The mineral contents of the adult Clonorchis sinensis from rabbits and human were measured, and its qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses were studied with 3.4 meter Ebert-Grating spectrograph, and its quantitative analyses were studied with Beckman DU spectrophotometer. The adult Clonorchis sinensis used in this study were divided into two groups, the first group was collected from the bile passage of the man (C. sinensis from man), the second group was collected from the bile passage of the rabbit(C. sinensis from rabbit). Simultaneously, spectrographic and photometric analyses were also performed on the adult worms of Paragonimus westermani. Furthermore, comparative spectrographic analyses of the trace elements were carried out on the C. sinensis from man, C. sinensis from rabbit, Fasciola hepatica, Eurytrema pancreaticum, and Paragonimus westermani, and the approximate contents of the trace elements of the above trematodes were compared with that of their host tissues and biles. The results obtained were as follows: In the spectrographic analyses of C. sinensis from man, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, calcium, aluminum, iron, and magnesium were detected predominantly, and zinc, titanium, silicone, lead, manganese, barium, cromium, molybdenum, and silver were detected as trace elements. In the differences of level of the minerals in these two C. sinensis, copper level of C. sinensis from man was higher than that of C. sinensis from rabbit, while calcium level of the former worm was higher than that of the latter worm. The trace level of lead, molybdenum, and silver were acertained in the former, but latter were not detected . The contents of the minerals showed the characteristic features in each trematodes: the mineral of flukes in each host were much more than that of the others; such as copper in C. sinensis from man, calcium in the C. sinensis from rabbit, and silicone in the P. westermani. The vanadium was detected in the F. hepatica, E. pancreaticum, and P.
westermani, while the other flukes were not detected. In the comparative spectrographic analyses of the trace elements among the trematodes and their host tissues and biles, the minerals which detected from flukes were also found in their tissues and biles of their host. But the mineral levels of C. sinensis from man, F. hepatica, E. pancreaticum, and P.
westermani were higher than that of their host tissues and biles, except the C. sinensis from rabbit.
Clonorchiasis for which no specific therapy is available has been recognized as one of the serious public health problems in terms of waste of human productivity in Korea today and an urgent consideration must be given to its prevention and control. For past several years, the author has been finding that the infection rate of liver fluke in fish from the Kum-Ho river which has long been recognized as the world's notorious prevalent area of the disease, has been decreasing gradually. Here the author formulated the hypothesis that the decreasing of infection rate might be influenced by the common use of pesticide in plants along the river. Basing this hypothesis, the effective use of pesticide may contribute to the control of the disease by cutting the life cycle of liver fluke. To test above hypothesis, molluscicidal effect on Parafossarulus manchouricus and cercariacidal effect of various pesticides in liver fluke have been determined and the following results were obtained. In molluscicidal effect, the most potent agent in low concentration was Bayer 73 which is 3 to 70 times stronger than other pesticides. When compared with NaPCP which has been widely used for the eradication of Onchomelania, Bayer 73 shows 5 to 10 times stronger effect.
The order of pesticide in molluscicidal effect was: Bayer 73, Nicotin, NaPCP, Sevin, Parathion, Copper sulfate and Lindane. In cercariacidal effect, the most potent agent was Parathion which had 2 to 5 times stronger effect than Bayer 73 or NaPCP. The order of pesticide in the cercariacidal effect was: Parathion, Bayer73, NaPCP, Lindane, Nicotin,Sevin, and Copper sulfate. By applying the common used concentration of pesticides considering the toxicity to plants, Bayer 73 is most potent in molluscicidal effect and then Nicotin, NaPCP, Copper sulfate, Sevin, Parathion and Lindane in order. In cercariacidal effect, Parathion is the most potent and NaPCP, Bayer 73, Lindane, and Copper sulfate are followed. Considering with the toxicity to human body the most safe and effective pesticides were Bayer 73, Seven, NaPCP, and Copper sulfate but among those agents, Bayer 73 and NaPCP show relatively stronger effect in both Parafossarulus manchouricus and cercaria of liver fluke.
