Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Sang-Eun Lee"

Original Articles

Risk Factors of Clonorchis sinensis Human Infections in Endemic Areas, Haman-Gun, Republic of Korea: A Case-Control Study: Sang-Eun Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Myoung-Ro Lee, Yang-Hee Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(6):647-652.
Published online December 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.647

Clonorchis sinensis is the most common fish-borne intestinal parasite in Korea. The aim of the present investigation was to survey the status of C. sinensis infection and analyze associated risk factors in residents of Haman-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. A total of 5,114 residents from 10 administrative towns/villages voluntarily agreed to participate in the study, which comprised fecal examination, a questionnaire survey for risk factors, ultrasonography, and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for cancer biomarker detection in the blood. We detected C. sinensis eggs in 5.3% of the subjects. By region, Gunbuk-myeon had the highest number of residents with C. sinensis eggs. The infection rate and intensity were higher in male than in female residents. Based on the risk factor questionnaire, infection was highly associated with drinking, a history of C. sinensis infection, and the practice of eating of raw freshwater fish. Extension of the bile duct, infection intensity, and cancer biomarker detection significantly correlated with the presence of eggs in the study population. In conclusion, the development of feasible, long-term control policies and strategies for the elimination of C. sinensis in Korea is still required.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Epidemiology and risk factors of Clonorchis sinensis infection in the mountainous areas of Longsheng County, Guangxi: insights from automated machine learning
Xiaowen Li, Yu Chen, Guoyang Huang, Xuerong Sun, Gang Mo, Xiaohong Peng
Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors of fish-borne zoonotic trematode infections in a rural community: A cross-sectional study in the Red River Delta of Vietnam
Hoang Dinh Canh, Cao Ba Loi, Nguyen Van Tuan, Nguyen Van Thoai, Nguyen Duc Tan, Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh, Vu Van Du, Do Ngoc Anh
Journal of Public Health Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing trends in clonorchiasis incidence via prescription data analysis in South Korea
Taeksang Lee, Jun Hyun Lee, Hanna Jin, Yun Kyung Lee, Hyun Beom Song
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis: epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, morbidity, diagnosis, treatment, and control
Men-Bao Qian, Jennifer Keiser, Jürg Utzinger, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Graeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Infection characteristics of Metagonimus species (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae in fish from major rivers of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 1. CrossRef
Age, period, and cohort effects of Clonorchis sinensis infection prevalence in the Republic of Korea: Insights and projections
Sung-mok Jung, Heewon Kang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sejin Ju, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jong-hun Kim, Sung Hye Kim, Ran Wang
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(10): e0012574. CrossRef
Risk factors for Clonorchis sinensis infections and control measures reinforced with focused interviews
Soon-Ok Lee, Fuhong Dai, Eun Joo Park, Yun Pyo Hong, Fu-Shi Quan, Jin-Ho Song, Sung-Jong Hong
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Infection Characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(2): 79. CrossRef
Epidemiology and determinants of Clonorchis sinensis infection: A community-based study in southeastern China
Men-Bao Qian, Chang-Hai Zhou, Zhi-Hua Jiang, Yi-Chao Yang, Ming-Fei Lu, Kang Wei, Si-Liang Wei, Yu Chen, Hong-Mei Li, Xiao-Nong Zhou
Acta Tropica.2022; 233: 106545. CrossRef
Status of Helminthic Infections in Residents around River Basins in the Republic of Korea for 10 Years (2011-2020)
Myoung-Ro Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Seon-Ok Back, Young-Ju Lee, Hee-Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(3): 187. CrossRef
Clonorchis sinensis infection modulates key cytokines for essential immune response impacted by sex
Shuo Kan, Qi Li, Hong-Mei Li, Yan-Hua Yao, Xin-Yue Du, Chen-Yun Wu, Guang-Jie Chen, Xiao-Kui Guo, Men-Bao Qian, Zhao-Jun Wang, jong-Yil Chai
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(9): e0010726. CrossRef
Foodborne Parasites and Their Complex Life Cycles Challenging Food Safety in Different Food Chains
Sarah Gabriël, Pierre Dorny, Ganna Saelens, Veronique Dermauw
Foods.2022; 12(1): 142. CrossRef
Novel mechanism of hepatobiliary system damage and immunoglobulin G4 elevation caused by Clonorchis sinensis infection
Xin-He Zhang, Die Huang, Yi-Ling Li, Bing Chang
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2021; 9(23): 6639. CrossRef
Cost yield of different treatment strategies against Clonorchis sinensis infection
Men-Bao Qian, Chang-Hai Zhou, Hui-Hui Zhu, Ying-Dan Chen, Xiao-Nong Zhou
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Surveillance on the Vivax Malaria in Endemic Areas in the Republic of Korea Based on Molecular and Serological Analyses: Seong-Kyun Lee, Fengyue Hu, Egy Rahman Firdaus, Ji-Hoon Park, Jin-Hee Han, Sang-Eun Lee, Hyun-Il Shin, Shin Hyeong Cho, Won Sun Park, Feng Lu, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(6):609-617.
Published online December 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.609

Abstract
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Plasmodium vivax reemerged in 1993. It has been sustained for more than 25 years and become one of the important indigenous parasitic diseases in northern and western parts of the Republic of Korea near the demilitarized zone. In particular, relapse is a significant concern for the control of malaria, as short- and long-term incubation periods vary among those infected in Korea. In this study, the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers was examined among residents of high endemic areas of vivax malaria during nonseasonal transmission of mosquitoes. Blood samples from 3 endemic regions in northwestern Korea were evaluated by microscopic examination, rapid diagnostic testing, and nested PCR to identify asymptomatic patients carrying malaria parasites in the community. However, no positive malaria case among residents of endemic areas was detected. Additionally, serological analysis was carried out to measure antibodies against 3 antigenic recombinant proteins of P. vivax, merozoite surface protein 1-19, circumsporozoite surface protein-VK210, and liver-stage antigen (PvLSA-N), by the protein array method. Interestingly, seropositivity of sera between previous exposure and samples without exposure to malaria was significantly higher using the PvLSA-N antigen than the other antigens, suggesting that PvLSA-N can be used as a serological marker to analyze the degree of exposure for malaria transmission in endemic areas. This indicates a very low asymptomatic carrier prevalence during the nonmalaria season in the endemic areas of Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A region-structured model for early warning of Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission risk in the Republic of Korea
Boyeon Kim, Jung Ho Kim, Jeehyun Lee, Joon-Sup Yeom
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2025; 18(3): 102665. CrossRef
Development of a Plasmodium vivax malaria model for evaluating the effects of control strategies on the malaria burden in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Hye Seong, Jiyeon Suh, Jun Yong Choi, Jeehyun Lee, Joon-Sup Yeom
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Using Serological Markers for the Surveillance of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Scoping Review
Lejla Kartal, Ivo Mueller, Rhea J. Longley
Pathogens.2023; 12(6): 791. CrossRef
Recent Spatial and Temporal Trends of Malaria in Korea
Yeong Hoon Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Dongjae Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 585. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Outbreak of Cyclosporiasis in Korean Travelers Returning from Nepal: Da-Won Ma, Myoung-Ro Lee, Bora Ku, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):589-592.
Published online October 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.589

Abstract
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Cyclospora cayetanensis is an apicomplexan protozoan and is one of the most common pathogens causing chronic diarrhea worldwide. Eight stool samples with diarrheal symptom out of 18 Korean residents who traveled to Nepal were obtained, and examined for 25 enteropathogens including 16 bacterial species, 5 viral species, and 4 protozoans in stool samples as causative agents of water-borne and food-borne disease. Only C. cayetanensis was detected by nested PCR, and 3 PCR-positive samples were sequenced to confirm species identification. However, the oocysts of C. cayetanensis in fecal samples could not be detected by direct microscopy of the stained sample. As far as we know, this is the first report of a group infection with C. cayetanensis from a traveler visiting Nepal, and the second report of a traveler’s diarrhea by C. cayetanensis imported in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Food Safety in Developing Countries: Common Foodborne and Waterborne Illnesses, Regulations, Organizational Structure, and Challenges of Food Safety in the Context of Nepal
Deepak Subedi, Madhav Paudel, Sandesh Poudel, Niranjan Koirala
Food Frontiers.2025; 6(1): 86. CrossRef
Imported parasitic diseases in the Republic of Korea: status and issues
Jong-Yil Chai
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2025; 68(1): 52. CrossRef
Cyclospora and Cyclosporiasis: The Nepalese Perspective
Pitambar Dhakal, Junqiang Li, Bishnu Maya K.C., Yin Fu, Yuancai Chen, Longxian Zhang
Zoonoses.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cyclospora cayetanensis: A Perspective (2020–2023) with Emphasis on Epidemiology and Detection Methods
Sonia Almeria, Leonor Chacin-Bonilla, Jenny G. Maloney, Monica Santin
Microorganisms.2023; 11(9): 2171. CrossRef
Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: a review of worldwide outbreaks – an update 2017–2022
Pavlina Bourli, Aida Vafae Eslahi, Ourania Tzoraki, Panagiotis Karanis
Journal of Water and Health.2023; 21(10): 1421. CrossRef
Waterborne protozoan outbreaks: An update on the global, regional, and national prevalence from 2017 to 2020 and sources of contamination
Jun-Yang Ma, Man-Yao Li, Ze-Zheng Qi, Ming Fu, Tian-Feng Sun, Hany M. Elsheikha, Wei Cong
Science of The Total Environment.2022; 806: 150562. CrossRef
Review on Cyclosporiasis Outbreaks and Potential Molecular Markers for Tracing Back Investigations
Junqiang Li, Feifei Xu, Md Robiul Karim, Longxian Zhang
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2022; 19(12): 796. CrossRef

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Diagnosis and Molecular Analysis on Imported Plasmodium ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri Malaria Cases from West and South Africa during 2013-2016: Hyun-Il Shin, Bora Ku, Yu Jung Kim, Tae Yun Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(1):61-65.
Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.61

Abstract
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Majority of the imported malaria cases in Korea is attributed to Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections, whereas P. malariae and P. ovale infections are very rare. Falciparum and ovale malaria are mostly imported from Africa, while most of the vivax malaria cases are imported from Southeast Asia. Here, we report 6 Korean imported ovale malaria cases (4 males and 2 females) who had visited in Africa during 2013-2016. These subjects were diagnosed with P. ovale based on microscopic findings, Plasmodium species-specific nested-PCR, and phylogenetic clade using 18S rRNA gene sequences. We identified 2 P. ovale subtypes, 1 P. ovale curtisi (classic type) and 5 P. ovale wallikeri (variant type). All patients were treated with chloroquine and primaquine, and no relapse or recrudescence was reported for 1 year after treatment. With increase of travelers to the countries where existing Plasmodium species, the risk of Plasmodium infection is also increasing. Molecular monitoring for imported malaria parasites should be rigorously and continuously performed to enable diagnosis and certification of Plasmodium spp.

