cho, Jin-Hyeok Hwang, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(2):193-196.
Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.193

Abstract
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Fascioliasis is a zoonotic infection caused by Fasciola hepatica or Fasciola gigantica. We report an 87-year-old Korean male patient with postprandial abdominal pain and discomfort due to F. hepatica infection who was diagnosed and managed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with extraction of 2 worms. At his first visit to the hospital, a gallbladder stone was suspected. CT and magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed an intraductal mass in the common bile duct (CBD) without proximal duct dilatation. Based on radiological findings, the presumed diagnosis was intraductal cholangiocarcinoma. However, in ERCP which was performed for biliary decompression and tissue diagnosis, movable materials were detected in the CBD. Using a basket, 2 living leaf-like parasites were removed. The worms were morphologically compatible with F. hepatica. To rule out the possibility of the worms to be another morphologically close species, in particular F. gigantica, 1 specimen was processed for genetic analysis of its ITS-1 region. The results showed that the present worms were genetically identical (100%) with F. hepatica but different from F. gigantica.

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Original Article

Occurrence and Molecular Identification of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 from Marine Fish in Southern Makassar Strait, Indonesia: Hilal Anshary, Sriwulan, Mark A. Freeman, Kazuo Ogawa; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):9-19.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.9

Abstract
PDF

Anisakis spp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasitize a wide range of marine animals, mammals serving as the definitive host and different fish species as intermediate or paratenic hosts. In this study, 18 fish species were investigated for Anisakis infection. Katsuwonus pelamis, Euthynnus affinis, Caranx sp., and Auxis thazard were infected with high prevalence of Anisakis type I, while Cephalopholis cyanostigma and Rastrelliger kanagurta revealed low prevalence. The mean intensity of Anisakis larvae in K. pelamis and A. thazard was 49.7 and 5.6, respectively. A total of 73 Anisakis type I larvae collected from K. pelamis and A. thazard were all identified as Anisakis typica by PCR-RFLP analysis. Five specimens of Anisakis from K. pelamis and 15 specimens from A. thazard were sequenced using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and 6 specimens from A. thazard and 4 specimens from K. pelamis were sequenced in mtDNA cox2 region. Alignments of the samples in the ITS region showed 2 patterns of nucleotides. The first pattern (genotype) of Anisakis from A. thazard had 100% similarity with adult A. typica from dolphins from USA, whereas the second genotype from A. thazard and K. pelamis had 4 base pairs different in ITS1 region with adult A. typica from USA. In the mtDNA cox2 regions, Anisakis type I specimens from A. thazard and K. pelamis showed similarity range from 94% to 99% with A. typica AB517571/DQ116427. The difference of 4 bp nucleotides in ITS1 regions and divergence into 2 subgroups in mtDNA cox2 indicating the existence of A. typica sibling species in the Makassar Strait.

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Case Report

Four Cases of Taenia saginata Infection with an Analysis of COX1 Gene: Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Lim, Min-Jae Kim, Thanapon Yooyen, Dongmin Lee, Keeseon S. Eom, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):79-83.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.79

Abstract
PDF

Human taeniases had been not uncommon in the Republic of Korea (=Korea) until the 1980s. The prevalence decreased and a national survey in 2004 revealed no Taenia egg positive cases. However, a subsequent national survey in 2012 showed 0.04% (10 cases) prevalence of Taenia spp. eggs suggesting its resurgence in Korea. We recently encountered 4 cases of Taenia saginata infection who had symptoms of taeniasis that included discharge of proglottids. We obtained several proglottids from each case. Because the morphological features of T. saginata are almost indistinguishable from those of Taenia asiatica, molecular analyses using the PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) were performed to identify the species. The PCR-RFLP patterns of all of the 4 specimens were consistent with T. saginata, and the cox1 gene sequence showed 99.8-100% identity with that of T. saginata reported previously from Korea, Japan, China, and Cambodia. All of the 4 patients had the history of travel abroad but its relation with contracting taeniasis was unclear. Our findings may suggest resurgence of T. saginata infection among people in Korea.