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Epidemiological studies on Clonorchis sinensis infection along the Nam-river in Gyeongnam province, Korea Kyoung Hoon Bae, Yung Kyum Ahn, Chin Thack Soh, Hiroshi Tsutsumi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1983; 21(2): 167. CrossRef
Larval trematodes from Semisulcospira snails in Kyungpook Province, Korea Dong Wik Choi, Doo Hong Ahn, Hee Sook Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1982; 20(2): 147. CrossRef
The fowl nematode Ascaridia galli employed in this experiment was obtained from the intestine of domestic fowls at the local market. The worms selected and washed several times in normal sterilized saline solution. Each about thirty of intact worms were incubated in 50 cc volume of special incubation flasks with incubation mixture consisting of 10 cc of Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) to which were added universally labeled C14-glucose and non-radioactive carrier glucose so as to contain concentration of 200 mg per cent. The worms were allowed to incubation for 3 hours in Dubnoff metabolic shaking incubator at 38 C. After incubation period, respiratory CO(2) samples from central well of incubation flask were analysed for total CO(2) production rate and their specific activity of respiratory CO(2). Glycogen samples isolated from worms were analysed for uptake rate was determined by analyzing the difference of the glucose concentration in a medium before and after incubation period . Radioactivities of these series of experiments were counted by an endwindow Geiger-Muller counter as an infinitely thin samples. The quantitative analysis of C(14)-glucose utilized by Ascaridia galli was summarized as the following . The glucose uptake rate by A. galli was a mean value of 1.73+/-0.32 micro-mole per hour per gram of wet wt. and total CO(2) production rate by the worms averaged 8.44+/-1.11 micro-mole per hour per gram of wet wt. The relative specific activity of respiratory CO(2) (R.S.A CO(2)) averaged 2.68+/-0.38 per cent . Thus , a man of 2.68 per cent of total CO(2) production rate was originated from the glucose in the medium, therefore the rate of CO(2) production derived from medium glucose was a mean of 0.23+/-0.03 micro-mole per hour per gram of wet wt. Thus, the average value of 2.58+/-0.55 percent (R.G.D CO(2))of glucose utilized by the worms from the medium glucose was oxidized to respiratory CO2. The tissue concentration of glycogen in A. galli was a mean of 22.59+/-1.18 miligram per gram of wet wt or 2.26+/-0.123 percent per gram, and the turnover rate of glycogen pool yielded with a mean of 0.17+/-0.04 percent per hour or 0.037+/-0.006 miligram per hour per gram of wet wt.
Therefore, a mean value of 16.37+/-4.04 per cent (R.G.D gly) of glucose was incorporated to the glycogen. These data account for that at least 18.95 per cent of the utilized glucose by the worms participated in furnishing the oxidation into respiratory CO(2) and the synthetic process into glycogen. According to the above data of the experiment, it is suggested in the metabolic process of glucose by Ascaridia galli that the synthetic process into the glycogen is more active than the oxidative process into the respiratory CO(2).
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Efeito anti-helmíntico dos extratos aquosos e etanólicos da Annona squamosa L. (fruta-do-conde) sobre o nematóide Ascaridia galli M.Z.L.C.M. Fernandes, R.M. Fernandes, D.R.B. Brito, H.R. Borba Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais.2009; 11(2): 124. CrossRef
Study on the (14)C-glucose metabolism by Clonorchis sinensis Il Kwon Kang, Soon Hyung Lee, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1969; 7(3): 143. CrossRef
Metabolism of C(14)-glycine by Clonorchis sinensis Soo Hyun Seong, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1966; 4(2): 14. CrossRef
Metabolism of C(14)-acetate by cestodes Han Jong Rim, Chung Jai Park, Yong Ok Min, Byong Jong On, Hyun Kyo Lee, Myong Soon Yun The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1965; 3(3): 122. CrossRef
Metabolism of C(14)-glucose by Moniezia expansa and Diphyllobothrium mansoni Han Jong Rim, Soo Hyun Seong, Chung Jai Park, Sang Don Rhee, Byong Jong Oh, Hyu Kyo Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1965; 3(3): 112. CrossRef
The adult worms of cestodes, Moniezia expansa and Diphyllobothrium mansoni employed in this experiment. The worms were divided into three portions, i.e. immature , mature and gravid proglottids, and each proglottids were incubated in a certain incubation period, and the glucose uptake rate, total CO2 production rate, tissue concentration and their radioactivities were employed as previous reports(Rim et al., 1965). The glucose uptake rate by M.
expansa was a mean value of 6.46+/-1.23 micromole per hour per gram of wet wt. and the rate by D. mansoni was a mean value of 18.8+/-0.8 micro-mole per hour per gram of wet wt.