Citations

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Identification of Pharmacophore Groups with Antimalarial Potential in Flavonoids by QSAR-Based Virtual Screening
Adriana de Oliveira Fernandes, Valéria Vieira Moura Paixão, Yria Jaine Andrade Santos, Eduardo Borba Alves, Ricardo Pereira Rodrigues, Daniela Aparecida Chagas-Paula, Aurélia Santos Faraoni, Rosana Casoti, Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista, Marcel Bermude
Drugs and Drug Candidates.2025; 4(3): 33. CrossRef
Epidemiological Profile and Risk Factors for Malaria in Rural Communities Before the Operationalization of the Singrobo–Ahouaty Dam, Southern Côte d’Ivoire
Taki Jean Deles Avenié, Kigbafori Dieudonné Silué, Négnorogo Guindo-Coulibaly, Naférima Koné, Sadikou Touré, Kouamé Laurent Valian, Kouassi Séraphin Kouadio, Alloua Marie Joelle Bédia, Boza Fulgence Déabo, Klotcholman Diabagaté, Christian Nsanzabana, Jean
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2025; 10(7): 197. CrossRef
Missed Plasmodium ovale Infections Among Symptomatic Persons in Angola, Mozambique, and Ethiopia
Colleen M Leonard, Jimee Hwang, Ashenafi Assefa, Rose Zulliger, Baltazar Candrinho, Pedro Rafael Dimbu, Abuchahama Saifodine, Mateusz Plucinski, Eric Rogier
Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Elevated plasma α1-antichymotrypsin is a biomarker candidate for malaria patients
Young Yil Bahk, Sang Bong Lee, Jong Bo Kim, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Dong Min Kim, Sungkeun Lee
BMB Reports.2022; 55(11): 571. CrossRef
Recent Spatial and Temporal Trends of Malaria in Korea
Yeong Hoon Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Dongjae Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 585. CrossRef

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Molecular Prevalence and Genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis in Patients with Acute Diarrhea in Korea, 2013-2016: Da-Won Ma, Myoung-Ro Lee, Sung-Hee Hong, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(5):531-536.
Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.531

Abstract
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Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis are the main diarrhea-causing parasitic pathogens; however, their prevalence in Korea is unknown. Here, we conducted a survey to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of these 2 pathogens causing acute diarrhea in 8,571 patients hospitalized in 17 Regional Institute of Health Environment sites in Korea, during 2013-2016. C. parvum and G. duodenalis were detected and genotyped by nested PCR, and the isolate were molecularly characterized by sequencing the glycoprotein 60 (Gp60) and β-giardin genes, respectively. The overall prevalence of C. parvum and G. duodenalis was 0.37% (n=32) and 0.55% (n=47), respectively, and both pathogens were more prevalent in children under 9 years old. Molecular epidemiological analysis showed that the C. parvum isolates belonged to the IIa family and were subtyped as IIaA13G2R1, IIaA14G2R1, IIaA15G2R1, and IIaA18G3R1. Analysis of the β-giardin gene fragment from G. duodenalis showed that all positive strains belong to assemblage A. This is the first report on the molecular epidemiology and subtyping of C. parvum and G. duodenalis in such a large number of diarrheal patients in Korea. These results highlight the need for continuous monitoring of these zoonotic pathogens and provide a basis for implementing control and prevention strategies. Further, the results might be useful for epidemiological investigation of the source of outbreak.

Citations

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An Epidemiology Study on Distribution of Giardia lamblia in Incheon City
Su Jin Park, Ju Hee Kim, Hyeon-Jeong Go, Nam Yee Kim, Sung Suck Oh, Young Woo Gong, MunJu Kwon, Jeong-An Gim, Soo-Son Lim
Biomedical Science Letters.2025; 31(2): 218. CrossRef
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Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Sonia Boughattas, Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi, Huma Khan, Simuzar Mamedova, Ardra Namboodiri, Frederick R. Masangkay, Panagiotis Karanis
Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2025; 8: 100311. CrossRef
Detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy calves in Lisbon and Tagus Valley, Portugal
Mariana Louro, Ricardo Bexiga, Isabel Pereira da Fonseca, Jacinto Gomes
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2024; 47: 100964. CrossRef
Epidemiological investigation of Cryptosporidium in children with diarrhea in middle Inner Mongolia, China
Wenhui Guo, Xinyu Xue, Ruifeng Li, Ru Liang, Zixuan Wang, Jiashan Qin, Chao Duan, Tieyun Chen, Xinlei Yan
Acta Tropica.2024; 254: 107177. CrossRef
Follow-up investigation into Cryptosporidium prevalence and transmission in Western European dairy farms
Sumaiya Hoque, Pedro Pinto, Cláudia A. Ribeiro, Evi Canniere, Yvonne Daandels, Martine Dellevoet, Anne Bourgeois, Ourida Hammouma, Paul Hunter, Eleni Gentekaki, Martin Kváč, Jérôme Follet, Anastasios D. Tsaousis
Veterinary Parasitology.2023; 318: 109920. CrossRef
Outbreak of severe diarrhea due to zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum and C. xiaoi in goat kids in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
Ah-Young Kim, Badriah Alkathiri, Subin Lee, Kyung-Duk Min, Soochong Kim, Sang-Myeong Lee, Wan-Kyu Lee, Dongmi Kwak, Seung-Hun Lee
Parasitology Research.2023; 122(9): 2045. CrossRef
Emergence of zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum in China
Yaqiong Guo, Una Ryan, Yaoyu Feng, Lihua Xiao
Trends in Parasitology.2022; 38(4): 335. CrossRef
Distribution of Cryptosporidium parvum subgenotypes in pre-weaned calves in Germany
Franziska Göhring, Matthias Lendner, Arwid Daugschies
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2022; 36: 100806. CrossRef
Annual Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Clinical Parasitology in Korea (2020–2021)
Jihu Jeon, Eun Jeong Won, Kyung Hwan Byeon, Yu Jeong Lee, Moon-Ju Kim, Myung Geun Shin, Jong Hee Shin
Journal of Laboratory Medicine and Quality Assurance.2022; 44(4): 185. CrossRef
Clinical cases of zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum (subtype IIdA15G1) infections in Korean goats
J Kim, K Lee, SG Roh, HY Kim, JW Kim, BJ So, EJ Choi
Veterinární medicína.2022; 67(3): 156. CrossRef
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Eell Ryoo
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2021; 64(6): 260. CrossRef
Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis at a Tertiary Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
Mohammad Ashraf Abdel Wahed, Yasmine Elsayed Abdelrahman Shehab, Hanan Mahmoud Abou-Seri, Yosra Mohamed Mohsen Awad
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Giardia duodenalis Virulence — “To Be, or Not To Be”
Raúl Argüello-García, M. Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres
Current Tropical Medicine Reports.2021; 8(4): 246. CrossRef
Cross-Border Investigations on the Prevalence and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium Species in Dairy Cattle Farms in Western Mainland Europe
Pedro Pinto, Cláudia A. Ribeiro, Sumaiya Hoque, Ourida Hammouma, Hélène Leruste, Sébastien Détriché, Evi Canniere, Yvonne Daandels, Martine Dellevoet, Janine Roemen, Anne Barbier Bourgeois, Martin Kváč, Jérôme Follet, Anastasios D. Tsaousis
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Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium infections in ewes and lambs are a source of environmental contamination with zoonotic genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum
Léa Bordes, Pauline Houert, Damien Costa, Loïc Favennec, Corinne Vial-Novella, Francis Fidelle, Christelle Grisez, Françoise Prévot, Philippe Jacquiet, Romy Razakandrainibe
Parasite.2020; 27: 57. CrossRef
Report of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service on Clinical Parasitology (2018–2019)
Suhak Jeon, Eun Jeong Won, Yu Jeong Lee, Moon-Ju Kim, Myung Geun Shin, Jong Hee Shin
Journal of Laboratory Medicine and Quality Assurance.2020; 42(4): 177. CrossRef

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Original Article

Development of Molecular Diagnosis Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR and T4 Phage Internal Control to Simultaneously Detect Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis from Human Stool Samples: Ji-Hun Shin, Sang-Eun Lee, Tong Soo Kim, Da-Won Ma, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(5):419-427.
Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.419

Abstract
PDF

This study aimed to develop a new multiplex real-time PCR detection method for 3 species of waterborne protozoan parasites (Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis) identified as major causes of traveler’s diarrhea. Three target genes were specifically and simultaneously detected by the TaqMan probe method for multiple parasitic infection cases, including Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein for C. parvum, glutamate dehydrogenase for G. lamblia, and internal transcribed spacer 1 for C. cayetanensis. Gene product 21 for bacteriophage T4 was used as an internal control DNA target for monitoring human stool DNA amplification. TaqMan probes were prepared using 4 fluorescent dyes, FAMTM, HEXTM, Cy5TM, and CAL Fluor Red® 610 on C. parvum, G. lamblia, C. cayetanensis, and bacteriophage T4, respectively. We developed a novel primer-probe set for each parasite, a primer-probe cocktail (a mixture of primers and probes for the parasites and the internal control) for multiplex real-time PCR analysis, and a protocol for this detection method. Multiplex real-time PCR with the primer-probe cocktail successfully and specifically detected the target genes of C. parvum, G. lamblia, and C. cayetanensis in the mixed spiked human stool sample. The limit of detection for our assay was 2×10 copies for C. parvum and for C. cayetanensis, while it was 2×103 copies for G. lamblia. We propose that the multiplex real-time PCR detection method developed here is a useful method for simultaneously diagnosing the most common causative protozoa in traveler’s diarrhea.

