Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"prevalence"

Original Article

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in alpacas: A preliminary 1-year longitudinal study on a farm in Jeju, Korea: Seung-Ho Ryu, Eliot Forbes, Heon Woo Lee, Emmnuel Opara, Seongjun Choe; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(4):293-302.
Published online November 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25042

Alpacas (Vicugna pacos), native to South America, were recently introduced to Korea, primarily for tourism-related activities. However, information on their parasitic infections in alpacas within the region are limited. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in an alpaca herd on a single farm in Korea and to assess the potential risks for reinfection and interspecies transmission. Between June 2022 and June 2023 (excluding December 2022 and January 2023), fecal samples were collected monthly from a herd of 61 alpacas housed on a farm on Jeju Island, Korea. Coprological examination of 406 samples was performed using a modified McMaster technique, and parasites were identified morphologically. Six gastrointestinal parasite taxa were identified: strongyles, Trichuris sp., capillarids, Moniezia sp., Eimeria lamae, and Eimeria macusaniensis. The overall gastrointestinal parasite prevalence was 11.3%, with strongyles and Trichuris sp. most frequently identified. No seasonal trends were observed, and mixed infections were present in five animals. The prevalence was markedly lower compared with reports from Japan, Poland, and Australia, reflecting the restricted pasture access implemented by Korea’s alpaca management systems, which are primarily tourism-oriented. Neither Nematodirus spp. nor zoonotic parasites were detected. This is the first longitudinal investigation of gastrointestinal parasites in alpacas in Korea. Although the overall prevalence was low, environmental contamination and the risk of reinfection are ongoing concerns. These findings highlight the need for routine surveillance, targeted parasite control, and consistent veterinary oversight, particularly as alpaca populations expand in Korea.

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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pet dogs in Hunan Province, subtropical China: Xing-Xing Wen, Zhuying Liu, Ping-Yuan Xu; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(3):248-253.
Published online August 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25030

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii infections are ubiquitous in both animals and humans. Although seroprevalence data exist for pet dogs across multiple Chinese provinces, limited epidemiological information is available for T. gondii infection in pet dogs in subtropical China’s Hunan Province. We examined T. gondii antibodies in pet dogs from Hunan Province using the indirect hemagglutination test. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with T. gondii infection (season, sex, age, breed, and location). The overall seroprevalence was 10.8% (95% confidence interval (CI)=9.0–12.6) (118/1,092), with regional variations ranging from 8.0% (95% CI=4.2–11.8) to 21.1% (95% CI=8.1–34.0). Antibody titers followed a descending distribution: 42.3% (1:64), 30.5% (1:128), 20.3% (1:256), 5.1% (1:512), and 1.7% (1:1,024). The multivariate analysis identified the season (highest in summer: odds ratio=2.0, 95% CI=1.2–3.4) and age (>3 years: odds ratio=2.8, 95% CI=1.5–5.3) as factors independently associated with the outcome (P<0.05). These finding revealed the high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in pet dogs in Hunan Province, subtropical China, highlighting the risk of zoonotic transmission. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control toxoplasmosis in pet dogs in this province.

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Prevalence of parasitic infections in stray cats from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea: Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Chung-Won Lee, Jae-Young Park, Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(2):182-187.
Published online May 26, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24061

Stray cats serve as reservoir hosts for various zoonotic parasites, posing a significant risk of transmission to humans. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of parasitic infections in stray cats from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. A total of 101 fecal and 237 blood (serum) samples were collected from 237 stray cats captured through the trapneuter-return program in 2021. The samples were analyzed using microscopy, nested-PCR, and ELISA to detect parasitic infections. Fecal examination revealed that Toxocara cati eggs were present in 26.7% (27/101) of samples, while eggs of Spirometra sp. (2%), Clonorchis sinensis (1%), and Trichuris sp. (1%) were also detected. PCR analysis identified Toxoplasma gondii DNA in 17 (16.8%) fecal samples, while genetic markers of Cryptosporidium felis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were each detected in 4 (4%) samples. Positive rates of IgM and IgG were 21.9% (52/237) and 21.1% (50/237) in serological tests for T. gondii-specific antibodies. This study confirms the widespread presence of zoonotic parasites in stray cats from Gimpo-si, highlighting the potential public health risks associated with these infections. Continuous surveillance and control measures are essential from a One Health perspective to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission.

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Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in wild oysters and seawater on the southeast coast of South Korea
Hyejoo Shin, Sooji Hong, Seungwan Ryoo, Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Food Microbiology.2026; 134: 104925. CrossRef

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Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in high- and low-transmission areas of Tanzania: The role of asymptomatic carriers in malaria persistence and the need for targeted surveillance and control efforts: Ernest Mazigo, Hojong Jun, Wang-Jong Lee, Johnsy Mary Louis, Fadhila Fitriana, Jadidan Hada Syahada, Fauzi Muh, Feng Lu, Md Atique Ahmed, Seok Ho Cha, Wanjoo Chun, Won Sun Park, Se Jin Lee, Sunghun Na, Joon-Hee Han, Nyalali Kija, Smart Geodfrey, Eun-Teak Han, Jim Todd, Alphaxard Manjurano, Winifrida Kidima, Jin-Hee Han; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(1):57-65.
Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24077

As many countries implement different programs aimed at eliminating malaria, attention should be given to asymptomatic carriers that may interrupt the progress. This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Tanzania from December 2022 to July 2023 within 4 villages from each of the 3 regions, Geita and Kigoma, which are high malaria transmission, and Arusha, which is low transmission. Malaria was diagnosed in asymptomatic individuals aged 1 year and older using the malaria rapid diagnostic test and light microscope. A total of 2,365 of 3,489 (67.9%) participants were enrolled from high-transmission villages. The overall prevalence was 25.5% and 15.8% by malaria rapid diagnostic test and light microscope, respectively. Using the respective tools, the prevalence was significantly higher at 35.6% (confidence interval (CI)=23.6–49.9) and 23.1% (CI=16.2–35.1) in the high-transmission regions (Geita and Kigoma) compared with 2.9% (CI=1.1–3.5) and 1.1% (CI=0.7–1.8) in the low-transmission region (Arusha). Children younger than 15 years and males accounted for the greatest proportion of infections. In the study area, the prevalence of asymptomatic cases was higher than that of reported symptomatic cases in health facilities. We hypothesize that these parasite reservoirs may contribute to the persistence of malaria in the country. Therefore, to achieve comprehensive malaria control in the country, the surveillance and screening of asymptomatic malaria cases are vital.

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Hidden reservoirs of infection: prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic malaria in a high-endemic region of Zambia
Wisdom Silwamba, David Chisompola, John Nzobokela, Martin Chakulya, Lombe Kabwe, Kingsley Tembo
Malaria Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Emergence of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum and rising resistance to first-line artemisinin partner drugs in Malawi
Ernest Mazigo, Hojong Jun, Wang-Jong Lee, Johnsy Mary Louis, Jadidan Hada Syahada, Fadhila Fitriana, Fauzi Muh, Md Atique Ahmed, Feng Lu, Joon-Hee Han, Tae-Hyung Kwon, Se Jin Lee, Sunghun Na, Wanjoo Chun, Won Sun Park, Eun-Taek Han, Winifrida Kidima, Jin-
Emerging Microbes & Infections.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
First report of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions compromising HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Malawi
Johnsy Mary Louis, Ernest Mazigo, Hojong Jun, Wang-Jong Lee, Jadidan Hada Syahada, Fadhila Fitriana, Fauzi Muh, Wanjoo Chun, Won Sun Park, Se Jin Lee, Sunghun Na, Feng Lu, Eun-Teak Han, Jin-Hee Han
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Micro-geographic variation in antigenic diversity of PfEBA-175 region II in asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in Tanzania
Jadidan Hada Syahada, Wang-Jong Lee, Hojong Jun, Johnsy Mary Louis, Fadhila Fitriana, Fauzi Muh, Feng Lu, Md Atique Ahmed, Sunghun Na, Wanjoo Chun, Won Sun Park, Bo-Young Jeon, Eun-Teak Han, Jim Todd, Alphaxard Manjurano, Winifrida Kidima, Ernest Mazigo,
Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Changes in schistosomiasis prevalence after 2 years of an integrated intervention in the Itilima district of Tanzania: Humphrey Mazigo, Jungim Lee, Yoonho Cho, Seungman Cha, Yan Jin; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(1):75-86.
Published online February 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24057

Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases in Tanzania. World Vision Tanzania, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health through the National Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Programme, implemented school- and community-based mass drug administrations, community-led total sanitation, and community voice and action from 2020 to 2022. This study assessed changes in the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the Itilima district of northwestern Tanzania following the implementation of these integrated interventions. A total of 1,405 students from 22 schools participated in the baseline survey in August to September 2020, and 1,320 in September 2022. Additionally, 368 adults from 8 villages participated in the baseline survey, and 401 in the endline survey. The prevalence difference was calculated to assess changes before and after the integrated interventions. We also investigated risk factors for Schistosoma haematobium infection using endline data. The prevalence difference between 2020 and 2022 was -20.0% (95% confidence interval (CI)=-22.2%–-17.7%, p<0.001) for students and -19.6% (95% CI=-22.2%–-17.7%, p<0.001) for adults. Individuals without a latrine were more likely to have schistosomiasis (adjusted odds ratio=5.9, 95% CI=1.7–21.5, p=0.01) compared to those who had a latrine. The findings indicate substantial changes in schistosomiasis prevalence in the study area following the implementation of integrated interventions. To sustain these achievements in Itilima, a multi-sectorial approach is highly recommended to integrate additional measures for eliminating schistosomiasis as a public health problem.

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Molecular epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle in Korea: Kyoo-Tae Kim, Min-Goo Seo; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(2):210-215.
Published online May 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23016

Abstract
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Toxoplasmosis is a major public health concern, with raw or undercooked meat being the primary source of human infection. Knowledge regarding the molecular epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle destined for human consumption in Korea is lacking. The present study aimed to genetically characterize the infectious strains of T. gondii. Overall, 455 cattle blood samples from 84 farms in the Gyeongnam-do (Province) were randomly collected in 2017. Nested PCR analysis revealed that only 3 (0.7%) samples were infected with T. gondii. The B1 gene sequence of T. gondii was observed to be similar (97.3–99.6%) to that of other T. gondii isolates. This is the first study to perform the molecular detection of T. gondii in cattle in Korea. Although the prevalence of infection was low, our findings suggest that cattle present a potential public health issue. It may be crucial to recognize the importance of T. gondii infection in cattle meat.

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Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in ticks and their respective host dogs
Min-Goo Seo, Dongmi Kwak
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(1): 66. CrossRef
Prevalence and molecular characterization of intestinal parasites in shelter dogs from South Korea
You-Jeong Lee, Beoul Kim, Gyeonghyeon Lee, Yong-Myung Kang, Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
Research in Veterinary Science.2025; 188: 105620. CrossRef
Antileishmanial and Antitoxoplasmal Activities of 1,4-Dihydropyridines
Thaís A. S. Oliveira, Yan R. Robles, Ibrahim S. Al Nasr, Waleed S. Koko, Tariq A. Khan, Ismail Daoud, Seyfeddine Rahali, Noureddine Amdouni, Ridha B. Said, Antônio E. M. Crotti
ACS Omega.2025; 10(28): 31066. CrossRef
Tick-borne pathogens in Mongolian ticks: The high prevalence of Rickettsia raoultii and its public health implications
You-Jeong Lee, Beoul Kim, Dongmi Kwak, Ochirkhuu Nyamsuren, Nyamdavaa Guugandaa, Min-Goo Seo
Acta Tropica.2024; 260: 107412. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Molecular epidemiological survey of pathogenic trypanosomes in naturally infected cattle in northern Côte d’ivoire: Jean-Yves Ekra, Edouard K. N’Goran, Leonard E.G. Mboera, Biégo Guillaume Gragnon, Koco Rita Nadège Assovié, Eliakunda Michael Mafie; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(2):127-137.
Published online May 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22170

Bovine trypanosomiasis is a significant health concern for livestock intensification in Côte d’Ivoire. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of pathogenic trypanosomes and identify the most infected cattle breed in northern Côte d'Ivoire. We examined 700 cattle and found that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was more sensitive (12.3%) than microscopic observation (5.6%). Among the trypanosome species detected in naturally infected cattle, Trypanosoma vivax was 7.3%, Trypanosoma simiae tsavo was 6.7%, and Trypanosoma congolense was 0.4%. The overall prevalence of trypanosome infection in all cattle breeds was 12.3%, while the prevalence in individual breeds was 14.8%, 7.3%, 10.6%, and 12.3% for N’Dama, Baoule, Zebu, and Mere breed, respectively. The infected animals had low packed cell volume, influencing the prevalence. Our findings indicate that bovine trypanosomes are prevalent in Côte d’Ivoire, and their prevalence varies by region and breed. These pathogens include T. vivax, T. simiae tsavo, and T. congolense.

Citations

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Prediction of the molecular action of Trypanosoma vivax on bovine reproductive parameters and risk factors associated with trypanosomiasis in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Amanda Cristielly Nunes De Lima, Joely Ferreira Figueiredo Bittar, Otaviano de Souza Pires Neto, Eliane Macedo Sobrinho Santos, Priscilla Elias Ferreira da Silva, Hércules Otacílio Santos, Cintya Neves de Souza, Franciane Gabrielle dos Santos, Anna Christ
Veterinary World.2025; : 837. CrossRef
Genetic Diversity of Trypanosomes Infesting Cattle from Savannah District in North of Côte d’Ivoire Using Conserved Genomic Signatures: rRNA, ITS1 and gGAPDH
Jean-Yves Ekra, Eliakunda Michael Mafie, Edouard K. N’Goran, Dramane Kaba, Biégo Guillaume Gragnon, Jagan Srinivasan
Pathogens.2024; 13(3): 262. CrossRef
Trypanocide Use and Molecular Characterization of Trypanosomes Resistant to Diminazene Aceturate in Cattle in Northern Côte D’Ivoire
Jean-Yves Ekra, Eliakunda Michael Mafie, Henri Sonan, Michael Kanh, Biégo Guillaume Gragnon, Edouard K. N’Goran, Jagan Srinivasan
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2024; 9(9): 192. CrossRef

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Prevalence of head louse infestation among primary schoolchildren in the Republic of Korea: nationwide observation of trends in 2011-2019: Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Hyejoo Shin, Jae Young Park, Jeonggyu Lee, Eun-Hee Nah, Eun Hee Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jong-Yil Chai; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(1):53-59.
Published online February 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22134

Abstract
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Head louse infestation is a significant public health problem across the world, particularly among preschool and primary schoolchildren. This study investigated the trends of head louse infestation in the Republic of Korea over a 9-year period (2011-2019), targeting primary schoolchildren in 3 areas of Seoul, 4 other large cities, and 9 provinces. A survey was administered annually by the health staff of each regional office (n= 16) of the Korea Association of Health Promotion (KAHP). The branch offices of KAHP examined a total of 51,508 primary schoolchildren, comprising 26,532 boys and 24,976 girls. Over the 9-year survey, a total of 1,107 (2.1%) schoolchildren tested positive for adults and/or nits of Pediculus humanus capitis. The prevalence was 2.8% (133/4,727) in 2011-2012 and gradually decreased to 0.8% (49/6,461) in 2019 (P< 0.05). Head lice were found more frequently in girls (3.0%; 746/24,976) than in boys (1.4%; 361/26,532) (P< 0.05). In terms of geographic localities, the highest infestation rate, 4.7% (average prevalence over 9 years), was observed in southern Seoul (Gangnam branch of KAHP), whereas the lowest infestation rate, 0.7%, was seen in Gyeongsang (north and south provinces) and western Seoul. Although the prevalence decreased significantly during the 9-year period, head louse infestation remains a health and hygiene issue among primary schoolchildren in the Republic of Korea. Regular surveys along with health education are needed to further improve children’s hair hygiene.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Head Lice Among Schoolchildren in Kirkuk
Fatema W. Abdul Aziz
Academia Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A case of co-infection with head lice and varicella in a child: considerations for rational management
O.V. Shvaratska, V.V. Mavrutenkov, T.V. Svyatenko, O.M. Yakunina
CHILD`S HEALTH.2024; 19(1): 30. CrossRef
Prevalence and associated factors of head lice infestation among primary school children in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis
Amare Mebrat Delie, Mihret Melese, Liknaw Workie Limenh, Dereje Esubalew, Nigus Kassie Worku, Eneyew Talie Fenta, Mickiale Hailu, Alemwork Abie, Molla Getie Mehari, Tenagnework Eseyneh Dagnaw
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiology of pediculosis in the school-going children of district Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
Saima Naz, Maria Rebecca, Ahmad Kamran Khan, Irfan Ahmed
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science.2023; 43(5): 1811. CrossRef
Head lice infestation and the role of some cognitive‐behavioral factors in its spread and prevention among adolescent girls: A cross‐sectional study in Northwest Iran
Towhid Babazadeh, Khalil Maleki Chollou, Sanaz Abedi‐Nerbin, Salar Abedi‐Nerbin, Farzaneh Shahnavaz‐Yoshanluie, Soheila Ranjbaran
Health Science Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Blastocystis in Korean Dogs: Sangsu Suh, Haeseung Lee, Min-Goo Seo, Kyoo-Tae Kim, Kyung-Yeon Eo, Young-Sam Kwon, Sang-Joon Park, Oh-Deog Kwon, Tae-Hwan Kim, Dongmi Kwak; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(4):289-293.
Published online August 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.4.289