The higher rates were observed in the mature proglottid of M. expansa and in the immature proglottid of D. mansoni .
The total CO(2) production rates by the worms averaged 14.0+/-2.37 micro-mole per hour per gram in M. expansa and 17.51+/-1.54 micro-mole per hour per gram of wet wt. The relative specific activities of respiratory CO(2)(R.S.A CO(2)) averaged 22.2+/-5.15 percent in M. expansa and 54.2+/-2.2 per cent in D. mansoni. In the both worms, the higher values were obtained in the mature proglottids.
Therefore, the average value of 8.84+/-2.66 per cent of glucose utilized by M. expansa and 8.23+/-0.50 percent of glucose utilized by D. mansoni from the medium glucose was oxidized into respiratory CO(2). The tissue concentrations of glycogen were a mean of 2.21+/-0.46 percent per gram of wet wt. in M. expansa and 7.56+/-1.24 percent per gram of wet wt. in D. mansoni. The higher concentration of glycogen was observed in the gravid proglottids of M. expansa, however the gravid proglottids of D. mansoni showed lower concentration of glycogen than the other proglottids. The turnover rate of glycogen pool yielded with a mean of 0.04+/-0.01 miligram per hour per gram of wet wt. of M.
expansa, whereas a mean of 1.66+/- 0.46 miligram per hour per gram wet wt. of D. mansoni. Therefore, a mean value of 2.58+/-0.93 per cent(R.G.D gly) of glucose utilized by M.
expansa and 53.6+/-1.4 percent by D. mansoni was incorproated into the glycogen . These data account for that at least 11.42 per cent of the utilized glucose by M.
expansa and 61.83 per cent of the utilized glucose by D.
mansoni participated in furnishing the oxidation into respiratory CO2 and the synthetic process into glycogen.
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Study on the (14)C-glucose metabolism by Clonorchis sinensis Il Kwon Kang, Soon Hyung Lee, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1969; 7(3): 143. CrossRef
Metabolism of C(14)-acetate by cestodes Han Jong Rim, Chung Jai Park, Yong Ok Min, Byong Jong On, Hyun Kyo Lee, Myong Soon Yun The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1965; 3(3): 122. CrossRef
The adult trematodes, Fasciola hepatica, Eurytrema pancreaticum and Paramphistomum cervi, employed in this experiment were obtained from the cattle slaughtered at the local abbatoir. The worms selected and washed several times in normal sterilized saline solution. Each about ten of intact F. hepatica, fourty of E. pancreaticum, and twenty of P. cervi were incubated in 50 cc volume of special incubation flasks with incubation medium consisting of 10 cc. of Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer(pH 7.4) The incubation medium was added C(14)-1-acetate and non-radioactive carrier Na-acetate so as to contain acetate concentration of 50 mg per cent . The worms were allowed to incubate for 5 hours in the Dubnoff metabolic shaking incubator at 38 C. After incubation period, respiratory CO(2) samples from central well of incubation flask were analysed for total CO(2) production rate and their specific activity of respiratory CO(2). The lactate and pyruvate appearance rates were determined by analyzing the lactate and pyruvate concentration in a medium after incubation. The glycogen samples isolated from worms were analyzed for the tissue concentration and their radioactivities in order to determine the turnover rate of glycogen pool.
Radioactivities of these series of experiments were counted by an endwindow Geiger-Muller counter as an infinitely thin samples. The quantitative analysis of C(14)-acetate utilized by F. hepatica, E. pancreaticum and P. cervi were compared and discussed in this report. According to these data of the experiment, it is suggested that the fatty acid such as acetate may play a part of their oxidative process into the respiratory CO2 and the synthetic process into glycogen in the above species of trematodes.