Citations

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A rapid and ultrasensitive CRISPR/Cas12a-based assay for the accurate identification of T-even type phages
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Biotechnology Letters.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of Cryptosporidium spp. Sub-Families and Giardia duodenalis Assemblages A and B in Ghanaian HIV Patients, Including Socio-Economic, Clinical, and Immunological Associations
Lynn Glyschewski, Hagen Frickmann, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Betty Roberta Norman, Albert Dompreh, Emmanuel Acheamfour-Akowuah, Martin Kofi Agyei, Shadrack Osei Asibey, Richard Boateng, Edmund Osei Kuffour, Veronica Di Cristanziano, Sven Poppert, Felix Weinreic
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Atul Kumar Sharma, K. Gururaj, Rama Sharma, Anjana Goel, Souvik Paul, Dinesh Kumar Sharma
Cell Biochemistry and Function.2023; 41(1): 45. CrossRef
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Biomedicines.2023; 11(1): 170. CrossRef
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Letters in Applied Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Abdallah Abdelsattar, Alyaa Dawoud, Salsabil Makky , Rana Nofal, Ramy Aziz, Ayman El-Shibiny
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Comparative Evaluation of Real-Time Screening PCR Assays for Giardia duodenalis and of Assays Discriminating the Assemblages A and B
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Microorganisms.2022; 10(7): 1310. CrossRef
Review on Cyclosporiasis Outbreaks and Potential Molecular Markers for Tracing Back Investigations
Junqiang Li, Feifei Xu, Md Robiul Karim, Longxian Zhang
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2022; 19(12): 796. CrossRef
Multiplex Molecular Point-of-Care Test for Syndromic Infectious Diseases
Hanbi Kim, Hee Jae Huh, Eunkyoung Park, Doo-Ryeon Chung, Minhee Kang
BioChip Journal.2021; 15(1): 14. CrossRef
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Damien Costa, Louise Soulieux, Romy Razakandrainibe, Louise Basmaciyan, Gilles Gargala, Stéphane Valot, Frédéric Dalle, Loic Favennec
Pathogens.2021; 10(6): 647. CrossRef
A review on application of next-generation sequencing methods for profiling of protozoan parasites in water: Current methodologies, challenges, and perspectives
N.P. Mthethwa, I.D. Amoah, P. Reddy, F. Bux, S. Kumari
Journal of Microbiological Methods.2021; 187: 106269. CrossRef
Comparison of Three Real-Time PCR Assays Targeting the SSU rRNA Gene, the COWP Gene and the DnaJ-Like Protein Gene for the Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp. in Stool Samples
Felix Weinreich, Andreas Hahn, Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt, Torsten Feldt, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Veronica Di Cristanziano, Hagen Frickmann, Ulrike Loderstädt
Pathogens.2021; 10(9): 1131. CrossRef
Advances in Cyclosporiasis Diagnosis and Therapeutic Intervention
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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of commercial and in-house real-time PCR platforms for 15 parasites and microsporidia in human stool samples without a gold standard
Thomas Köller, Andreas Hahn, Enkhtsetseg Altangerel, Jaco J. Verweij, Olfert Landt, Simone Kann, Denise Dekker, Jürgen May, Ulrike Loderstädt, Andreas Podbielski, Hagen Frickmann
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Biochemical Markers of the Functional State of the Liver during Giardiasis
D. V. Morozenko, K. V. Gliebova, S. V. Ivannikova, O. G. Geyderikh, O. V. Shapovalova, A. V. Derevyanko
Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu.2019; 4(2): 149. CrossRef
Molecular epidemiology of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections – What's new?
R.C.A. Thompson, A. Ash
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2019; 75: 103951. CrossRef
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Microorganisms.2019; 7(9): 317. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Intestinal Parasite Infections among Inhabitants in Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China: Myoung-Ro Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Byung-Suk Chung, Sang-Eun Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Liji Xu, Chen Long Nan, Mi-Yeoun Park, Shin-Hyeong Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(5):579-582.
Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.579

Abstract
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To investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China, epidemiological surveys were conducted on a collaboration basis between the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Yanbian Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 8,396 (males 3,737 and females 4,659) stool samples were collected from 8 localities and examined with the formalin-ether sedimentation technique, and additionally examined with the cellotape anal swab to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs. The overall rate of intestinal parasites was 1.57%. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was the highest (0.80%), followed by Entamoeba spp. (0.23%), heterophyid flukes (0.15%), Clonorchis sinensis (0.08%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.07%), hookworms (0.06%), Trichostrongylus spp. (0.06%), Giardia lamblia (0.04%), Paragonimus spp. (0.02%), Diphyllobothrium spp. (0.02%), Trichuris trichiura (0.02%). The prevalence by sex was similar, 1.58% (n=59) in males and 1.57% (n=73) in females. By the present study, it is partly revealed that the prevalences of intestinal parasite infections are relatively low among the inhabitants of Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China.

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18S/28S rDNA metabarcoding identifies Cryptosporidium parvum and Blastocystis ST1 as the predominant intestinal protozoa in hospital patients from Changchun, Northeast China
Cunmin Wang, Jigang Yin, Zhanpeng Shi, Yijia Xu, Junhong Chen, Yueyang Yan, Guan Zhu, Jixue Zhao
Parasites & Vectors.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Global prevalence of 4 neglected foodborne trematodes targeted for control by WHO: A scoping review to highlight the gaps
Rachel Tidman, Kaushi S. T. Kanankege, Mathieu Bangert, Bernadette Abela-Ridder, Paul R. Torgerson
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(3): e0011073. CrossRef
Prevalence and molecular identification of gastrointestinal nematodes in Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau of China
Sitong Ai, Zhichao Zhang, Jinghan Wang, Xiaoqi Wang, Cheng Liu, Ziyuan Duan
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2023; 9(6): 2693. CrossRef

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Serological and Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Babesia microti in the Blood of Rescued Wild Animals in Gangwon-do (Province), Korea: Sung-Hee Hong, Hee-Jong Kim, Young-Il Jeong, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Jong-Tak Kim, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(2):207-212.
Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.207

Abstract
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Infections of Toxoplasma gondii and Babesia microti are reported in many wild animals worldwide, but information on their incidence and molecular detection in Korean wild fields is limited. In this study, the prevalence of T. gondii and B. microti infection in blood samples of 5 animal species (37 Chinese water deer, 23 raccoon dogs, 6 roe deer, 1 wild boar, and 3 Eurasian badgers) was examined during 2008-2009 in Gangwon-do (Province), the Republic of Korea (=Korea) by using serological and molecular tests. The overall seropositivity of T. gondii was 8.6% (6/70); 10.8% in Chinese water deer, 4.3% in raccoon dogs, and 16.7% in roe deer. PCR revealed only 1 case of T. gondii infection in Chinese water deer, and phylogenic analysis showed that the positive isolate was practically identical to the highly pathogenetic strain type I. In B. microti PCR, the positive rate was 5.7% (4/70), including 2 Chinese water deer and 2 Eurasian badgers. Phylogenetic analysis results of 18S rRNA and the β-tubulin gene showed that all positive isolates were US-type B. microti. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. microti detected in Chinese water deer and Eurasian badger from Korea. These results indicate a potentially high prevalence of T. gondii and B. microti in wild animals of Gangwon-do, Korea. Furthermore, Chinese water deer might act as a reservoir for parasite infections of domestic animals.

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Detection of US and Kobe‐type Babesia microti in ticks collected from small mammals of the Republic of Korea
Tae Yun Kim, Seong Yoon Kim, Jiye Seo, Hee IL Lee, Wook‐Gyo Lee, Hyunwoo Kim
Entomological Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Do Babesia microti Hosts Share a Blood Group System Gene Ortholog, Which Could Generate an Erythrocyte Antigen That Is Essential for Parasite Invasion?
Ryan P. Jajosky, Audrey N. Jajosky, Philip G. Jajosky, Sean R. Stowell
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2024; 9(9): 195. CrossRef
Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Wild Canids
Valentina Virginia Ebani, Simona Nardoni, Francesca Mancianti
Veterinary Sciences.2023; 10(2): 165. CrossRef
Invasive raccoon (Procyon lotor) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) as potential reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens: data review from native and introduced areas
Izabella Myśliwy, Agnieszka Perec-Matysiak, Joanna Hildebrand
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Evolutionary analysis of Babesia vulpes and Babesia microti-like parasites
Sanghyun Lee, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung, Hyung-Kwan Jang, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Xuenan Xuan
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Recent epidemiologic and clinical Toxoplasma gondii infections in wild canids and other carnivores: 2009–2020
Jitender P. Dubey, Fernando H.A. Murata, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Oliver C.H. Kwok
Veterinary Parasitology.2021; 290: 109337. CrossRef
Epidemiologic and Public Health Significance of Toxoplasma gondii Infections in Venison: 2009–2020
J. P. Dubey, F. H. A. Murata, C. K. Cerqueira-Cézar, O. C. H. Kwok
Journal of Parasitology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular investigation of tick-borne pathogens in ticks removed from tick-bitten humans in the southwestern region of the Republic of Korea
Mi Seon Bang, Choon-Mee Kim, Sang-Hyun Pyun, Dong-Min Kim, Na Ra Yun, Martin Chtolongo Simuunza
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(6): e0252992. CrossRef
Animal reservoirs of zoonotic Babesia species: A global systematic review and meta-analysis of their prevalence, distribution and species diversity
Solomon Ngutor Karshima, Magdalene Nguvan Karshima, Musa Isiyaka Ahmed
Veterinary Parasitology.2021; 298: 109539. CrossRef
Molecular evidence of zoonotic Babesia species, other than B. microti, in ixodid ticks collected from small mammals in the Republic of Korea
Tae Yun Kim, Seong Yoon Kim, Tae‐Kyu Kim, Hee IL Lee, Shin‐Hyeong Cho, Wook‐Gyo Lee, Hyunwoo Kim
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2021; 7(6): 2427. CrossRef
A Review of Zoonotic Babesiosis as an Emerging Public Health Threat in Asia
Sabir Hussain, Abrar Hussain, Muhammad Umair Aziz, Baolin Song, Jehan Zeb, David George, Jun Li, Olivier Sparagano
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The global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in deer from 1978 to 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ao Zeng, Qing-Long Gong, Qi Wang, Chun-Ren Wang, Xiao-Xuan Zhang
Acta Tropica.2020; 208: 105529. CrossRef
Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii in Haemaphysalis Ticks in Korea
Ju Yeong Kim, You Shine Kwak, In-Yong Lee, Tai-Soon Yong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(3): 327. CrossRef
Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in opossums from Southeastern, Brazil
Marcos Antônio Bezerra-Santos, Bárbara Cristina Félix Nogueira, Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi, Artur Kanadani Campos
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2020; 44(3): 661. CrossRef
Molecular Detection of Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Eurasian Badgers (Meles meles) from the United Kingdom
Lisa Guardone, Valentina Virginia Ebani, Ranieri Verin, Simona Nardoni, Antonio Consolazione, Malcolm Bennett, Francesca Mancianti
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Current Status of Tick-Borne Diseases in South Korea
Jae Hyoung Im, JiHyeon Baek, Areum Durey, Hea Yoon Kwon, Moon-Hyun Chung, Jin-Soo Lee
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2019; 19(4): 225. CrossRef
Detection and characterization of an emerging type of Babesia sp. similar to Babesia motasi for the first case of human babesiosis and ticks in Korea
Sung-Hee Hong, Seong-Yoon Kim, Bong Goo Song, Jong Yul Roh, Chong Rae Cho, Chul-Nam Kim, Tae-Hyun Um, Yee Gyung Kwak, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sang-Eun Lee
Emerging Microbes & Infections.2019; 8(1): 869. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Cat Sitters in Korea: Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Sang-Eun Lee, Min-Jae Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(2):203-206.
Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.203