Abstract
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Blastocystis is a genus of unicellular heterokont parasites belonging to a group of organisms known as Stramenopiles, which includes algae, diatoms, and water molds. Blastocystis includes several species that habitat in the gastrointestinal tracts of organisms as diverse as humans, farm animals, birds, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and cockroaches. It is important to public health and distributed globally, but its prevalence in dogs in Korea has not been reported to date. Here, we collected 787 canine fecal samples and assessed Blastocystis infection by age, sex, region, season, and diarrhea symptoms. We determined Blastocystis subtypes using phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA gene sequences. We identified, 10 Blastocystis positive samples (1.3%). A higher proportion of infected dogs was asymptomatic; however, infection rates did not significantly differ according to region, age, sex, and season. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Blastocystis sp. identified belonged to 4 subtypes (STs), ST1, ST5, ST10, and ST14, thus revealed the genetic diversity of Blastocystis sp. in dogs Korean. This is first report on the presence of Blastocystis sp. in dogs Korean. This study revealed a lower infection rate than expected and differed from previous studies in STs. Further studies are warranted to observe the national infection status of Blastocystis in dogs and the genetic characteristics of this genus.

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Prevalence and molecular characterization of intestinal parasites in shelter dogs from South Korea
You-Jeong Lee, Beoul Kim, Gyeonghyeon Lee, Yong-Myung Kang, Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
Research in Veterinary Science.2025; 188: 105620. CrossRef
High prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in farmed sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Northern China
Zhen-Qiu Gao, Yang Gao, Hong-Di Zhuang, Guang-Rong Bao, Jing Liu, Jian-Ming Li, Nian-Yu Xue, Hong-Wei Cao, Shuo Liu
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular analysis of Rickettsia spp. and related tick-borne pathogens detected in dogs in Korea
Kyoo-Tae Kim, Min-Goo Seo
Acta Tropica.2023; 243: 106934. CrossRef
First identification of Blastocystis sp. subtypes in Rex rabbits in China
Miaomiao Zhang, Junchen Zhang, Jingjing Sun, Shuying Zhu, Huiyan Xu, Xiaoying Li, Longxain Zhang, Junqiang Li
Parasitology Research.2023; 122(5): 1079. CrossRef

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Distribution of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection in Domestic Pigs in the Republic of Korea: Nationwide Survey from 2020-2021: Subin Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Dongmi Kwak, Sang-Myeong Lee, Wan-Kyu Lee, Jae-Won Byun, Seung-Hun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):207-211.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.207

This study aimed to examine the distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in domestic pigs in the Republic of Korea. From May 2020 to October 2021, 364 pig fecal samples were collected from 75 farms in 7 Provinces and microscopically examined. A total of 170 (46.7%) pigs were infected with at least one of the following parasites: Balantioides coli, strongyles, Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, and coccidia. By parasite species, B. coli, strongyles, A. suum, T. suis, and coccidia oocysts or eggs were detected in 144 (39.6%), 24 (6.6%), 14 (3.8%), 4 (1.1%), and 1 (0.3%) samples, respectively. One hundred fifty-four, 15, and 1 cases showed single, double, and triple infections, respectively. Of the swine fecal samples from 75 farms, 69 specimens (92.0%) were infected with 1 or more parasites. All surveyed farms across the country exhibited a positive rate of over 30%, among which the highest positive rate was 65.0% in Chungcheongnam-do, and Jeollabuk-do was followed by 61.9%. Winter showed a statistically lower prevalence than other seasons. This study showed that gastrointestinal parasites are prevalent in pigs in Korea, although the diversity of parasites is low.

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Molecular identification and diversity of gastrointestinal apicomplexan protozoa in pigs in the Republic of Korea
Subin Lee, Sang-Hyup Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Kyung-Duk Min, Dong Hyeon Kwon, Mi-Hye Hwang, Gyu-Tae Jeon, Bok Kyung Ku, Jae-Won Byun, Seung-Hun Lee
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Gastrointestinal parasites in pigs in Brazil: prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, and extension activities
Camila Souza Carvalho Class, Renan de Souza Ferreira, Ana Luiza Soares de Araujo, Ingrid da Silva Reis, Breno Torres da Silva, Fabiana Batalha Knackfuss, Laís Lisboa Corrêa, José Arcínio de Assis, Marcelo José Milagres de Almeida, Daniel de Castro Trindad
Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Integrative use of conventional and DNA metabarcoding methods reveals high diversity, prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs from Victoria, Australia
Ghazanfar Abbas, Yuet On Lee, Hannah Mitchell, Abdul Ghafar, Mark A. Stevenson, Charles G. Gauci, Leah G. Starick, Regina M. Fogarty, Bernie Gleeson, Dianne E. Phillips, Tao Wang, Robin B. Gasser, Abdul Jabbar
Research in Veterinary Science.2025; 196: 105902. CrossRef
Prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites on pig farms in Kalasin Province, Thailand
Sirikanda Thanasuwan, Supawadee Piratae, Keattipong Thaowandee, Chalothon Amporn
Veterinary World.2024; : 273. CrossRef
Comparative Analysis of Ascaris suum and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus Infections in Free-Ranging and Captive Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Hungary
Csaba Farkas, Alexandra Juhász, Balázs Fekete, Borisz Egri
Animals.2024; 14(6): 932. CrossRef
Parasites burden in peri-urban free-roaming pigs in Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
P Munzhelele, NPS Sibeko, JW Oguttu, CA Mbajiorgu, FO Fasina
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association.2024; 95(1): 55. CrossRef
Prevalence of intestinal parasites in humans and domestic animals in Jirel community, Dolakha, Nepal
Pitambar Dhakal, Medhavi Dhakal, Dipa Dhakal, Pramita Shakya, Barsha Singh, Rabina Gupta Kalwar, Rekha Shahi, Sophiya Pandey, Darwin Niraula, Anita Karki, Mukesh Kumar Mahato, Semsal Tamang, Basanti Chhetri, Muna Thapa, Rameshwor Parajuli, Janak Raj Subed
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2024; 13(8): 3408. CrossRef

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Original Article

Seropositivity Rates of Strongyloides stercoralis Antibody in the Southeastern Region of Republic of Korea: A Single-Center Retrospective Study: Taehwa Kim, Seungjin Lim; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):181-185.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.181

Strongyloides stercoralis infection is not endemic in the Republic of Korea (Korea) with a positivity rate of <1% in stool examination. However, there is a risk of hyperinfection in immunosuppressed individuals. It is necessary to determine the seropositivity of S. stercoralis antibodies in Korea. This study investigated the seropositivity of S. stercoralis antibodies in the southeastern area of Korea. From January 2019 to June 2021, serum samples were collected from participants who visited the study center in the southeastern region of Korea for routine health check-ups. We determined serum levels of specific anti-Strongyloides IgG antibodies in 834 samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We observed that 92 samples (11.0%) tested showed a positive response. The age of the participants was 51±10.7 years, and 43.4% of them were men. The antibody positivity rate based on the location of the participants’ residence were 12.3% (Gyoungsangnam-do), 10.2% (Busan), and 10.1% (Ulsan), respectively. Total eosinophil count was associated with positive test results (154.8±152.0 per mm³ versus 202.1±178.9 per mm³, P=0.006). Logistic regression analysis revealed that blood eosinophil count, age above 50 years, and residence in Sacheon were factors associated with the positive status of S. stercoralis antibody. Our finding suggests that it is necessary to test for S. stercoralis in actual clinical settings in Korea.