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Autoradiographic study on the uptake of (3)H-6-thymidine by Fasciola hepatica Joong Ho Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1973; 11(1): 13. CrossRef
Metabolism of C(14)-glycine by Clonorchis sinensis Soo Hyun Seong, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1966; 4(2): 14. CrossRef
Metabolism of C(14)-acetate by cestodes Han Jong Rim, Chung Jai Park, Yong Ok Min, Byong Jong On, Hyun Kyo Lee, Myong Soon Yun The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1965; 3(3): 122. CrossRef
The adult worm and plerocercoid larva(sparganum) of Diphyllobothrium mansoni and Moniezia expansa employed in this experiment. The adult worms were divided into three portions, i.e. immature, mature and gravid proglottids, and each proglottids were incubated in 50 cc or 250 cc volume of special incubation flasks with incubation medium consisting of 10 cc of 25 cc of Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (pH 7.4).
The incubation medium was added C(14)-acetate and non-radioactive carrier Na-acetate so as to contain acetate concentration of 50 mg per cent. The worms were allowed to incubate for 5 hours in the Dubnoff metabolic shaking incubator at 38 C. After incubation period, the lactate and pyruvate appearance rate, total CO(2) production tate, the turnover rates were employed as pervious report(Seo et al., 1965). The quantitative analysis of C(14)-acetate utilized by the adult worm and plerocercoid larva of D. mansoni and M. expansa were compared and discussed in this report.
According to these data of the experiment, it is impressed that the fatty acid such as acetate may play a role of major part of their metabolism in the adult worm and plerocercoid larva of D. mansoni , whereas minor part of acetate participated in the metabolism by M. expansa.
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Metabolism of C(14)-glycine by Clonorchis sinensis Soo Hyun Seong, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1966; 4(2): 14. CrossRef
Authors carried out the experimental study to investigate whether the Paragonimus westermani would uptake the blood in the parasitic definitive host, and also tried for the amount and distribution of the blood which would be harbored in a worm body, and so on. Experimental animals used in this study were dogs and cats, and they were infected with metacercariae of P. westermani. Several months later of the infection, Cr(51) tagged red blood cells were administered to each animal, and the animals were sacrificed and autopsy was done after 24 or 48 hrs of the administration. One part of the detected P. westermani adult worms of each animal were bred in Tyrode's solution and the others were killed by fixing in formalin solution. By Well-type scintillation counter, the radioactivities were measured for the alive and killed worms and of the blood of each experimental animal which was collected at autopsy . In conclusion, it was found that P. westermani worms uptake blood in parasitic definitive host, and amount of the blood harboring in a worm of 56 infection-days(size of worm; 4 x 3 x 1 mm) was 0.002 ml, 0.004 or 0.005 ml in 103 infection-days(size of worm: 8 x 5 x 3 mm) and 0.011 ml in 217 infection-days(size of worm: 9 x 7 x 4 mm). Almost of the whole blood uptaked in the worms was distributed in intestine. It was observed that the blood uptaked in the worm body was excreted continuously through the excretory pore, so that the radioactivity could not measured almost completely in cases of 24 hrs-breeding worms.
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The proteome of extracellular vesicles of the lung fluke Paragonimus kellicotti produced in vitro and in the lung cyst Lucia S. Di Maggio, Kerstin Fischer, Devyn Yates, Kurt C. Curtis, Bruce A. Rosa, John Martin, Petra Erdmann-Gilmore, Robert S. W. Sprung, Makedonka Mitreva, R. Reid Townsend, Gary J. Weil, Peter U. Fischer Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Korea D W Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 79. CrossRef
In the experimental rabbits which were previously infected with Clonorchis sinensis and were thereafter administered with Dithiazanine iodide, the patho-histological and some histochemical changes were observed in the healed liver(76 days after stoppage of egg excretion). And also, the patho-histological changes which appeared in the infected and healed livers respectively were compared from each other. The following results and conclusion were obtained.