Abstract
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The seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis has been increasing in Korea, and it is controversial whether cats are an important infection source or not. This study was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a high risk group (cat sitters) and to determine the possible importance of cats as an infection source in Korea. Risk factors, including the age, sex, and diet of cat sitters, their contact experience and contact frequency with stray cats, and origin, number, and outdoor activity of their pet cats, were analyzed using structured questionnaires. A total of 673 serum samples from people who have frequent contact with cats (high risk group) and 1,114 samples from general people (low risk group) were examined for specific IgG antibodies against T. gondii by ELISA. The results revealed that the overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 7.4% (n=1,787). The seroprevalence among low risk group was 8.0% (89/1,114), whereas that among high risk group was rather lower 6.4% (43/673), though this difference was statistically not significant (P=0.211). Among the risk factors, only the outdoor activity of pet cats was important; people having cats with outdoor activities revealed 2 times higher seroprevalence than people having cats with only indoor activities (P=0.027). In conclusion, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was not significantly different between the high risk group and low risk group, and the importance of cats as a source of infection in Korea is questionable.

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Prevalence of parasitic infections in stray cats from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Chung-Won Lee, Jae-Young Park, Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(2): 182. CrossRef
Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Recombinant Toxoplasma gondii GRA12 Vaccine in Domestic Cats
Jinru Yang, Linchong Nie, Yining Song, Zipeng Yang, Liulu Yang, Hongjie Ren, Wenhao Li, Yasser Mahmmod, Xiu-Xiang Zhang, Ziguo Yuan, Hao Yuan, Yan Zhang
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in mainland China 2016–2020: a meta-analysis
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Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats in China from 2010 to 2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Xin-Yu Wei, Qing-Long Gong, Ao Zeng, Wei Wang, Qi Wang, Xiao-Xuan Zhang
Preventive Veterinary Medicine.2021; 186: 105230. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in mainland China 2016–2020: a meta-analysis
Siyu Zhou, Ziyin Sang, Lijun Wang, Tangjie Zhang
Journal of Veterinary Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Neuroprotective Effect of Chronic Intracranial Toxoplasma gondii Infection in a Mouse Cerebral Ischemia Model
Seung Hak Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Han Gil Seo, Jong-Yil Chai, Byung-Mo Oh
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 461. CrossRef
Genetic Analysis of Zoonotic Gastrointestinal Protozoa and Microsporidia in Shelter Cats in South Korea
Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
Pathogens.2020; 9(11): 894. CrossRef
New prevalence surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii among rodents and stray cats by ELISA avidity and nested PCR methods, Northeast of Iran
Ehsan Shariat Bahadori, Javid Sadraei, Abdolhosein Dalimi
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2019; 43(3): 360. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Multiplex-Touchdown PCR to Simultaneously Detect Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis, the Major Causes of Traveler’s Diarrhea: Ji-Hun Shin, Sang-Eun Lee, Tong Soo Kim, Da-Won Ma, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):631-636.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.631

Abstract
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This study aimed to develop a multiplex-touchdown PCR method to simultaneously detect 3 species of protozoan parasites, i.e., Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis, the major causes of traveler’s diarrhea and are resistant to standard antimicrobial treatments. The target genes included the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein for C. parvum, Glutamate dehydrogenase for G. lamblia, and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) for C. cayetanensis. The sizes of the amplified fragments were 555, 188, and 400 bps, respectively. The multiplex-touchdown PCR protocol using a primer mixture simultaneously detected protozoa in human stools, and the amplified gene was detected in >1×10³ oocysts for C. parvum, >1×10⁴ cysts for G. lamblia, and >1 copy of the 18S rRNA gene for C. cayetanensis. Taken together, our protocol convincingly demonstrated the ability to simultaneously detect C. parvum, G. lamblia, and C. cayetanenesis in stool samples.

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A Multiplex RT-PCR for the Detection of Three Viruses and One Viroid Infecting Hemp
Derrick J. Grunwald, Jacob MacWilliams, Laine Hackenberg, Sydney Stroschein, Renee Rioux, Punya Nachappa, Shelby Ellison
PhytoFrontiers™.2024; 4(4): 524. CrossRef
Efficacy of a membrane concentration method combined with real-time PCR for detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in drinking water
Jiang Jingyi, Yao Ping, Xu Jian, Chen Jia, Mao Xujian, Li Qiong, Tu Bowen, Wang Fengming
Letters in Applied Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Screening of specific nucleic acid targets for Cronobacter sakazakii and visual detection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification and lateral flow dipstick method in powdered infant formula
Shiqian Fu, Xue Qin, Zhenghui Wang, Xinyan Yang, Sihan Chen, Tao Yang, Haonan Jin, Chaoxin Man, Yujun Jiang
Journal of Dairy Science.2021; 104(5): 5152. CrossRef
Sporadic cyclosporiasis in symptomatic Cuban patients: Confirmation of positive results from conventional diagnostic methods by molecular assay
Luis Enrique Jerez Puebla, Fidel A. Núñez Fernández, Jorge Fraga Nodarse, Iraís Atencio Millán, Iredys Cruz Rodríguez, Lisette Pérez Santos, Yanet Pintos Saavedra, Laura Rodríguez Moreno, Lucy J. Robertson
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2020; 97(3): 115048. CrossRef
Human cyclosporiasis
Annunziata Giangaspero, Robin B Gasser
The Lancet Infectious Diseases.2019; 19(7): e226. CrossRef
Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cyclosporiasis: An Update
Sonia Almeria, Hediye N. Cinar, Jitender P. Dubey
Microorganisms.2019; 7(9): 317. CrossRef
Evaluation of two DNA extraction methods for the PCR-based detection of eukaryotic enteric pathogens in fecal samples
Estelle Menu, Charles Mary, Isabelle Toga, Didier Raoult, Stéphane Ranque, Fadi Bittar
BMC Research Notes.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of Molecular Diagnosis Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR and T4 Phage Internal Control to Simultaneously Detect Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis from Human Stool Samples
Ji-Hun Shin, Sang-Eun Lee, Tong Soo Kim, Da-Won Ma, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 419. CrossRef
Entamoeba histolytica: an Overview
Nadia A. El-Dib
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María A. Echevarría, María L. Eva
Current Tropical Medicine Reports.2017; 4(3): 178. CrossRef

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Effective High-Throughput Blood Pooling Strategy before DNA Extraction for Detection of Malaria in Low-Transmission Settings: Myat Htut Nyunt, Myat Phone Kyaw, Kyaw Zin Thant, Thinzer Shein, Soe Soe Han, Ni Ni Zaw, Jin-Hee Han, Seong-Kyun Lee, Fauzi Muh, Jung-Yeon Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sang-Eun Lee, Eun-Jeong Yang, Chulhun L. Chang, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):253-259.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.253

Abstract
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In the era of (pre) elimination setting, the prevalence of malaria has been decreasing in most of the previously endemic areas. Therefore, effective cost- and time-saving validated pooling strategy is needed for detection of malaria in low transmission settings. In this study, optimal pooling numbers and lowest detection limit were assessed using known density samples prepared systematically, followed by genomic DNA extraction and nested PCR. Pooling strategy that composed of 10 samples in 1 pool, 20 ?l in 1 sample, was optimal, and the parasite density as low as 2 p/?l for both falciparum and vivax infection was enough for detection of malaria. This pooling method showed effectiveness for handling of a huge number of samples in low transmission settings (<9% positive rate). The results indicated that pooling of the blood samples before DNA extraction followed by usual nested PCR is useful and effective for detection of malaria in screening of hidden cases in low-transmission settings.