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Screening for strongyloidiasis among selected populations in Taiwan: Prevalence, associated factors, and outcomes
Sung-Hsi Huang, Yen-Lin Chen, Hao-Yu Lin, Aristine Cheng, Lih-Yu Chang, Yi-Chia Huang, Po-Hsien Kuo, Yueh-Feng Wen, Chia-Jung Liu, Chia-Hao Chang, Wei-Shun Yang, Kai-Hsiang Chen, Pin-Ru Chu, Chi-Wei Tseng, Yi-Ching Su, Li-Hsin Su, Li-Ta Keng, Chi-Ying Lin
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.2025; 66: 102866. CrossRef
A silent threat behind bars: Serosurvey and associated risk factors for strongyloidiasis in female inmates and correctional officers
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Gabriel Luís Brucinski Pinto, Isabella Braghin Ferreira, Juliano Ribeiro, Roberto Teixeira de Souza Filho, Dirce Mary Correa Meisel, Ronaldo Cesar Borges Gryschek, Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano, Rogério Giuffrida, Louise Bach
Acta Tropica.2024; 257: 107301. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Preschool Children: A 12-Year (2008-2019) Survey in Large Cities and Provinces of the Republic of Korea: Hyejoo Shin, Bong-Kwang Jung, Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Jiyeon Park, Keon Hoon Lee, Jeonggyu Lee, Jae Young Park, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Jae Hyun Cho, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(4):421-426.
Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.421

Abstract
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A 12-year nationwide survey (2008-2019) was performed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among preschool children in Seoul, 4 large cites (Busan, Incheon, Daegu, and Ulsan), and 9 provinces (grouped into 5 localities) in the Republic of Korea (=Korea). The survey was carried out once a year by 16 regional offices of the Korea Association of Health Promotion. The cello-tape perianal swab method (1 smear per child) was applied to detect eggs of E. vermicularis and other helminths. According to the results, the egg positive rate of E. vermicularis infection in 2008-2009 was 1.8-2.0%, but it decreased gradually to 0.6% in 2019 (P<0.05). The prevalence was significantly higher in boys (0.7-5.0%, mean 1.8%) than in girls (0.5-2.8%, mean 1.3%) (P<0.05). The 2 most southern localities, Jejudo (Province) and Jeolla-do (inclusive of Jeollabuk-do and Jeollanam-do) and a mid-western province, Gyeonggi-do, revealed higher prevalences, whereas Seoul and Gangwon-do showed lower prevalences. The results indicate that a low-grade prevalence of E. vermicularis infection (less than 4%) has been maintained for the recent 12 years among preschool children in Korea. Continuous monitoring of enterobiasis in the child age group is necessary in Korea.

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Parasitoses intestinales infantiles
P. Bourée
EMC - Traité de médecine AKOS.2025; 28(3): 1. CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among rural schoolchildren in Zhejiang Province: a cross-sectional study
Jialie Jin, Wei Ruan, Wenjie Xu, Xuan Zhang, Kegen Yu, Hualiang Chen, Jiaqi Zhang, Jimin Sun, Jianmin Jiang, Xiaoxiao Wang
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Alexander K.C. Leung, Joseph M. Lam, Benjamin Barankin, Alex H.C. Wong, Kin F. Leong, Kam L. Hon
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P. Bourée
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2023년 국내 장내기생충 감염 조사
명노 이, 정원 주, 선옥 백, 영주 이, 은솔 이, 희일 이
Public Health Weekly Report.2024; 17(28): 1227. CrossRef
Association Between Anthropometric and Hematological Parameters and the Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasitosis in Low-Income Children
Bruno Freire, Alessandra Marques Sohn, Ricardo Rojas-Humpire, Salomon Huancahuire-Vega
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Positive rates for Enterobius vermicularis eggs among preschool children in Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea (2017-2021)
Myoung-Ro Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Seon-Ok Back, Young-Ju Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Chun Soon Park, Hee-Il Lee
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 84. CrossRef

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Original Article

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii assayed using Rapid Diagnostic Tests among Residents in Three Counties Adjacent to The Demilitarized Zone, Korea: Jeehi Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Yoon Kyung Chang, Seong Kyu Ahn, Seo Hye Park, Sung-Jong Hong, Jihoo Lee, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Tong-Soo Kim, Dongjae Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(1):9-14.
Published online February 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.9

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence have been rapidly increasing in some parts of Korea. We analyzed prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), in the sera of 552 residents in Ganghwa-gun, 661 ones in Cheorwon-gun, and 305 ones in Goseong-gun, Korea in 2019. IgG/IgM RDT mounted with recombinant fragment of major surface antigen (SAG1), glutathione-S-transferase-linker-SAG1A, were applied to the sera. IgG seroprevalence was 28.1% in Ganghwa-gun, 19.5% in Cheorwon-gun and 35.7% in Goseong-gun. Odds ratios comparing Cheorwon vs Ganghwa was 0.63 (P=0.001) and Goesong versus Ganghwa was 1.47 (P=0.01) adjusting age and sex. Goseong had highest seroprevalence among the 3 counties both in crude rates and logistic regression. Although Cheorwon and Goseong are adjacent to the demilitarized zone (DMZ) in Korea, seroprevalence rate was much higher in Goseong. Further investigation on other DMZ-closed areas is necessary whether they have high prevalence rates compared to the other areas. T. gondii prevalence in Korea is still persists; proper health policy should be established.

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Molecular survey of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene in pigs from various localities in Korea
Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(3): 294. CrossRef

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2 Web of Science
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Brief Communication

Prevalence and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia lamblia in Cattle in Jiangxi Province, China: Novel Assemblage E Subtypes Identified: Sen Li, Yang Zou, Xue-Liang Zhang, Ping Wang, Xiao-Qing Chen, Xing-Quan Zhu; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(6):681-687.
Published online December 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.681

Giardia lamblia is a common enteric pathogen associated with diarrheal diseases. There are some reports of G. lamblia infection among different breeds of cattle in recent years worldwide. However, it is yet to know whether cattle in Jiangxi province, southeastern China is infected with G. lamblia. The
objective
s of the present study were to investigate the prevalence and examine the multilocus genotypes of G. lamblia in cattle in Jiangxi province. A total of 556 fecal samples were collected from 3 cattle breeds (dairy cattle, beef cattle, and buffalo) in Jiangxi province, and the prevalence and genotypes of G. lamblia were determined by the nested PCR amplification of the beta-giardin (bg) gene. A total of 52 samples (9.2%) were positive for G. lamblia. The highest prevalence of G. lamblia was detected in dairy cattle (20.0%), followed by that in beef cattle (6.4%), and meat buffalo (0.9%). Multilocus sequence typing of G. lamblia was performed based on sequences of the bg, triose phosphate isomerase and glutamate dehydrogenase loci, and 22, 42, and 52 samples were amplifiable, respectively, forming 15 MLGs. Moreover, one mixed G. lamblia infection (assemblages A and E) was found in the present study. Altogether, 6 novel assemblage E subtypes (E41*-E46*) were identified for the first time. These results not only provided baseline data for the control of G. lamblia infection in cattle in this southeastern province of China, but also enriched the molecular epidemiological data and genetic diversity of G. lamblia in cattle.