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Taenia saginata Infection Misdiagnosed as Acute Cholecystitis in a Tibetan Patient, in China
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A co-infection case report of Taenia saginata in a patient with subclinical clonorchiasis confirmed by the combination of diagnostic tools
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Eun Jeong Won, Ju Hyeon Shin, Yu Jeong Lee, Moon-Ju Kim, Seung Ji Kang, Sook In Jung, Soo Hyun Kim, Jong Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai, Sung-Shik Shin
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Brief Communication

Molecular Detection of Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, and Necator americanus in Humans in Northeastern and Southern Thailand: Issarapong Phosuk, Pewpan M. Intapan, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Oranuch Sanpool, Penchom Janwan, Porntip Laummaunwai, Witthaya Aamnart, Nimit Morakote, Wanchai Maleewong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):747-749.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.747

Abstract
PDF

The 2 principal species of hookworms infecting humans are Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale. Case studies on zoonotic hookworm infections with Ancylostoma ceylanicum and/or Ancylostoma caninum are known mainly from Asian countries. Of these 2 zoonotic species, only A. ceylanicum can develop to adulthood in humans. In the present study, we report a molecular-based survey of human hookworm infections present in southern and northeastern Thailand. Thirty larval hookworm samples were obtained from fecal agar plate cultures of 10 patients in northeastren Thailand and 20 in southern Thailand. Partial ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 regions of the ribosomal DNA genes were amplified using PCR. The amplicons were sequenced, aligned, and compared with other hookworm sequences in GenBank database. The results showed that, in Thailand, N. americanus is more prevalent than Ancylostoma spp. and is found in both study areas. Sporadic cases of A. ceylanicum and A. duodenale infection were seen in northeastern Thailand.

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Case Report

Sparganosis Presenting as Cauda Equina Syndrome with Molecular Identification of the Parasite in Tissue Sections: Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Pornsuk Cheunsuchon, Prajak Srirabheebhat, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Wanchai Maleewong, Pewpan M. Intapan; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):739-742.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.739

Abstract
PDF

A 52-year-old woman presented with lower back pain, progressive symmetrical paraparesis with sensory impairment, and sphincter disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the whole spine revealed multiple intradural extramedullary serpiginous-mass lesions in the subarachnoid space continuously from the prepontine to the anterior part of the medulla oblongata levels, C7, T2-T8, and T12 vertebral levels distally until the end of the theca sac and filling-in the right S1 neural foramen. Sparganosis was diagnosed by demonstration of the sparganum in histopathological sections of surgically resected tissues and also by the presence of serum IgG antibodies by ELISA. DNA was extracted from unstained tissue sections, and a partial fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was amplified using a primer set specific for Spirometra spp. cox1. After sequencing of the PCR-amplicon and alignment of the nucleotide sequence data, the causative agent was identified as the larva of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei.

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Wanchai Maleewong, Pewpan M. Intapan, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Pornsuk Cheunsuchon, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Yupin Suputtamongkol, Oranuch Sanpool
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2014; 91(2): 389. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Haplorchis taichui and Comparative Analysis with Other Trematodes: Dongmin Lee, Seongjun Choe, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):719-726.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.719

Abstract
PDF

Mitochondrial genomes have been extensively studied for phylogenetic purposes and to investigate intra- and interspecific genetic variations. In recent years, numerous groups have undertaken sequencing of platyhelminth mitochondrial genomes. Haplorchis taichui (family Heterophyidae) is a trematode that infects humans and animals mainly in Asia, including the Mekong River basin. We sequenced and determined the organization of the complete mitochondrial genome of H. taichui. The mitochondrial genome is 15,130 bp long, containing 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs, a small and a large subunit), and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Like other trematodes, it does not encode the atp8 gene. All genes are transcribed from the same strand. The ATG initiation codon is used for 9 protein-coding genes, and GTG for the remaining 3 (nad1, nad4, and nad5). The mitochondrial genome of H. taichui has a single long non-coding region between trnE and trnG. H. taichui has evolved as being more closely related to Opisthorchiidae than other trematode groups with maximal support in the phylogenetic analysis. Our results could provide a resource for the comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of trematodes, and may yield genetic markers for molecular epidemiological investigations into intestinal flukes.