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Isabella Pagotto, Mohammed Alqahtani, Bryn Joy, Gregory R. McCracken, Ian R. Davis, Jason J. LeBlanc, Glenn Patriquin, Wendy A. Szymczak
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Yunning Zhong, Ping Xu, Siming Zhong, Juan Ding
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Seong-Kyun Lee, Fengyue Hu, Egy Rahman Firdaus, Ji-Hoon Park, Jin-Hee Han, Sang-Eun Lee, Hyun-Il Shin, Shin Hyeong Cho, Won Sun Park, Feng Lu, Eun-Taek Han
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 609. CrossRef
Estimation on local transmission of malaria by serological approach under low transmission setting in Myanmar
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Malaria Journal.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Current Status of Standard Diagnostics and Treatment for Malaria, Tuberculosis, and Hepatitis in Myanmar
Eun-Taek Han, Jong-Seok Lee, Jae-Hun Cheong, Chulhun L. Chang, Myat Htut Nyunt, Wah Wah Aung, Yi Yi Kyaw, Kyaw Zin Thant
Laboratory Medicine Online.2017; 7(3): 94. CrossRef
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Food Control.2017; 82: 298. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis Infection among Residents along 5 Major Rivers in the Republic of Korea: Young-Il Jeong, Hee-Eun Shin, Sang-Eun Lee, Hyeng-Il Cheun, Jung-Won Ju, Jung-Yeon Kim, Mi Yeoun Park, Shin-Hyeong Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):215-219.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.215

Abstract
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Clonorchis sinensis is currently the most important parasite affecting public health problems in the Republic of Korea. We investigated the prevalence of C. sinensis infection among residents living along 5 major rivers in Korea. A total of 42,562 individual stool samples were collected from 37 localities and examined using the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. Helminth eggs were detected in 4,052 (9.5%) residents and 3,586 (8.4%) were infected with C. sinensis. The egg positive rate of C. sinensis in Nakdong, Seomjin, Geum, Yeongsan, and Han River was 11.7%, 9.9%, 6.5%, 3.1%, and 1.0%, respectively. The overall prevalence of clonorchiasis by sex was 11.2% in males and 6.2% in females. The age-prevalence was the highest in the 50-59 years band. It has been reconfirmed that the endemicity of clonorchiasis is higher in southern areas of Korea, especially along Nakdong and Seomjin Rivers. A combination of continuous control programs with health education initiatives is urgently required in these highly endemic areas of clonorchiasis in Korea.

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Serological Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi among Horses in Korea: Seung-Hun Lee, Sun-Hee Yun, Eunsang Choi, Yong-Soo Park, Sang-Eun Lee, Gil-Jae Cho, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):97-101.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.97

Abstract
PDF

Lyme disease is a tick-borne zoonotic infectious disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. The present study assessed the infection status of B. burgdorferi among horses reared in Korea using ELISA and PCR. Between 2009 and 2013, blood samples were collected from 727 horses throughout Korea. Data for each animal including age, gender, breed, and region of sample collection were used for epidemiological analysis. Overall, 38 (5.2%; true prevalence: 5.5%) of 727 horses were seropositive by ELISA. There were statistically significant differences according to breed and region (P<0.001) whose differences might be attributed to the ecology of vector ticks and climate conditions. Using 2 nested PCR, none of the samples tested positive for B. burgdorferi. Thus, a positive ELISA result can indicate only that the tested horse was previously exposed to B. burgdorferi, with no certainty over the time of exposure. Since global warming is likely to increase the abundance of ticks in Korea, continuous monitoring of tick-borne diseases in Korean horses is needed.

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Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women Visiting 2 Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics in Daegu, South Korea: Youn-Kyoung Goo, Won-Sik Shin, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Won-Myung Lee, Hyun-Hee Kong, Won-Ki Lee, Sang-Eun Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):75-80.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.75

Abstract
PDF

This study explored epidemiological trends in trichomoniasis in Daegu, South Korea. Wet mount microscopy, PCR, and multiplex PCR were used to test for Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal swab samples obtained from 621 women visiting 2 clinics in Daegu. Of the 621 women tested, microscopy detected T. vaginalis in 4 (0.6%) patients, PCR detected T. vaginalis in 19 (3.0%) patients, and multiplex PCR detected T. vaginalis in 12 (1.9%) patients. Testing via PCR demonstrated high sensitivity and high negative predictive value for T. vaginalis. Among the 19 women who tested positive for T. vaginalis according to PCR, 94.7% (18/19) reported vaginal signs and symptoms. Notably, more than 50% of T. vaginalis infections occurred in females younger than 30 years old, and 58% were unmarried. Multiplex PCR, which simultaneously detects pathogens from various sexually transmitted infections, revealed that 91.7% (11/12) of patients were infected with 2 or more pathogens. Mycoplasma hominis was the most prevalent co-infection pathogen with T. vaginalis, followed by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis. Our results indicate that PCR and multiplex PCR are the most sensitive tools for T. vaginalis diagnosis, rather than microscopy which has been routinely used to detect T. vaginalis infections in South Korea. Therefore, clinicians should take note of the high prevalence of T. vaginalis infections among adolescent and young women in order to prevent persistent infection and transmission of this disease.

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Lauren Hernández-Buelvas, Milena Camargo, Ricardo Sánchez, Manuel Elkin Patarroyo, Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
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Sun Huh
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PREVALENCE OF TRICHOMONIASIS IN ASYMPTOMATIC PREGNANT WOMEN POPULATION IN BANDUNG, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
Pati Aji Achdiat, Reiva Farah Dwiyana, Vina Feriza, Rasmia Rowawi, Rendy Ariezal Effendi, Oki Suwarsa, Hendra Gunawan
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease.2019; 7(4): 57. CrossRef
Prevalence of Trichomoniasis by PCR in Women Attending Health Screening in Korea
Seung-Ryong Kim, Jung-Hyun Kim, Na-Yeong Gu, Yong-Suk Kim, Yeon-Chul Hong, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(2): 187. CrossRef
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Targeting Actin DNA of Trichomonas vaginalis
Youn-Kyoung Goo, Won-Sik Shin, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Hyun-Hee Kong, Won-Ki Lee, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong
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So-Young Joo, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Jae-Sook Ryu, Sang-Eun Lee, Won Kee Lee, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong, Zhefeng Meng
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(12): e0167938. CrossRef

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Original Article

Toxoplasma gondii B1 Gene Detection in Feces of Stray Cats around Seoul, Korea and Genotype Analysis of Two Laboratory-Passaged Isolates: Bong-Kwang Jung, Sang-Eun Lee, Hyemi Lim, Jaeeun Cho, Deok-Gyu Kim, Hyemi Song, Min-Jae Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(3):259-263.
Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.259

Abstract
PDF

The increasing prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the human population in the Republic of Korea (= Korea) is due to various reasons such as an increase in meat consumption. However, the importance of cats in transmitting T. gondii infection through oocysts to humans has seldom been assessed. A total of 300 fecal samples of stray cats captured around Seoul from June to August 2013 were examined for T. gondii B1 gene (indicating the presence of oocysts) using nested-PCR. Fourteen (4.7%) of 300 cats examined were positive for B1 gene. Female cats (7.5%) showed a higher prevalence than male cats (1.4%). Cats younger than 3 months (5.5%) showed a higher prevalence than cats (1.5%) older than 3 months. For laboratory passage of the positive samples, the fecal suspension (0.2 ml) of B1 gene positive cats was orally inoculated into experimental mice. Brain tissues of the mice were obtained after 40 days and examined for the presence of tissue cysts. Two isolates were successfully passaged (designated KNIH-1 and KNIH-2) and were molecularly analyzed using the SAG5D and SAG5E gene sequences. The SAG5D and SAG5E gene sequences showed high homologies with the ME49 strain (less virulent strain). The results indicated the importance of stray cats in transmitting T. gondii to humans in Korea, as revealed by detection of B1 gene in fecal samples. T. gondii isolates from cats were successfully passaged in the laboratory for the first time in Korea.

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Yeojin Park, Jinhyeong Noh, Hyun-Ji Seo, Keun-Ho Kim, Subin Min, Mi-Sun Yoo, Bo-Ram Yun, Jong-Ho Kim, Eun-Jin Choi, Doo-Sung Cheon, Sung-Jong Hong, Soon-Seek Yoon, Yun Sang Cho
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Mohammed Nasiru Wana, Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas, Malaika Watanabe, Ngah Zasmy Unyah, Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi, Ashraf Ahmad Issa Alapid, Norshariza Nordin, Rusliza Basir, Roslaini Abd Majid
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Brief Communications

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis Infection in Stray Cats by Nested PCR in Korea: Hyung-Jin Park, Sang-Eun Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Jung-Hyun Oh, Easwaran Maheswaran, Kyoung-Won Seo, Kun-Ho Song; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(6):691-694.
Published online December 23, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.6.691

Abstract
PDF

The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey of Dirofilaria immitis infection among stray cats in Korea using nested PCR. We included 235 stray cats (121 females and 114 males) and evaluated each for the presence of feline heartworm infection. Blood samples were collected from 135 cats in Daejeon, 50 cats in Seoul, and 50 cats from Gyeonggi-do (Province). Of the 235 DNA samples, 14 (6.0%) were positive for D. immitis. The prevalence of infection in male cats (8/114, 7.0%) tended to be higher than that in female cats (6/121, 5.0%), but the difference was not statistically significant. In each location, 8, 2, and 4 cats were positive for infection, respectively, based on DNA testing. No significant differences in the prevalence were observed among the geographic regions, although the rate of infection was higher in Gyeonggi-do (8.0%) than Daejeon (5.9%) and Seoul (4.0%). We submitted 7 of the 14 D. immitis DNA-positive samples for sequencing analysis. All samples corresponded to partial D. immitis cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences with 99% homology to the D. immitis sequence deposited in GenBank (accession no. FN391553). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey using nested PCR to analyze the prevalence of D. immitis in stray cats in Korea.