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Fan Yang, Wenjie Cheng, Jianfa Yang, Junjun He, Liujia Li, Fengcai Zou, Fanfan Shu
Veterinary Sciences.2025; 12(6): 552. CrossRef
An Epidemiology Study on Distribution of Giardia lamblia in Incheon City
Su Jin Park, Ju Hee Kim, Hyeon-Jeong Go, Nam Yee Kim, Sung Suck Oh, Young Woo Gong, MunJu Kwon, Jeong-An Gim, Soo-Son Lim
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Qile Yu, Sining Chen, Xichen Zhang, Qi Zhao, Mengfei Xu, Jianhua Li, Pengtao Gong, Xiaocen Wang, Xin Li, Xu Zhang, Nan Zhang, Xiangrui Li
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Peixi Qin, Zhuolin Tao, Kaizhi Shi, Jiaxian Zhao, Bingyan Huang, Hui Liu, Chunqun Wang, Jigang Yin, Guan Zhu, Simone M. Cacciò, Min Hu
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Li Zhao, Yan Wang, Mingyuan Wang, Shan Zhang, Lifeng Wang, Zhansheng Zhang, Hailiang Chai, Chao Yi, Wenjun Fan, Yonghong Liu
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Li Zhao, Zhan-Sheng Zhang, Wen-Xiong Han, Bo Yang, Hai-Liang Chai, Ming-Yuan Wang, Yan Wang, Shan Zhang, Wei-Hong Zhao, Yi-Min Ma, Yong-Jie Zhan, Li-Feng Wang, Yu-Lin Ding, Jin-Ling Wang, Yong-Hong Liu
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Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in Cattle in China
Xiang-Zhu Meng, Chao Kang, Jiaqi Wei, He Ma, Gang Liu, Jin-Ping Zhao, Hong-Shun Zhang, Xin-Bo Yang, Xiang-Yu Wang, Li-Hua Yang, Hong-Li Geng, Hongwei Cao
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2023; 20(1): 17. CrossRef
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Qianming Zhao, Chenyang Lu, Zhiyang Pei, Pihong Gong, Junqiang Li, Fuchun Jian, Bo Jing, Meng Qi, Changshen Ning
Parasite.2023; 30: 2. CrossRef
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Diarrheic and Non-Diarrheic Calves from Ningxia, Northwestern China
Haihui Gao, Gaoxing Liang, Na Su, Qirui Li, Dong Wang, Jiandong Wang, Long Zhao, Xiaodong Kang, Kangkang Guo
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Original Articles

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Stray Dogs from Various Locations in West and East Malaysia: Malaika Watanabe, Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq, Nazrul Iqbal Abdul Mulop, Konto Mohammed, Puteri Azaziah Megat Rani, Lau Seng Fong, Nor Azlina Aziz, Juriah Kamaludeen, Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon, Rozaihan Mansor, Tan Li Ping, Sharifah Salmah Syed-Hussain; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):487-492.
Published online October 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.487

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasmosis is caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite; Toxoplasma gondii, which is one of the most important zoonotic parasite worldwide. In dogs, the sexual reproductive cycle of T. gondii is lacking, and the animals are not widely consumed as food, but they are vital in the mechanical transmission of the parasite. However, there is no present data on the exposure of stray dogs to T. gondii in Malaysia. The
objective
of this serological survey was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies (IgG) and associated factors in stray dogs in East and West Malaysia. Antibodies to T. gondii were determined in serum samples from 222 stray dogs from 6 different states in East and West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia) using an Indirect ELISA. The seroprevalence for T. gondii was 23.4% (Confidence interval: CI 17.8-29.2%). Stray dogs from Selangor and Kuala Lumpur had the highest seroprevalence (32.4%; CI 13.2-45.5%) and lowest in those from Penang and Kedah (12.5%; CI 1.3-23.5%). Gender and breed were not associated with T. gondii seropositivity. However, adult dogs were more likely to be seropositive for T. gondii (OR=2.89; CI 1.1-7.7) compared with younger dogs. These results revealed that T. gondii is prevalent in stray dogs in the studied areas in Malaysia, and indicative of the level of environmental contamination of this parasite especially in urban areas.

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Thanh Trung Nguyen, Thi Ngan Mai, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger, Hu Suk Lee
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A 20-year serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in dogs with neuromuscular disorders from urban areas in Argentina
María Laura Gos, María Cecilia Venturini, Lorena De Felice, Andrea Dellarupe, Magdalena Rambeaud, Lais Pardini, Lucía María Campero, Mariana Bernstein, Diana Bacigalupe, Walter Basso, Gastón Moré, Juan Manuel Unzaga
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Seroprevalence and Factors Associated with Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Besnoitia besnoiti Infections in Cattle and Goats in Selangor, Malaysia
Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq, Azim Salahuddin Muhamad, Siti Aisyah Hamdan, Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon, Zunita Zakaria, Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz, Rozaihan Mansor, Siti Suri Arshad, Nurulhidayah Khalid, Norhamizah Abdul Hamid, Juriah Kamaludeen, Sharifah Salmah Syed-H
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Public perspectives on strays and companion animal management in Malaysia
Syafiq Munir Ismail Munir, Mohd Istajib Mokhtar, Ahmad Firdhaus Arham
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Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum Antibodies in Dogs and Cats from Egypt and Risk Factor Analysis
Dina B. Salama, Ragab M. Fereig, Hanan H. Abdelbaky, Moshera S. Shahat, Waleed M. Arafa, Shawky M. Aboelhadid, Adel E.A. Mohamed, Samy Metwally, Osama Abas, Xun Suo, Nishith Gupta, Caroline F. Frey
Pathogens.2022; 11(12): 1464. CrossRef
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Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq, Norhamizah Abdul Hamid, Ummu Khalisah Yusri, Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon, Rozaihan Mansor, Syahirah Ahmad Affandi, Malaika Watanabe, Juriah Kamaludeen, Sharifah Salmah Syed-Hussain
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Henrique Momo Ziemniczak, Maerle Oliveira Maia, Maiara Oliveira Maia, Elvino Ferreira, Nayche Tortato Vieira , Klaus Casaro Saturnino, Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani, Ana Amélia Domingues Gomes , Richard de Campos Pacheco, Thaís Rabelo Santos-Do
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9 Web of Science
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Comparison of the Change in the Prevalence and Intensity of Schistosoma haematobium Infection Between High and Low Prevalence Areas of White Nile State, Sudan: Seungman Cha, Sung-Tae Hong, Jin-Su Lee, Hoo Gn Jeong, In-Sun Kwon, Abd Al Wahab Saed, Mousab Siddig Elhag, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Mutamad Amin, Young-Ha Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(4):421-430.
Published online August 25, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.421

Abstract
PDF

This study aimed to investigate whether mass drug administration (MDA) intervention has an equivalent effect on reducing the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection regardless of the baseline values. A repeated cross-sectional survey was performed targeting students of 12 primary schools in Al Jabalain and El Salam districts of White Nile State, Sudan, at both 1 week before and 8 months after the MDA. Prior to the baseline survey, school-aged children in Al Jabalain had received MDA interventions twice in 4 years, while those in El Salam had not. The baseline prevalence was 9.1% in Al Jabalain and 35.2% in El Salam, which were reduced to 1.8% and 5.5% at 8 months after the MDA, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 80.3% and 84.4%, not significant difference between both districts. However, changes in the geometric mean intensity (GMI) of egg counts were significantly different between both districts. The baseline GMIs were 14.5 eggs per 10 ml of urine (EP10) in Al Jabalain and 18.5 EP10 in El Salam, which were reduced to 7.1 and 11.2 EP10 after treatment, respectively. The corresponding reduction rates were 51.0% and 39.5%. In conclusion, MDA interventions were found to bring about similar relative reduction in prevalence regardless of the baseline value; however, the relative reduction in infection intensity was more salient in the district with a low baseline value for both prevalence and intensity. This clearly points to the importance of repeated MDA interventions in endemic areas, which will eventually contribute to schistosomiasis elimination.