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Molecular Variation in the Paragonimus heterotremus Complex in Thailand and Myanmar: Oranuch Sanpool, Pewpan M. Intapan, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Penchom Janwan, Yukifumi Nawa, David Blair, Wanchai Maleewong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):677-681.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.677

Abstract
PDF

Paragonimiasis is an important food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. Of the 7 members of the genus known in Thailand until recently, only P. heterotremus has been confirmed as causing human disease. An 8th species, P. pseudoheterotremus, has recently been proposed from Thailand, and has been found in humans. Molecular data place this species as a sister species to P. heterotremus, and it is likely that P. pseudoheterotremus is not specifically distinct from P. heterotremus. In this study, we collected metacercariae of both nominal species (identification based on metacercarial morphology) from freshwater crabs from Phetchabun Province in northern Thailand, Saraburi Province in central Thailand, and Surat Thani Province in southern Thailand. In addition, we purchased freshwater crabs imported from Myanmar at Myawaddy Province, western Thailand, close to the Myanmar-Thailand border. The DNAs extracted from excysted metacercariae were PCR-amplified and sequenced for ITS2 and cox1 genes. The ITS2 sequences were nearly identical among all samples (99-100%). Phylogenies inferred from all available partial cox1 sequences contained several clusters. Sequences from Indian P. heterotremus formed a sister group to sequences from P. pseudoheterotremus-type metacercariae. Sequences of P. heterotremus from Thailand, Vietnam, and China formed a separate distinct clade. One metacercaria from Phitsanulok Province was distinct from all others. There is clearly considerable genetic variation in the P. heterotremus complex in Thailand and the form referred to as P. pseudoheterotremus is widely distributed in Thailand and the Thai-Myanmar border region.

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Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2025; 128: 105718. CrossRef
Nuclear ribosomal transcription units in Asian Paragonimus species (Paragonimidae: Platyhelminthes): genetic characteristics, polymorphism, and implications for intersuperfamilial phylogeny
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Acta Parasitologica.2022; 67(1): 316. CrossRef
The potential use of mitochondrial ribosomal genes (12S and 16S) in DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis of trematodes
Abigail Hui En Chan, Naowarat Saralamba, Sompob Saralamba, Jiraporn Ruangsittichai, Urusa Thaenkham
BMC Genomics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1262. CrossRef
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Case Report

Molecular Diagnosis of an Ocular Toxocariasis Patient in Vietnam: Nguyen Van De, Nguyen Vu Trung, Le Van Duyet, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):563-567.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.563

Abstract
PDF

An ocular Toxocara canis infection is reported for the first time in Vietnam. A 34-year-old man residing in a village of Son La Province, North Vietnam, visited the National Eye Hospital (NEH) in August 2011. He felt a bulge-sticking pain in his left eye and loss of vision occurred over 3 months before visiting the hospital. The eye examination in the hospital showed damage of the left eye, red eye, retinal fibrosis, retinal detachment, inflammation of the eye tissues, retinal granulomas, and a parasitic cyst inside. A larva of Toxocara was collected with the cyst by a medical doctor by surgery. Comparison of 264 nucleotides of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA was done between our Vietnamese Toxocara canis and other Toxocara geographical isolates, including Chinese T. canis, Japanese T. canis, Sri Lankan T. canis, and Iranian T. canis. The nucleotide homology was 97-99%, when our T. canis was compared with geographical isolates. Identification of a T. canis infection in the eye by a molecular method was performed for the first time in Vietnam.

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Articles from Symposium on Asian Taenia (October 2011, Osong, Korea)

Molecular Approaches to Taenia asiatica: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):1-8.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.1

Abstract
PDF

Taenia solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica are taeniid tapeworms that cause taeniasis in humans and cysticercosis in intermediate host animals. Taeniases remain an important public health concerns in the world. Molecular diagnostic methods using PCR assays have been developed for rapid and accurate detection of human infecting taeniid tapeworms, including the use of sequence-specific DNA probes, PCR-RFLP, and multiplex PCR. More recently, DNA diagnosis using PCR based on histopathological specimens such as 10% formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and stained sections mounted on slides has been applied to cestode infections. The mitochondrial gene sequence is believed to be a very useful molecular marker for not only studying evolutionary relationships among distantly related taxa, but also for investigating the phylo-biogeography of closely related species. The complete sequence of the human Taenia tapeworms mitochondrial genomes were determined, and its organization and structure were compared to other human-tropic Taenia tapeworms for which complete mitochondrial sequence data were available. The multiplex PCR assay with the Ta4978F, Ts5058F, Tso7421F, and Rev7915 primers will be useful for differential diagnosis, molecular characterization, and epidemiological surveys of human Taenia tapeworms.