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Juyeon Choi, Kyu-Sung Ahn, Ah-Jin Ahn, SungShik Shin
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Evidence of Dirofilaria immitis in Felids in North-Eastern Italy
Marika Grillini, Antonio Frangipane di Regalbono, Cinzia Tessarin, Paola Beraldo, Rudi Cassini, Erica Marchiori, Giulia Simonato
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Carl Adagra, Richard Squires, Angela Adagra, Jennifer Elliman, Constantin Constantinoiu
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Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in Cats from Liaoning Province, Northeastern China
Honglie Hou, Lili Cao, Wenzhi Ren, Dansheng Wang, He Ding, Juan You, Xinhua Yao, Hang Dong, Yanbing Guo, Shuxian Yuan, Xichen Zhang, Pengtao Gong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(6): 673. CrossRef
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Wei Cong, Qing-Feng Meng, Radu Blaga, Isabelle Villena, Xing-Quan Zhu, Ai-Dong Qian
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Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis by PCR in Men Attending a Primary Care Urology Clinic in South Korea: Jun-Hyeok Seo, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Yu-Ran Lee, Jae-Sook Ryu, Eun Sang Yoo, Won Kee Lee, Hyun-Hee Kong, Sang-Eun Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):551-555.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.551

Abstract
PDF

Trichomonas vaginalis, a causative agent of trichomoniasis, may trigger symptomatic or asymptomatic nongonococcal urethritis and chronic prostatitis in men. Despite the availability of highly sensitive diagnostic tests, such as nucleic acid amplification tests, including PCR, few prospective studies present data on male T. vaginalis infection in South Korea. In the present study, the prevalence of T. vaginalis and associated clinical conditions were evaluated in 201 male patients from a primary care urology clinic in South Korea. The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in our cohort was 4% (8/201) by PCR. T. vaginalis infection was common in men older than 40 years (median age, 52 years). Among the 8 Trichomonas-positive patients, 87.5% (7/8) had prostatic diseases, such as prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 25.0% (2/8) and 12.5% (1/8) were coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium, respectively. Our results suggest that T. vaginalis infection is not rare in men attending primary care urology clinics in South Korea, especially in those older than 40 years, in whom it may explain the presence of prostatic disease. The possibility of T. vaginalis infection should be routinely considered in older male patients with prostatic diseases in South Korea.

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Trichomoniasis in Men: A Neglected Factor in Male Infertility?
Seyed Ali Hosseini, Mohammad Matini, Maryam Bahmanzadeh, Reza Aslani, Faeze Foroughi-Parvar
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence and infection risk factors of Trichomonas vaginalis
Wenjie Tian, Yuhua Li, Yani Zhang, Yiming Zhang, Yiran Qin, Yalin Han, Dongxian Li, Shuai Wang, Zhenke Yang, Xiaowei Tian, Xuefang Mei, Zhenchao Zhang
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K. Chukwuemeka Obetta, Innocent Okonkwo Ogbonna, Dorida Nneka Oyigbo, Oliver Onyemaechi Ugwu, Kenneth Okonkwo Ugwu, Beatrice N. Onah, Chinasa Maryrose Ugwunnadi, Joseph O. Acha, Ngozi Uzoamaka Chuke, Ogechi Nkemjika, Onyinyechi Elizabeth Okoye
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Prevalence and Genotype of Trichomonas vaginalis among Men in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
Zhenchao Zhang, Yuhui Sang, Pucheng Wu, Yujia Shang, Lesong Li, Yujuan Duan, Linfei Zhao, Minghui Gao, Lihua Guo, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei, Jianbing Mu
Journal of Tropical Medicine.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(1): 21. CrossRef
Comparison of Two PCR Assays for Trichomonas vaginalis
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Status of common parasitic diseases in Korea in 2019
Sun Huh
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Youn-Kyoung Goo, Won-Sik Shin, Hye-Won Yang, So-Young Joo, Su-Min Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Won-Myung Lee, Hyun-Hee Kong, Won-Ki Lee, Sang-Eun Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong
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Molecular Detection and Seroprevalence of Babesia microti among Stock Farmers in Khutul City, Selenge Province, Mongolia: Sung-Hee Hong, Davaasuren Anu, Young-Il Jeong, Davaajav Abmed, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(4):443-447.
Published online August 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.443

Abstract
PDF

Babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease in humans worldwide; however, little is known about the frequency of infection or prevalence of this disease in other parts of the world, excluding North America. In this study, we aimed to investigate Babesia microti infection frequency in a human population in Mongolia. One hundred blood samples were collected from stock farmers living in Khutul city of Selenge province, Mongolia. The sera and DNA from blood samples were evaluated for the presence of B. microti infection by using indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests and PCR. The positive detection rates obtained using the IFA tests and PCR assays were 7% and 3%, respectively. This study is the first to detect of B. microti infections based on antibody seroprevalence or PCR assays for the presence of B. microti DNA in a Mongolian population.

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The Babesia observational antibody (BAOBAB) study: A cross-sectional evaluation of Babesia in two communities in Kilosa district, Tanzania
Evan M. Bloch, Zakayo Mrango, Mabula Kasubi, Jerusha Weaver, Aleksandra Mihailovic, Beatriz Munoz, Anna Weimer, Andrew Levin, Laura Tonnetti, Jeffrey M. Linnen, Vanessa Brès, Douglas E. Norris, Giovanna Carpi, Sheila K. West, Christine A Petersen
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2019; 13(8): e0007632. CrossRef
Some aspects on tick species in Mongolia and their potential role in the transmission of equine piroplasms, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi L.
Myadagsuren Narankhajid, Chultemsuren Yeruult, Agvaandaram Gurbadam, Jigjav Battsetseg, Stephan W. Aberle, Badamdorj Bayartogtokh, Anja Joachim, Georg Gerhard Duscher
Parasitology Research.2018; 117(11): 3557. CrossRef
Case report of the patient source of the Babesia microti R1 reference strain and implications for travelers
Philipp Stahl, Yves Poinsignon, Pascal Pouedras, Vasilica Ciubotaru, Laurence Berry, Brinda Emu, Peter J Krause, Choukri Ben Mamoun, Emmanuel Cornillot
Journal of Travel Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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E. M. Bloch, Y. Yang, M. He, L. Tonnetti, Y. Liu, J. Wang, Y. Guo, H. Li, D. A. Leiby, H. Shan
Vox Sanguinis.2018; 113(4): 345. CrossRef
Babesia microti and Malaria Infection in Africa: A Pilot Serosurvey in Kilosa District, Tanzania
Evan M. Bloch, Mabula Kasubi, Andrew Levin, Zakayo Mrango, Jerusha Weaver, Beatriz Munoz, Sheila K. West
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2018; 99(1): 51. CrossRef
A novel quantitative PCR detects Babesia infection in patients not identified by currently available non-nucleic acid amplification tests
Lavoisier Akoolo, Samantha Schlachter, Rasel Khan, Laura Alter, Albert D. Rojtman, Kristine Gedroic, Purnima Bhanot, Nikhat Parveen
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Zi-Hou Gao, Tao-Hua Huang, Bao-Gui Jiang, Na Jia, Zheng-Xiang Liu, Zong-Ti Shao, Rui-Ruo Jiang, Hong-Bo Liu, Ran Wei, Yu-Qiong Li, Hong-Wu Yao, Michael E. von Fricken, Jia-Fu Jiang, Chun-Hong Du, Wu-Chun Cao, Joseph M. Vinetz
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2017; 11(10): e0005898. CrossRef
Detection of Babesia venatorum, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis in Ixodes persulcatus ticks from Mongolia
Carolin Karnath, Anna Obiegala, Stephanie Speck, Sandra Essbauer, Henri Derschum, Holger Scholz, Daniel Kiefer, Damdindorj Tserennorov, Otgonbataar Dashdavaa, Nyamdorj Tsogbadrakh, Battsetseg Jigjav, Martin Pfeffer
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.2016; 7(2): 357. CrossRef
Experimental transmission of Babesia microti by Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides
Lan-Hua Li, Dan Zhu, Chen-Chen Zhang, Yi Zhang, Xiao-Nong Zhou
Parasites & Vectors.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Ixodes persulcatus Ticks as Vectors for the Babesia microti U.S. Lineage in Japan
Aya Zamoto-Niikura, Shigeru Morikawa, Ken-Ichi Hanaki, Patricia J. Holman, Chiaki Ishihara, P. D. Schloss
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2016; 82(22): 6624. CrossRef
The PCR detection and phylogenetic characterization of Babesia microti in questing ticks in Mongolia
Bumduuren Tuvshintulga, Thillaiampalam Sivakumar, Badgar Battsetseg, Sandag-ochir Narantsatsaral, Batsaikhan Enkhtaivan, Banzragch Battur, Kyoko Hayashida, Kazuhiro Okubo, Takahiro Ishizaki, Noboru Inoue, Ikuo Igarashi, Naoaki Yokoyama
Parasitology International.2015; 64(6): 527. CrossRef

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Household Cats in Korea and Risk Factors: Sung-Hee Hong, Young-Il Jeong, Jae-Young Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):357-361.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.357

Abstract
PDF

Several epidemiological surveys have reported the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in stray cats in Korea, but little information is available on T. gondii infection in household cats. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of T. gondii infection among household cats reared in Seoul, Korea. A total of 474 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy household cats. All samples were tested using ELISA and PCR. The risk factor analysis was based on a questionnaire filled out by the owners. The overall positive rate for ELISA and PCR assays was 2.2% (10/437) and 2.1% (10/474), respectively. With regard to the origin of cats, the positive rates among cats adopted from the animal shelter and veterinary clinic for stray cats were significantly different (P<0.05). Our study demonstrated that the positive rate of T. gondii infection in household cats was low and that this low prevalence was assumed to be associated with keeping the cats indoors and restriction of eating raw food and uncooked meat. Therefore, we suggest that the owners check the origin of the cats prior to adoption to prevent infection of other animals, including humans.