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Yousef Alsaafin, Ayman Omer, Osama Felemban, Sarra Modawi, Maydolin Ibrahim, Abdullah Mohammed, Ammar Elfaki, Ahmed Abushara, Maryam A SalahEldin
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Programmatic Implications for Schistosomiasis Elimination Based on Community-Based Survey in the Blue Nile, North Kordofan, and Sennar States, Sudan
Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Seungman Cha, Yan Jin, Sung-Tae Hong
Life.2023; 13(4): 1049. CrossRef
Implications for selecting persistent hot spots of schistosomiasis from community- and school-based surveys in Blue Nile, North Kordofan, and Sennar States, Sudan
Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Seungman Cha, Yan Jin, Sung-Tae Hong
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(2): 216. CrossRef
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Abdurrahman Ekici, Esra Gürbüz, Ahmet Hakan Ünlü, Rahmi Yıldız, Selahattin Aydemir, Ahmed Galip Halidi, Nuriz Ödemiş, Sinan Karakuş, Şehriban Yürektürk, Mutalip Çiçek, Hasan Yılmaz
Turkish Journal of Parasitology.2022; 46(2): 108. CrossRef
Transmission Dynamics of Schistosoma haematobium among School-Aged Children: A Cohort Study on Prevalence, Reinfection and Incidence after Mass Drug Administration in the White Nile State of Sudan
Yan Jin, Young-Ha Lee, Seungman Cha, In-Uk Choi, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Mousab Siddig Elhag, Sung-Tae Hong
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(21): 11537. CrossRef
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Seroprevalence of Tissue and Luminal Helminths among Patients in Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Vietnam, 2018: Nguyen Van De, Pham Ngoc Minh, Nguyen Ngoc Bich, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(4):387-392.
Published online August 25, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.387

Abstract
PDF

A serological survey was performed using ELISA to estimate the prevalence of tissue and luminal helminthic infections among hospital patients in Hanoi region, Vietnam. An overall seroprevalence of tissue and luminal helminthiases was 64.0% (95% CI 61.2-66.8) among 1,120 patients who visited Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Vietnam in 2018. The highest seroprevalence was observed against Toxocara spp. (59.0%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (46.3%), Gnathostoma spp. (25.5%), cysticercus (12.8%), Angiostrongylus cantonensis (10.5%), Fasciola spp. (11.1%), and Clonorchis sinensis (8.7%). Mono-infection by one species (11.1%) was lower than multiple infections (53.0%) (P<0.05). The seroprevalence in males (59.3%) was lower than in females (66.2%) but not statistically significant (P>0.05). Children (<15 years) revealed lower seroprevalence (34.0%) than adults (68.4%), and the age group 51-70 years revealed the highest seroprevalence (76.0%). Among the seropositive patients, eosinophilia (≥8.0%) was noted in 80.2%. The present results suggested active transmission of various tissue and luminal helminths among people in Hanoi, Vietnam.

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Seroprevalence and B1 gene Phylogeny of Toxoplasma gondii of Dogs and Cats in Republic of Korea: Yeojin Park, Jinhyeong Noh, Hyun-Ji Seo, Keun-Ho Kim, Subin Min, Mi-Sun Yoo, Bo-Ram Yun, Jong-Ho Kim, Eun-Jin Choi, Doo-Sung Cheon, Sung-Jong Hong, Soon-Seek Yoon, Yun Sang Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(3):257-265.
Published online June 26, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.257

Abstract
PDF

The outbreak of human toxoplasmosis can be attributed to ingestion of food contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis recently increased in domestic and stray dogs and cats. It prompted studies on the zoonotic infectious diseases transmitted via these animals. Sero- and antigen prevalences of T. gondii in dogs and cats were surveyed using ELISA and PCR, and B1 gene phylogeny was analyzed in this study. Toxoplasmosis antibodies were measured on sera of 403 stray cats, 947 stray dogs, 909 domestic cats, and 2,412 domestic dogs collected at nationwide regions, Korea from 2017 to 2019. In addition, whole blood, feces, and tissue samples were also collected from stray cats (1,392), stray dogs (686), domestic cats (3,040), and domestic dogs (1,974), and T. gondii-specific B1 gene PCR was performed. Antibody prevalence of stray cats, stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs were 14.1%, 5.6%, 2.3%, and 0.04%, respectively. Antigen prevalence of these animals was 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.4%, respectively. Stray cats revealed the highest infection rate of toxoplasmosis, followed by stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs. B1 gene positives were 5 of stray cats, and identified to high/moderate pathogenic Type I/III group. These findings enforce that preventive hygienic measure should be strengthened at One Health level in dogs and cats, domestic and stray, to minimize human toxoplasmosis infections.

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Min-Goo Seo, Dongmi Kwak
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Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Chung-Won Lee, Jae-Young Park, Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
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Fernando Henrique Antunes Murata, Jessica Priscilla Barboza, Fernanda Follis Tasso, Tainara Souza Pinho, Tiago Henrique, Janine Fusco Alves, Carlos Alexandre Guimarães de Souza, Daniel Abrahão, Ubirajara Leoncy de Lavor, Luiz Carlos de Mattos, Chunlei Su,
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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Measured by Western Blot, ELISA and DNA Analysis, by PCR, in Cats of Western Mexico
María de la Luz Galván-Ramírez, Claudia Charles-Niño, César Pedroza-Roldán, Carolina Salazar-Reveles, Karen Lissete Ocampo-Figueroa, Laura Roció Rodríguez-Pérez, Varinia Margarita Paez-Magallán
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in outdoor dogs and cats in Bangkok, Thailand
Ana Huertas-López, Woraporn Sukhumavasi, Gema Álvarez-García, Silvia Martínez-Subiela, David Cano-Terriza, Sonia Almería, Jitender P. Dubey, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, José Joaquín Cerón, Carlos Martínez-Carrasco
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Genetic Analysis of Zoonotic Gastrointestinal Protozoa and Microsporidia in Shelter Cats in South Korea
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Pathogens.2020; 9(11): 894. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Effect of Mass Drug Administration with a Single Dose of Albendazole on Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura Infection among Schoolchildren in Yangon Region, Myanmar: Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Seon Cho, Jong-Bok Park, In-Sung Kim, Sunkyoung Kim, Keon-Hoon Lee, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):195-200.
Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.195

Abstract
PDF

Soil-transmitted helminths, including Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura, are important intestinal parasites mostly affecting younger people in developing countries. In 2014-2015, we performed mass fecal examinations targeting a total of 2,227 schoolchildren in 3 districts (South Dagon, North Dagon, and Hlaing-thar-yar) of Yangon Region, Myanmar, using the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The egg positive children were subjected to a mass drug administration (MDA) using a single oral dose of 400 mg albendazole. The pre-treatment egg positive rate (EPG/person) of A. lumbricoides averaged 17.2% (15,532); it was 25.2% (21,796), 14.2% (11,816), and 12.8% (12,983) in 3 districts, respectively, and that of T. trichiura averaged 19.4% (1,074), and was 24.1% (1,040), 12.3% (852), and 21.2% (1,330) in 3 districts, respectively. Follow-up fecal examinations performed 4 months post-MDA revealed considerable decreases of A. lumbricoides prevalence (EPG/person) to av. 8.3% (12,429), and 13.7% (17,640), 8.0% (7,797), and 4.5% (11,849) in 3 districts, respectively. However, T. trichiura did not show any recognizable decrease in the prevalence (EPG/person) remaining at av. 18.2% (862), and 18.5% (888), 11.5% (812), and 23.3% (887) in 3 districts, respectively. The results demonstrated difficulty in short-term control of T. trichiura by MDA using albendazole and suggested necessity of either a long-term MDA (>10 years) or changing the albendazole regimen into 2~3-day course (total 800 or 1,200 mg), or using an alternative drug/drug combination.

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Standard- and large-sized eggs of Trichuris trichiura in the feces of schoolchildren in the Yangon Region, Myanmar: Morphological and molecular analyses
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 701. CrossRef

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Prevalence and Subtypes of Blastocystis in Alpacas, Vicugna pacos in Shanxi Province, China: Ye-Ting Ma, Qing Liu, Shi-Chen Xie, Xiao-Dong Li, Yuan-Yuan Ma, Tao-Shan Li, Wen-Wei Gao, Xing-Quan Zhu; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):181-184.
Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.181

Abstract
PDF

Blastocystis, an enteric protist, has been reported to be an important cause of protozoal gastrointestinal manifestations in humans and animals worldwide. Animals harboring certain Blastocystis subtypes (STs) may serve as a potential source of human infection. However, information about the prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis in alpacas is limited. In the present study, a total of 366 fecal samples from alpacas in Shanxi Province, northern China, were examined for Blastocystis by PCR amplification of the small subunit rRNA gene, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The prevalence of Blastocystis in alpacas was 23.8%, and gender difference in the prevalence of Blastocystiswas observed. The most predominant Blastocystis ST was ST10, followed by ST14 and ST5. The detection of ST5, a potentially zoonotic genotype, indicates that alpacas harboring ST5 could be a potential source of human infection with Blastocystis. These data provide new insight into the prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis in alpacas.