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Original Article

Molecular Identification of a Trichinella Isolate from a Naturally Infected Pig in Tibet, China: Ling Zhao Li, Zhong Quan Wang, Peng Jiang, Xi Zhang, Hui Jun Ren, Jing Cui; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):381-384.
Published online December 16, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.381

Abstract
PDF

The first human case with trichinellosis was reported in 1964 in Tibet, China. However, up to the present, the etiological agent of trichinellosis has been unclear. The aim of this study was to identify a Tibet Trichinella isolate at a species level by PCR-based methods. Multiplex PCR revealed amplicon of the expected size (173 bp) for Trichinella spiralis in assays containing larval DNA from Tibet Trichinella isolate from a naturally infected pig. The Tibet Trichinella isolate was also identified by PCR amplification of the 5S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region (5S ISR) and mitochondrial large-subunit ribosomal RNA (mt-lsrDNA) gene sequences. The results showed that 2 DNA fragments (749 bp and 445 bp) of the Tibet Trichinella isolate were identical to that of the reference isolates of T. spiralis. The Tibet Trichinella isolate might be classifiable to T. spiralis. This is the first report on T. spiralis in southwestern China.

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Brief Communication

Molecular Identification of Taenia Tapeworms by Cox1 Gene in Koh Kong, Cambodia: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Tai-Soon Yong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Sung-Jong Hong, Eun-Taek Han, Hoo-Gn Jeong, Tep Chhakda, Muth Sinuon, Duong Socheat, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(2):195-197.
Published online June 14, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.195

Abstract
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We collected fecal samples from 21 individuals infected with Taenia tapeworms in Koh Kong Province, Cambodia, and performed nucleotide sequencing of the cox1 gene and multiplex PCR on the eggs for DNA differential diagnosis of human Taenia tapeworms. Genomic DNA was extracted from the eggs of a minimum number of 10 isolated from fecal samples. Using oligonucleotide primers Ta7126F, Ts7313F, Tso7466F, and Rev7915, the multiplex PCR assay proved useful for differentially diagnosing Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, and Taenia asiatica based on 706, 629, and 474 bp bands, respectively. All of the Taenia specimens from Kho Kong, Cambodia, were identified as either T. saginata (n=19) or T. solium (n=2) by cox1 sequencing and multiplex PCR.

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Original Articles

Molecular Markers for Identification of Stellantchasmus falcatus and a Phylogenic Study using the HAT-RAPD Method: Chalobol Wongsawad, Pheravut Wongsawad; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):303-307.
Published online December 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.303

Abstract
PDF

Stellantchasmus falcatus is a minute intestinal fluke in the family Heterophyidae. Metacercariae, the infective stage, were reported in a marine fish, mullet Liza subviridis, and a fresh water fish, Dermogenus pusillus, in Thailand. Adults were found in chicks, rats, cats, and humans. Morphological studies were done for comparing Stellantchasmus sp. worms found in 2 different fish hosts; their shapes and organ arrangements were very similar except for the prepharynx length. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare their DNA fingerprints using the HAT-RAPD method for both types of Stellantchasmus and several other related species. Ten arbitrarily selected primers (OPA-04, OPA-09, OPN-02, OPN-03, OPN-09, OPN-12, OPP-11, OPR-15, OPX-13, and OPAD-01) were used. It was found that OPA-09, OPN-03, and OPAD-01 were able to generate S. falcatus specific fragments in mullets which consisted of 200, 760, and 280 bp, respectively. In addition, the results of morphologic, DNA fingerprinting, and phylogenetic analyses strongly suggest that the fresh water and marine specimens of Stellantchamus may be different species.