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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(2): 203. CrossRef
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Original Articles

Larval Anisakid Infections in Marine Fish from Three Sea Areas of the Republic of Korea: Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sang-Eun Lee, Ok-Hee Park, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):295-299.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.295

Abstract
PDF

The present study was performed to determine the infection status of anisakid larvae in marine fish collected from 3 sea areas of the Republic of Korea. Total 86 marine fish (8 species) collected from the East Sea (Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do), 171 fish (10 species) from the South Sea (Sacheon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do), and 92 fish (7 species) from the Yellow Sea (Incheon Metropolitan City) were examined by both naked eyes and artificial digestion method. Among the total of 349 fish examined, 213 (61.0%) were infected with 8 species of anisakid larvae, i.e., Anisakis simplex, 6 types of Contracaecum spp., and Raphidascaris sp., and the mean larval density was 13.8 per infected fish. Anisakid larvae were detected in 45 fish (52.3%) from the East Sea, 131 fish (76.6%) from the South Sea, and 37 fish (40.2%) from the Yellow Sea. The average numbers of larvae detected were 4.0, 16.6, and 15.9, respectively. Anisakis simplex larvae were detected in 149 fish (42.7%), and the mean larval density was 9.0 per infected fish. They were found in 26 fish (30.2%) collected from the East Sea, 96 fish (56.1%) from the South Sea, and 27 fish (29.3%) from the Yellow Sea. The average numbers of larvae detected were 2.9, 10.3, and 10.5, respectively. Conclusively, the present study suggests that the infection rate and density of anisakid larvae are more or less higher in the fish from the South Sea than those from the East Sea or the Yellow Sea.

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Serologic Survey of Toxoplasmosis in Seoul and Jeju-do, and a Brief Review of Its Seroprevalence in Korea: Hyemi Lim, Sang-Eun Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min-Ki Kim, Mi Youn Lee, Ho-Woo Nam, Jong-Gyun Shin, Cheong-Ha Yun, Han-Ik Cho, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):287-293.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.287

Abstract
PDF

Knowledge of the prevalence of human Toxoplasma gondii infection is required in the Republic of Korea. In this study, we surveyed the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and analyzed the risk factors associated with seropositivity among residents in 2 administrative districts; Seoul and the island of Jeju-do, which have contrasting epidemiologic characteristics. Sera and blood collected from 2,150 residents (1,114 in Seoul and 1,036 in Jeju-do) were checked for IgG antibody titers using ELISA and for the T. gondii B1 gene using PCR. In addition, participants completed a questionnaire that solicited information on gender, age, occupation, eating habits, history of contact with animals, and travel abroad. The T. gondii B1 gene was not detected in all residents examined. However, ELISA showed 8.0% (89 of 1,114 sera) positive for IgG antibodies against T. gondii in Seoul and 11.3% (117 of 1,036 sera) in Jeju-do. In both districts, the positive rates were higher in males than in females, and those 40-79 years of age showed higher rates than other ages. In Seoul, residents older than 70 years of age showed the highest positive rate, 14.9%, whereas in Jeju-do the highest prevalence, 15.6%, was in those in their sixties. The higher seropositive rate in Jeju-do than in Seoul may be related to eating habits and occupations. The present results and a review of related literature are indicative of an increased seroprevalence of T. gondii in Korea in recent years.

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Brief Communications

Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among Preschool Children in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea: Sung-Hee Hong, Young-Il Jeong, Jin-Hee Lee, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):259-262.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.259

Abstract
PDF

We assessed the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection and changes in the egg positive rate (EPR) over 1-year time, using the adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method in 2,347 preschool children in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea in 2008 and 2009. The overall EPR for E. vermicularis was 4.1% in 2008 and 4.5% in 2009. A study population of 389 children was repeatedly examined for 2 years. Within this group, the EPR in 2009 was twice higher than in 2008, and the EPR of the group of 5-7-year-old children was significantly higher than that of other age groups. Moreover, in the group of 5-7-year-old children in 2009, the rates of positive and negative conversion were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than in other age groups. Conclusively, enterobiasis was prevalent during 2008-2009 among preschool children in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, and the increased EPR in 2009 was due to an increase in newly acquired infections among 5-7-year-old children.

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Usama M. Alkholy, Sherief M. El Gebaly, Walaa E. M. A. Morsi, Waleed E. Elawamy, Samia E. Etewa, Asmaa M. Yousef, Eric Agola Lelo
Journal of Parasitology Research.2024; 2024: 1. CrossRef
Positive rates for Enterobius vermicularis eggs among preschool children in Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea (2017-2021)
Myoung-Ro Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Seon-Ok Back, Young-Ju Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Chun Soon Park, Hee-Il Lee
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 84. CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Preschool Children: A 12-Year (2008-2019) Survey in Large Cities and Provinces of the Republic of Korea
Hyejoo Shin, Bong-Kwang Jung, Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Jiyeon Park, Keon Hoon Lee, Jeonggyu Lee, Jae Young Park, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Jae Hyun Cho, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 421. CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among pre-school children in Taipei, Taiwan
Kuang-Yao Chen, Chuan-Min Yen, Kao-Pin Hwang, Lian-Chen Wang
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The frequency of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children from Wielkopolska Voivodeship
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Shuai Wang, Zhijun Yao, Yichen Hou, Dong Wang, Haizhu Zhang, Jingbo Ma, Luwen Zhang, Shiguo Liu
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Hong-Mei Li, Chang-Hai Zhou, Zhi-Shi Li, Zhuo-Hui Deng, Cai-Wen Ruan, Qi-Ming Zhang, Ting-Jun Zhu, Long-Qi Xu, Ying-Dan Chen
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Detection of Ocular Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Chronic Irregular Recurrent Uveitis by PCR: Sang-Eun Lee, Sung-Hee Hong, Seong-Ho Lee, Young-Il Jeong, Su Jin Lim, Oh Woong Kwon, Sun Hyun Kim, Young Sung You, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):229-231.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.229

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite resulting in human infections and one of the infectious pathogens leading to uveitis and retinochoroiditis. The present study was performed to assess T. gondii infection in 20 ocular patients with chronic irregular recurrent uveitis (20 aqueous humor and 20 peripheral blood samples) using PCR. All samples were analyzed by nested PCR targeting a specific B1 gene of T. gondii. The PCR-positive rate was 25% (5/20), including 5% (1) in blood samples, 25% (5) in aqueous humor samples, and 5% (1) in both sample types. A molecular screening test for T. gondii infection in ocular patients with common clinical findings of an unclear retinal margin and an inflammatory membrane over the retina, as seen by fundus examination, may be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment.

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Florence Robert-Gangneux, Sorya Belaz
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Naushaba Siddiqui, Fatima Shujatullah, Haris M. Khan, Tamkin Rabbani, Parvez A. Khan
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Wei Cong, Si-Yang Huang, Dong-Hui Zhou, Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Quan Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(3): 363. CrossRef
Serologic Survey of Toxoplasmosis in Seoul and Jeju-do, and a Brief Review of Its Seroprevalence in Korea
Hyemi Lim, Sang-Eun Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min-Ki Kim, Mi Youn Lee, Ho-Woo Nam, Jong-Gyun Shin, Cheong-Ha Yun, Han-Ik Cho, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(4): 287. CrossRef

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Crossref

Comparison of Egg Positive Rates of Enterobius vermicularis among Preschool Children in Three Korean Localities: Sung-Hee Hong, Sang-Eun Lee, Young-Il Jeong, Won-Ja Lee, Shin-Hyeong Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):441-443.
Published online December 16, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.441

Abstract
PDF

This survey was performed to investigate and compare egg positive rates (EPRs) of Enterobius vermicularis among preschool children in 3 Korean localities (Chuncheon-si, Inje-gun, and Paju-si) in 2008. A total of 7,048 preschool children were examined. Overall, the total EPR was 4.0%; the EPR was the highest in Chuncheon-si (5.6%), followed by Inje-gun (4.5%) and Paju-si (3.4%). The EPR of boys (4.9%) was higher than that of girls (3.1%). The EPR significantly increased with age, with the highest observed in 5~7-year-olds. These findings demonstrate that E. vermicularis infection is widely prevalent among preschool children in Chuncheon-si, Inje-gun, and Paju-si, Republic of Korea.

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Endoparasitism and risk factors in horses from ethnic communities in Andean areas of southern Chile
Tamara Muñoz-Caro, Paula Gavilán, José Villanueva, Carlos Oberg, Christian Herrera, Flery Fonseca-Salamanca, Alejandro Hidalgo
Tropical Animal Health and Production.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Positive rates for Enterobius vermicularis eggs among preschool children in Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea (2017-2021)
Myoung-Ro Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Seon-Ok Back, Young-Ju Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Chun Soon Park, Hee-Il Lee
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 84. CrossRef
Global prevalence of enterobiasis in young children over the past 20 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Elham Kia Lashaki, Azadeh Mizani, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Bentolhoda Habibi, Khadijeh Taherkhani, Amir Javadi, AliReza Taremiha, Samira Dodangeh
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(6): 441. CrossRef
Prevalence and genetic analysis of Enterobius vermicularis in schoolchildren in lower northern Thailand
Pichamon Janthu, Abdulhakam Dumidae, Chanakan Subkrasae, Jiranun Ardpairin, Saengchai Nateeworanart, Aunchalee Thanwisai, Apichat Vitta
Parasitology Research.2022; 121(10): 2955. CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Preschool Children: A 12-Year (2008-2019) Survey in Large Cities and Provinces of the Republic of Korea
Hyejoo Shin, Bong-Kwang Jung, Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Jiyeon Park, Keon Hoon Lee, Jeonggyu Lee, Jae Young Park, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Jae Hyun Cho, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 421. CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among pre-school children in Taipei, Taiwan
Kuang-Yao Chen, Chuan-Min Yen, Kao-Pin Hwang, Lian-Chen Wang
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection.2018; 51(4): 559. CrossRef
Prevalence ofEnterobius vermicularisamong preschool children in 2003 and 2013 in Xinxiang city, Henan province, Central China
Shuai Wang, Zhijun Yao, Yichen Hou, Dong Wang, Haizhu Zhang, Jingbo Ma, Luwen Zhang, Shiguo Liu
Parasite.2016; 23: 30. CrossRef
Chemotherapeutic drugs for common parasitic diseases in Korea
Sun Huh
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2013; 56(6): 513. CrossRef

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Case Report

A Case of Pulmonary Paragonimiasis with Involvement of the Abdominal Muscle in a 9-Year-Old Girl: Ah-Rum Cho, Hae-Ran Lee, Kwan-Sub Lee, Sang-Eun Lee, So-Yeon Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):409-412.
Published online December 16, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.409

Abstract
PDF

In Korea, many people enjoy eating raw or underkooked freshwater crayfish and crabs which unfortunately may cause paragonimiasis. Here, we describe a case of pulmonary and abdominal paragonimiasis in a 9-year-old girl, who presented with a 1-month history of abdominal pain, especially in the right flank and the right inguinal area, with anorexia. A chest radiograph revealed pleural effusion in both lungs, and her abdominal sonography indicated an inflammatory lesion in the right psoas muscle. Peripheral blood analysis of the patient showed hypereosinophilia (66.0%) and an elevated total serum IgE level (>2,500 IU/ml). The pleural effusion tested by ELISA were also positive for antibodies against paragonimiasis. Her dietary history stated that she had ingested raw freshwater crab, 4 months previously. The diagnosis was pulmonary paragonimiasis accompanied by abdominal muscle involvement. She was improved after 5 cycles of praziquantel treatment and 2 times of pleural effusion drainage. In conclusion, herein, we report a case of pulmonary and abdominal paragonimiasis in a girl who presented with abdominal pain and tenderness in the inguinal area.