In the infected group, grossly the liver showed a considerable increase of its weight, an increased vascular marking of its surfaces and an increase in consistency and thickness of the bile ducts. However, the healed group grossly showed no remarkable changes in the liver. In the infected group, microscopically the liver showed a marked adenomatous hyperplasia of bile ducts, proliferation of bile ductules and marked periductal and periductular fibrosis with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells in portal spaces. A histochemical study showed that the increased fibrous tissue consists largely with collagenous fibers and partly with reticulum fibers. In the group with healed liver microscopically the liver showed much improvement in the histopathological changes compared to those of the infected group. In the healed lover there remained only slight histopathological changes mainly in portal spaces of the liver, such as considerably diminished periductal and periductular fibrosis. The slightly increased fibrous tissue consists largely with reticulum fibers and partly with collagen fibers.
A night blood survey was carried out among inhabitants aged over 1 year from the fifteen villages throughout Cheju-Do (Quelpart Island). Blood films from 2,139 persons were examined and 183(8.6 percent) showed microfilariae, the incidences varying according to geographical sources are from 0.8 to 19.5 per cent. All the microfilariae found in this survey were of the nocturnal periodic Brugia malayi.
The microfilarial density was 1.9 per cent of blood. The age and sex distributions of microfilaria rate in Cheju-Do were not distinctly different. On the other hand, the intradermal test using Dirofilaria antigen (FPT antigen) and clinical survey of filariasis were also undertaken in same areas of microfilaria survey. Out of 2,449 inhabitants examined 1,434(58.6 percent) persons showed positive reaction of skin test, 503(20.5 percent) persons have clinical manifestations and 112 (4.6 percent) persons showed elephantiasis . It is assumed that Aedes togoi may be the most probable vector of B. malayi in the areas of Cheju-Do.
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A survey of Brugia malayi infection on the Heugsan Islands, Korea Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee, Sung-Yil Choi, Jong-Soo Lee, Tai-Soon Yong, Kyun-Jong Park, Kyeong-Ae Yang, Keon-Hoon Lee, Mi-Jeng Park, Hyung-Ran Park, Mi-Ja Kim, Han-Jong Rim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2003; 41(1): 69. CrossRef
Studies on the current epidemiological situation of brugian filariasis in endemic areas of Korea Yung Han Paik, You Jung Cho, Do Seo Koo, Han Il Ree, Jae Chul Shim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1988; 26(4): 255. CrossRef
Epidemiological studies on malayan filariasis in an inland area in Kyungpook, Korea 3. Ecological survey of vector mosquitoes of Brugia malayi Hewng Il Lee, Dong Wik Choi, Doo Hyun Baik, Chong Yoon Joo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1986; 24(1): 15. CrossRef
Natural transition of endemicity of Malayan flariasis in inland Korea Pattern of change in microfilaria rate among inhabitants of Yongpung (former Yongju) area during the period of the last seven years Dong Chan Kim, On Young Lee, Eui Beom Jeong, Min Gyu Jeong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1980; 18(2): 171. CrossRef
Morphology of the microfilaria of Brugia malayi in Cheju-Do, Korea Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1976; 14(1): 41. CrossRef
The periodicity of the microfilariae of Brugia malayi in Cheju Island, Korea Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1974; 12(2): 95. CrossRef
Ecology of filariasis on Che Ju Island Joung Soon Kim, Won Young Lee, Suk Lak Chun The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1973; 11(1): 33. CrossRef
Effectiveness of diethylcarbamazine in the mass treatment of malayan filariasis with low dosage schedule Byong Seol Seo, Woo Jung Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1973; 11(2): 61. CrossRef
The prevalence of intestinal helminthes in inhabitants of Cheju Do Byong Seol Seo, Han Jong Rim, Seung Yull Cho, Jong Ho Ahn, Jong Won Kwak, Jung Woo Lee, Se Chul Kang The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1972; 10(2): 100. CrossRef
Studies on filariasis in Korea - On the morphology and development of larvae of Brugia malayi in Aedes togoi Hee Kwan Kim, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1968; 6(1): 1. CrossRef
The epidemiological studies on the filariasis in Korea II. Distribution and prevalence of malayian filariasis in southern Korea Byong Seol Seo, Han Jong Rim, Young Chan Lim, Il Kwon Kang, Young Ok Park The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1968; 6(3): 132. CrossRef
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