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Molecular Variation and Distribution of Anopheles fluviatilis (Diptera: Culicidae) Complex in Iran: Saied Reza Naddaf, Mohammad Reza Razavi, Golnaz Bahramali; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(3):231-236.
Published online September 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.231

Abstract
PDF

Anopheles fluviatilis James (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the known malaria vectors in south and southeastern Iran. Earlier ITS2 sequences analysis of specimens from Iran demonstrated only a single genotype that was identical to species Y in India, which is also the same as species T. We identified 2 haplotypes in the An. fluviatilis populations of Iran based on differences in nucleotide sequences of D3 domain of the 28S locus of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Comparison of sequence data from 44 Iranian specimens with those publicly available in the Genbank database showed that all of the 28S-D3 sequences from Kazeroun and Khesht regions in Fars Province were identical to the database entry representing species U in India. In other regions, all the individuals showed heterozygosity at the single nucleotide position, which identifies species U and T. It is argued that the 2 species may co-occur in some regions and hybridize; however, the heterozygosity in the 28S-D3 locus was not reflected in ITS2 sequences and this locus for all individuals was identical to species T. This study shows that in a newly diverged species, like members of An. fluviatilis complex, a single molecular marker may not be sufficiently discriminatory to identify all the taxa over a vast geographical area. In addition, other molecular markers may provide more reliable information for species discrimination.

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Mini Review

Molecular Phylogeny of Acanthamoeba: Hyun Hee Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(Suppl):S21.
Published online October 26, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S21

Abstract
PDF

After morphological grouping of Acanthamoeba by Pussard and Pons, phylogeny of the genus has been always a big topic to the researchers. Because of the variability of morphological characteristics, unchangeable and stable characters have been investigated for phylogenic criteria. Isoenzyme and mitochondrial DNA RFLP (Mt DNA RFLP) analyses revealed different patterns among strains assigned to a same species. Therefore, these characteristics would be considered as tools for strain discrimination than species identification. The most recently developed and the most promising method is the sequence analysis of 18s ribosomal RNA coding DNA (18s rDNA). The phylogenic tree based on comparison of 18s rDNA sequences distinguished the 3 morphological groups of Acanthamoeba and divided them into 12 unique sequence types (T1-T12 genotypes). Most clinical and environmental isolates belonged to the morphological group II and the genotype T4. In the Republic of Korea, 2 strains of Acanthamoeba, YM-2 and YM-3, were first isolated from the environment in 1974. However, phylogenic identification of Korean Acanthamoeba isolates from human infections or the environment were tried from the late 1990s. By RFLP analysis or total sequence analysis of 18s rDNA revealed that almost all clinical isolates including the one from a suspicious granulomatous amebic encephalitis patient belonged to the genotype T4. A large number of environmental isolates from contact lens storage cases, tapped water, and ocean sediments also belonged to the genotype T4. Almost identical strain characteristics, such as Mt DNA RFLP pattern of environmental isolates, with the clinical isolates could make a simple conclusion that most environmental isolates might be a potential keratopathogen.

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Original Articles

Sympatric Distribution of Three Human Taenia Tapeworms Collected between 1935 and 2005 in Korea: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Kyu-Heon Kim, Jong-Yil Chai, Hyun-Jong Yang, Han-Jong Rim, Keeseon S Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(4):235-241.
Published online December 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.4.235

Abstract
PDF

Taeniasis has been known as one of the prevalent parasitic infections in Korea. Until recently, Taenia saginata had long been considered a dominant, and widely distributed species but epidemiological profiles of human Taenia species in Korea still remain unclear. In order to better understand distribution patterns of human Taenia tapeworms in Korea, partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cox1 and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) were determined, along with morphological examinations, on 68 Taenia specimens obtained from university museum collections deposited since 1935. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-preserved specimens. Phylogenetic relationships among the genotypes (cox1 haplotype) detected in this study were inferred using the neighbor-joining method as a tree building method. Morphological and genetic analyses identified 3 specimens as T. solium, 51 specimens as T. asiatica, and 14 specimens as T. saginata. Our results indicate that all 3 Taenia tapeworms are sympatrically distributed in Korea with T. asiatica dominating over T. saginata and T. solium.