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Brief Communications

Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among Preschool Children in Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea: Sang-Eun Lee, Jin-Hee Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Won-Ja Lee, Shin-Hyeong Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(2):183-185.
Published online June 14, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.183

Abstract
PDF

The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among preschool children in Gimhae-si, Korea. A total of 6,921 preschool children in 76 kindergartens were examined using the cellotape perianal swab method. The overall egg positive rate (EPR) was 10.5%. The EPR in boys was higher than that in girls (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.5, P<0.001), and it was higher in rural than in urban children (AOR: 1.2, P=0.022). The present study confirmed that the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection is fairly high among preschool children in Gimhae-si. Therefore, systematic control and preventive measures should be adopted to reduce morbidity associated with this nematode infection.

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Stray and Household Cats in Regions of Seoul, Korea: Sang-Eun Lee, Jae-Yeong Kim, Yun-Ah Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hye-Jin Ahn, Heung-Myong Woo, Won-Ja Lee, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(3):267-270.
Published online September 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.267

Abstract
PDF

The principal
objective
of this study was to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in household and stray cats in Seoul, Republic of Korea. We collected blood samples from 72 stray and 80 household cats, and all samples were examined by ELISA and nested PCR. The overall positive rates of Toxoplasma gondii in stray cats were 38.9% (28/72), with 15.3% (11/72) in ELISA and 30.6% (22/72) in PCR. The positive rate in male stray cats was slightly higher than that of female stray cats. The highest positive rate of T. gondii infection was noted in Gangnam and Songpa populations in ELISA and in Gwangjin population in PCR. In household cats, however, we could not detect any specific antibodies or DNA for T. gondii. In conclusion, we recognized that the infection rate of toxoplasmosis in stray cats in Seoul was considerably high but household cats were free from infection.

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Genotype of Toxoplasma gondii from Blood of Stray Cats in Gyeonggi-do, Korea: Hye-Youn Kim, Yun-Ah Kim, Ho Sa Lee, Ho Gun Rhie, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jae-Ran Yu, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):413-415.
Published online December 2, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.413

Abstract
PDF

Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii has been performed in 23 PCR positive blood samples from stray cats in Korea. We used 2 separate PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of SAG2 gene, amplifying the 5'and 3'ends of the locus. The results revealed that all samples belonged to the type I clonal lineage. Although T. gondii organisms were not isolated from the samples, the results of the present study represent that stray cats with T. gondii infection should be seriously concerned in our environment. Adequate and continuous control programs of stray cats are needed to reduce the risk of transmission of T. gondii as a zoonotic infection threatening the public health.

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An outbreak of toxoplasmosis in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in South Korea
Hanseul Oh, Kyung‐Yeon Eo, Sanjeev Gumber, Jung Joo Hong, C‐Yoon Kim, Hyun‐Ho Lee, Young‐Mok Jung, Jin Kim, Gyu‐Whan Whang, Ji‐Min Lee, Yong‐Gu Yeo, Bokyeong Ryu, Ji‐Sook Ryu, Seul‐Kee Lee, Ukjin Kim, Sin‐Geun Kang, Jae‐Hak Park
Journal of Medical Primatology.2018; 47(4): 238. CrossRef
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P. Chaichan, A. Mercier, L. Galal, A. Mahittikorn, F. Ariey, S. Morand, F. Boumédiène, R. Udonsom, A. Hamidovic, J.B. Murat, Y. Sukthana, M.L. Dardé
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Kenneth Hammond-Aryee, Monika Esser, Lesley van Helden, Paul van Helden
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H.H. Jiang, S.Y. Qin, W. Wang, B. He, T.S. Hu, J.M. Wu, Q.S. Fan, C.C. Tu, Q. Liu, X.Q. Zhu
Veterinary Parasitology.2014; 203(3-4): 318. CrossRef
Prevalence and molecular characterizations of Toxoplasma gondii and Babesia microti from small mammals captured in Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, Republic of Korea
Sung-Hee Hong, Sang-Eun Lee, Young-Il Jeong, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, Terry A. Klein, Jin-Won Song, Se Hun Gu, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee
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Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2013; 79(11): 3526. CrossRef

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Stray Cats of Gyeonggi-do, Korea: Hye-Youn Kim, Yun-Ah Kim, Seungwon Kang, Ho Sa Lee, Ho Gun Rhie, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(3):199-201.
Published online September 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.3.199

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular zoonotic protozoan with a worldwide distribution. It infects humans as well as a broad spectrum of vertebrate hosts. Cats and wild felidae play crucial roles in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. This study was performed to survey the prevalence of T. gondii infection among stray cats in the Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. A total of 174 stray cat blood samples were collected from Gwacheon-si (n = 20), Bucheon-si (82), and Yangju-si (72). Positive sera for T. gondii were identified in 14 samples (8.1%) exclusively via the latex agglutination test, 28 (16.1%) via ELISA, and 23 (13.2%) via PCR analysis. The overall infection rate of female stray cats (29.2%) presented as higher than that of male cats (24.0%). This study suggests that T. gondii is widespread in the stray cat population of Gyeonggi-do, Korea. It is urgently needed to control urban stray cat population and to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission of toxoplasmosis to other animal hosts and humans.

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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(3): 257. CrossRef
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Kyu-Sung Ahn, Ah-Jin Ahn, Sang-ik Park, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jae-han Shim, Sung-Shik Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 665. CrossRef
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in household and feral cats in Korea
Sung-Eon Kim, Ran Choi, Seung-Won Kang, Changbaig Hyun
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2017; 41(3): 823. CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii B1 Gene Detection in Feces of Stray Cats around Seoul, Korea and Genotype Analysis of Two Laboratory-Passaged Isolates
Bong-Kwang Jung, Sang-Eun Lee, Hyemi Lim, Jaeeun Cho, Deok-Gyu Kim, Hyemi Song, Min-Jae Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(3): 259. CrossRef
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Sung-Hee Hong, Young-Il Jeong, Jae-Young Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Sang-Eun Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(3): 357. CrossRef
Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii infection on stray cats in Daejeon
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs from Korea
Thuy Nguyen, Se-Eun Choe, Jae-Won Byun, Hong-Bum Koh, Hee-Soo Lee, Seung-Won Kang
Acta Parasitologica.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
A Surge in the Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among the Residents of Islands in Gangwha-gun, Incheon, Korea
Zhaoshou Yang, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Hye-Jin Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Chom-Kyu Chong, Sung-Jong Hong, Seok Ho Cha, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(3): 191. CrossRef
Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Rapid Serodiagnostic Test for Toxoplasmosis of Cats Using Recombinant SAG1 Antigen
Chom-Kyu Chong, Wooseog Jeong, Hak-Yong Kim, Dong-Jun An, Hye-Young Jeoung, Jeong-Eun Ryu, A-Ra Ko, Yong-Joo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Zhaoshou Yang, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(3): 207. CrossRef
Clinical Features of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Korean Patients
Young-Hoon Park, Jae-Hyung Han, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(2): 167. CrossRef
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Feral Cats in Seoul, Korea
Sang-Eun Lee, Neung-Hee Kim, Hee-Sun Chae, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Ho-Woo Nam, Won-Ja Lee, Sun-Heung Kim, Jung-Hark Lee
Journal of Parasitology.2011; 97(1): 153. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in cattle in northern area of Gyeongnam
Min-Kwon Lee, Jong-Sik Park, Min-Hee Kim, Dong-Yeop Park, Cheol-Ho Kim, Guk-Heon Kim, Jae-Hyeon Cho
Korean Journal of Veterinary Service.2011; 34(3): 245. CrossRef
Prevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiInfection in Stray and Household Cats in Regions of Seoul, Korea
Sang-Eun Lee, Jae-Yeong Kim, Yun-Ah Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hye-Jin Ahn, Heung-Myong Woo, Won-Ja Lee, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2010; 48(3): 267. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(4): 413. CrossRef

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Cross-reactivity between sera from dogs experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis and crude extract of Toxocara canis: Kun-Ho Song, Mineo Hayasaki, Kyu-Woan Cho, Sang-Eun Lee, Duck-Hwan Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2002;40(4):195-198.
Published online December 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2002.40.4.195

Abstract
PDF

This study was performed to investigate whethere there is cross-reactivity between Dirofilaria immitis and three intestinal nematodes of dogs. In ELISA, D. immitis-infected dog sera obtained at the 4th molting stage (9-11 weeks) and microfilaremic stage (25-30 weeks) were shown to be highly reactive with crude extract of T. canis. In immunoblotting, some antigenic fractions, 44, 57, 88, 100 kDa of crude extract of T. canis, were found to be positive reaction with sera of dogs infected with D. immitis. However, little or no cross-reaction were observed between sera of D. immitis-infected dogs and crude extract antigen of T. vulpis or A. caninum. These result suggest that there are partial cross reaction between sera of D. immitis-infected dogs and the antigen of T. canis.

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