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Animals.2023; 13(18): 2929. CrossRef
Blastocystis in domesticated and wild mammals and birds
Josephine S.Y. Hublin, Jenny G. Maloney, Monica Santin
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Original Articles

Comprehensive Account on Prevalence and Characteristics of Hydatid Cysts in Livestock from Pakistan: Naunain Mehmood, Muhammad Arshad, Haroon Ahmed, Sami Simsek, Hira Muqaddas; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):121-127.
Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.121

Abstract
PDF

Pakistan is at intersection of hyperendemic regions for hydatidosis. Current study aimed to determine the prevalence of hydatid cysts and cyst characteristics in different intermediate hosts (sheep, goats, cattle and buffaloes) across the 4 provinces of Pakistan. A total of 991 sheep, 1,478 goats, 1,602 cattle and 1,343 buffaloes were examined for presence of hydatid cysts during 2 years (January 2016-December 2018). Differences in frequency of hydatidosis were observed with highest overall prevalence in buffaloes (11.9%) and sheep (11.5%). Highest prevalence and burden of infection were observed in older age animals (23.8%, 9.78±0.49) and females (26.5%, 12.53±0.67). Data for seasonal prevalence alluded to year-round presence of disease with non-significant statistical difference. Organ predilection indicated liver as the most preferred site of cyst localization followed mainly by lungs. An over-dispersion pattern was observed in all infected animals as majority of cysts belonged <10 cysts per infected host category. Highest percentage of fertile cysts was observed in liver of sheep. Interestingly, solitary form of cysts had higher fertility rate than multiple form. Amid lack of data and wide gap of knowledge, this study would try to fill up the lacunae regarding this neglected tropical disease. Extensive rearing of livestock, unregulated official slaughter and home slaughtering have played role in adaptability of E. granulosus in Pakistan.

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Cancer on Hold, Infections on the Rise: The Unseen Pandemic Effect on Thoracic Surgery in the Developing World
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Investigating the Epidemiology and Socioecological Dynamics of Hydatid-like Cysts Within a Specific Endemic District
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Prevalence of Hydatidosis (Echinococcus granulosus) in Slaughtered Ruminants in and out of Abattoir in Duhok Area and its Correlation with Some Variables.
Rekesh S. Habib, Adnan M. Abdullah
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Amina Kheninef, Figen Celik, Lynda Aissaoui, Sami Simsek
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Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2024; 51: 101021. CrossRef
Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Fasciola gigantica Based on ITS-1 Genetic Marker and copro-epidemiological Survey from Ruminants of Pakistan
Naunain Mehmood, Shafiah Zulfiqar, Hira Muqaddas, Muhammad Hasnain, Yadong Zheng, Habtye Bisetegn, Fahad Ahmed, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Furhan Iqbal
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(4): 1866. CrossRef
Leading report regarding the molecular epidemiology of Taenia hydatigena from Pakistan and global overview of the genetic diversity and population structure of the parasite
Naunain Mehmood, Hira Muqaddas, Aqsa Ashraf, Mahnoor Aslam, Maryam Khan, Madiha Fatima, Rahman Qadir, Samir Ibenmoussa, Turki M. Dawoud, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Furhan Iqbal
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2024; 114: 102248. CrossRef
First molecular report of Moniezia expansa in small ruminants of Pakistan with epidemiological insight
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PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0314343. CrossRef
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Sadia Saleem, Haroon Ahmed, Kaleem Imdad, Jing Zhang, Jianping Cao
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Genetic structure and phylogeography of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 in Pakistan and other regions of the world based on nad5 gene
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Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2022; 98: 105223. CrossRef
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Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic variability and diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in human isolates of Pakistan based on cox1 mt-DNA sequences (366bp)
Hira Muqaddas, Naunain Mehmood, Muhammad Arshad
Acta Tropica.2020; 207: 105470. CrossRef
Comprehensive study based on mtDNA signature (nad1) providing insights on Echinococcus granulosus s.s. genotypes from Pakistan and potential role of buffalo-dog cycle
Naunain Mehmood, Hira Muqaddas, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Zafar Iqbal Khan
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2020; 81: 104271. CrossRef
Cystic Echinococcosis in Pakistan: A Review of Reported Cases, Diagnosis, and Management
Aisha Khan, Haroon Ahmed, Huma Khan, Sadia Saleem, Sami Simsek, Enrico Brunetti, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Tommaso Manciulli, Christine M. Budke
Acta Tropica.2020; 212: 105709. CrossRef

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Infections of Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Wrestling Halfbeak, Dermogenys pusilla from Bangkok Metropolitan Region in Thailand: Laddawan Patarwut, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai, Watchariya Purivirojkul; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(1):27-35.
Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.27

Abstract
PDF

This study aimed to investigate metacercarial infections in the wrestling halfbeak, Dermogenys pusilla, collected from Bangkok metropolitan region of Thailand. A total of 4,501 fish from 78 study sites were commonly examined with muscle compression and digestion methods (only head part of fish) during September 2017 to July 2018. The overall prevalence of metacercarial infection was 86.1% (3,876/4,501 individuals), and the mean intensity was 48.9 metacercariae per fish infected. Four species, i.e., Posthodiplostomum sp., Stellantchasmus falcatus, Cyathocotylidae fam. sp., and Centrocestus formosanus, of digenetic trematode metacercariae (DTM) were detected. The prevalences were 65.8%, 52.0%, 2.1%, and 1.2%, respectively and their mean intensities were 23.1, 51.6, 1.4, and 3.2 per fish infected, respectively. The seasonal prevalences were 81.0% in winter, 87.8% in summer and 87.4% in rainy, and the mean intensities were 38.9, 46.6, and 55.2 metacercariae per fish infected, respectively. Conclusively, it was confirmed that the wrestling halfbeak play the role of second intermediate hosts of 4 species of digenetic trematodes including S. falcatus and Posthodiplostomum sp. in Bangkok metropolitan region. And then the metacercariae of C. formosanus and Cyathocotylidae fam. sp. are to be first found in the wrestling halfbeak by this study.

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Systemic infection of Prohemistomum vivax and Cyanodiplostomum encysted metacercariae in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from a heavily polluted drain at Giza, Egypt: morphological, molecular and histopathological study
Alaa Eldin Eissa, Olfat A. Mahdy, Eman M. Abouelhassan, Rabia A. El Zlitne, Abdulsalam Abu Mhara, Asmaa K. Al-Mokaddem, Eman H. Rashwan, Reham H. Ragab, Nehal A. Younis
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Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined With Lateral‐Flow Dipstick for Detection of Centrocestus formosanus in Ornamental Fish
Metawee Sabaijai, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
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Shimaa Abdelkhalek, Marwa M. Attia, Marwa A. Ibrahim, Reda M. S. Korany, Mohamed Abdelsalam, Dalia A. Abdel-moneam
Aquaculture International.2024; 32(4): 5107. CrossRef
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Yue Hu, Rong-Jian Zhan, Shi-Lin Lu, Yi-Yang Zhang, Min-Yu Zhou, Hui Huang, Ding-Ding Wang, Tao Zhang, Zi-Xin Huang, Yun-Fei Zhou, Zhi-Yue Lv
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Asmaa M. I. Abuzeid, Mahmoud M. Hefni, Amal K. El-Gayar, Yue Huang, Guoqing Li
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification and prevalence investigation of cyathocotylid trematode (Trematoda: Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) in Carassius auratus in Wuhu, China
Feng Jiang, Wanyu Zhang, Yang Pan, Xudong Yu, Jiacheng Cao, Ningning Du, Mengyi Zhu, Shengli Gu, Xiaodong Zhan
Veterinary Research Communications.2023; 47(3): 1185. CrossRef
High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai, Watchariya Purivirojkul
Parasitology.2022; 149(7): 913. CrossRef
Immune pathogenesis in pigeons during experimental Prohemistomum vivax infection
Asmaa M. I. Abuzeid, Mahmoud M. Hefni, Yue Huang, Long He, Tingting Zhuang, Guoqing Li
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Cercarial trematodes in freshwater snails from Bangkok, Thailand: prevalence, morphological and molecular studies and human parasite perspective
Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Watchariya Purivirojkul
Parasitology.2021; 148(3): 366. CrossRef