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Molecular phylogeny of parasitic Platyhelminthes based on sequences of partial 28S rDNA D1 and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I: Soo-Ung Lee, Ha-Chung Chun, Sun Huh; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):181-189.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.181

Abstract
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The phylogenic relationships existing among 14 parasitic Platyhelminthes in the Republic of Korea were investigated via the use of the partial 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) D1 region and the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mCOI) DNA sequences. The nucleotide sequences were analyzed by length, G + C %, nucleotide differences and gaps in order to determine the analyzed phylogenic relationships. The phylogenic patterns of the 28S rDNA D1 and mCOI regions were closely related within the same class and order as analyzed by the PAUP 4.0 program, with the exception of a few species. These findings indicate that the 28S rDNA gene sequence is more highly conserved than are the mCOI gene sequences. The 28S rDNA gene may prove useful in studies of the systematics and population genetic structures of parasitic Platyhelminthes.

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Brief Communication

Usefulness of 8 kDa protein of Fasciola hepatica in diagnosis of fascioliasis: Kwangsig Kim, Hyun Jong Yang, Young-Bae Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(2):121-123.
Published online June 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.2.121

Abstract
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This study was designed to detect and evaluate an antigenicity of low molecular weight proteins of Fasciola hepatica in fascioliasis. Low molecular weight protein of F. hepatica was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephacryl S-100 HR gel filtration. The protein obtained was estimated to be 8 kDa on 7.5-15% gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Immunoblotting studies showed that the 8 kDa protein reacted with human fascioliasis sera, but not other trematodiasis sera. This result suggests that the 8 kDa protein of F. hepatica is one of diagnostic antigens in human fascioliasis without cross-reaction with other human trematodiasis.

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Mini Review

General properties and phylogenetic utilities of nuclear ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial DNA commonly used in molecular systematics: Ui-Wook Hwang, Won Kim; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(4):215-228.
Published online December 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.4.215

Abstract
PDF

To choose one or more appropriate molecular markers or gene regions for resolving a particular systematic question among the organisms at a certain categorical level is still a very difficult process. The primary goal of this review, therefore, is to provide a theoretical information in choosing one or more molecular markers or gene regions by illustrating general properties and phylogenetic utilities of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that have been most commonly used for phylogenetic researches. The highly conserved molecular markers and/or gene regions are useful for investigating phylogenetic relationships at higher categorical levels (deep branches of evolutionary history). On the other hand, the hypervariable molecular markers and/or gene regions are useful for elucidating phylogenetic relationships at lower categorical levels (recently diverged branches). In summary, different selective forces have led to the evolution of various molecular markers or gene regions with varying degrees of sequence conservation. Thus, appropriate molecular markers or gene regions should be chosen with even greater caution to deduce true phylogenetic relationships over a broad taxonomic spectrum.

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Biochemical Systematics and Ecology.2017; 71: 59. CrossRef
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F Takeuchi, Y Ogasawara, K Kato, T Sekizuka, T Nozaki, Y Sugita‐Konishi, T Ohnishi, M Kuroda
Journal of Fish Diseases.2016; 39(6): 667. CrossRef
Molecular phylogeny of commercially important lobster species from Indian coast inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences
N. S. Jeena, A. Gopalakrishnan, E. V. Radhakrishnan, Joe K. Kizhakudan, V. S. Basheer, P. K. Asokan, J. K. Jena
Mitochondrial DNA Part A.2016; 27(4): 2700. CrossRef
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Journal of Helminthology.2016; 90(5): 607. CrossRef
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PLOS ONE.2016; 11(7): e0157307. CrossRef
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PLOS ONE.2015; 10(7): e0132030. CrossRef
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BioMed Research International.2014; 2014: 1. CrossRef
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Application of the 18S Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) PCR-RFLP Technique for the Differential Diagnosis of Anisakidosis

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2009; 75(10): 3187. CrossRef
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American Journal of Botany.2008; 95(7): 793. CrossRef
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Microbes and Infection.2006; 8(11): 2605. CrossRef
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