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Excretion of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts from Feral Cats in Korea: Kyu-Sung Ahn, Ah-Jin Ahn, Sang-ik Park, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jae-han Shim, Sung-Shik Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):665-670.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.665

Abstract
PDF

Sporulated oocysts from the feces of infected cats with Toxoplasma gondii can cause detrimental disease in both humans and animals. To investigate the prevalence of feral cats that excrete T. gondii oocysts in the feces, we examined fecal samples of 563 feral cats over a 3-year period from 2009 to 2011. Oocysts of T. gondii excreted into the feces were found from 4 of 128 cats in 2009 (3.1%) and one of 228 (0.4%) in 2010 while none of the 207 cats in 2010 were found positive with oocysts in their feces, resulting in an overall prevalence rate of 0.89% (5/563) between 2009 and 2011. Among the 5 cats that tested positive with T. gondii oocysts, 4 of the cats were male and 1 was a female with an average body weight of 0.87 kg. Numerous tissue cysts of 60 ?m in diameter with thin (<0.5 ?m) cyst walls were found in the brain of one of the 5 cats on necropsy 2 months after the identification of oocysts in the feces. A PCR amplification of the T. gondii-like oocysts in the feces of the positive cats using the primer pairs Tox-5/Tox-8 and Hham34F/Hham3R confirmed the presence of T. gondii oocysts in the feces. This study provides a good indication of the risk assessment of feral cats in the transmission of T. gondii to humans in Korea.

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Toxoplasmosis, Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Parasitic in Domestic Cats in Al-Marj City - Libya
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Seroprevalence and B1 gene Phylogeny of Toxoplasma gondii of Dogs and Cats in Republic of Korea
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Brief Communication

Molecular Detection and Subtyping of Blastocystis in Korean Pigs: Seunghyun Paik, Byeong Yeal Jung, Haeseung Lee, Mi-Hye Hwang, Jee Eun Han, Man Hee Rhee, Tae-Hwan Kim, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(5):525-529.
Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.525

Abstract
PDF

Blastocystis is one of the most commonly detected genera of protozoan parasites in the human intestines as well as the intestines of many other species such as pigs in several geographical regions worldwide. However, no studies have examined Blastocystis in pigs in Korea. In this study, PCR and nucleotide sequencing were performed to evaluate the genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis using pig fecal samples. We obtained 646 stool samples from groups of piglets, weaners, growers, finishers, and sows in Korea. A total of 390 Blastocystis-positive samples were identified, and the infection rate was 60.4%. The infection rates were significantly related to age and region. The 4 subtypes (STs) of Blastocystis confirmed by phylogenetic analysis were ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST5, indicating the high genetic diversity of Blastocystis in Korean pigs. ST5 was highly distributed in Korean pigs among detected STs in this study. Some sequences were closely related to those of Blastocystis isolated from humans. This is the first study of Blastocystis in pigs in Korea. Based on the results, Blastocystis is prevalent in Korean pigs. Although a small number of samples were obtained in some areas, the clinical development of Blastocystis infection in pigs and potential for human transmission should be further examined.

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Jinnat Rehena, Anas Bin Harun, Md Robiul Karim
Veterinary Parasitology.2025; 334: 110382. CrossRef
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Jinnat Rehena, Anas Bin Harun, Abdullah Al Bayazid, Md. Farhan Hasan, Tania Sultana, Ainun Nahar, Joynti Saha, Mokammel Hossain Tito, Shuvo Singha, S. H. M. Faruk Siddiki, M. Nazmul Hoque, Md Robiul Karim
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Molecular Prevalence of Blastocystis sp. from Patients with Diarrhea in the Republic of Korea
Ji-Young Kwon, Jong-Hoon Choi, Hee-Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee
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Aya Masuda, Yukino Matsuda, Tetsuya Horikita, Jun Matsumoto
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Subin Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Dongmi Kwak, Sang-Myeong Lee, Wan-Kyu Lee, Jae-Won Byun, Seung-Hun Lee
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Original Article

Epidemiologic Trends and Seasonality of Scabies in South Korea, 2010-2017: Jong-Hun Kim, Hae-Kwan Cheong; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(4):399-404.
Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.399

Abstract
PDF

Scabies is a parasitic skin infection with intense itching. Scabies infection seriously impairs quality of life, while outbreaks in medical institutions cause financial losses. This study aimed to present the annual and seasonal trend of prevalence of scabies in the national population. Scabies cases were extracted from National Health Insurance Service database and its epidemiologic characteristics were assessed. To analyze the seasonality of scabies occurrence, temperature and humidity were included in the model as weather factors, and the per capita gross national income index was adjusted. The annual prevalence by age group was 0.56-0.69 per 1,000 persons until the age of 40 years and peaked at 3.0-4.1 per 1,000 persons in the age group over 80 years. The number of women diagnosed with scabies has been consistently higher compared to that of men since 2010. Mean number of cases diagnosed as scabies was lowest in spring, approximately 4,000 cases, when the average temperature was less than 5°C at 2 months prior, whereas more than 6,000 scabies cases occurred in autumn when temperatures exceeded 25°C at 2 months prior. This study presents the epidemiological characteristics and seasonality of all cases nationwide over 8 years and will help to establish control policies.

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Corrado Zengarini, Martina Mussi, Michelangelo La Placa, Alessandro Pileri, Anna Lucia Virdi, Marco Chessa, Federico Bardazzi, Carlotta Gurioli, Michela Starace, Valeria Gaspari, Cosimo Misciali, Fortunato Cassalia, Bianca Maria Piraccini, Iria Neri
Sexually Transmitted Infections.2025; 101(4): 256. CrossRef
Epidemiological characteristics of patients with scabies at a Korean university hospital: a single-center retrospective study
Hye Eun Hwang, Jae Sim Jeong, Yang Ree Kim, Ji young Lee
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2025; 27(1): 133. CrossRef
Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of scabies in Korea: Part 1. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis — a secondary publication
Jin Park, Soon-Hyo Kwon, Young Bok Lee, Hei Sung Kim, Jie Hyun Jeon, Gwang Seong Choi
The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Akeza Awealom Asgedom, Micheale Hagos Debesay, Chigozie Louisa J. Ugwu, Woldegebriel Assefa Woldegerima
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Scabies in 604 Patients: A Glimpse into the Disease Burden and Its Associated Mortality in Hong Kong
Pascoe Ao Ting Lee, Samson Sai-Yin Wong, Kenneth Ho Leung Ng
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A Survey on Scabies Inpatients in South Korea Based on Health Insurance Claims Data from 2010 to 2019
Hyung-Seon Kim, Jji-Ya Bang, Kyung-Sook Cha
Healthcare.2023; 11(6): 841. CrossRef
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of scabies
Hye Jung Jung
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(12): 701. CrossRef
The History, Domestic and International Epidemiology, and Prospects of Scabies that Need Attention
Eunjung Lee, Yae Jee Baek, Jongtak Jung, Tae Hyong Kim
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Yves-Marie Ducrot, Enzo Bruno, Jean-Marc Franco, Loïc Raffray, Samuel Beneteau, Antoine Bertolotti, Michael Marks
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(9): e0010717. CrossRef
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Marija Delaš Aždajić, Iva Bešlić, Ana Gašić, Nikola Ferara, Lovre Pedić, Liborija Lugović-Mihić
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(4): 1442. CrossRef
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Hiwot Hailu Amare, Bernt Lindtjorn, Uwem Friday Ekpo
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Previous Long-term Care Facility Admission as a Risk Factor for Scabies in a Medical Facility
Eunyoung Lee, Se Yoon Park, Eunjung Lee, Tae Hyong Kim
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Mohammadreza Goodarzi, Rabi H. Mohtar, Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani, Alireza Faraji, Faeze Mankavi, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
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8,529 View
167 Download
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Mini Review

Current Status of Parasite Infections in Indonesia: A Literature Review: Juyoung Lee, Jae-Sook Ryu; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(4):329-339.
Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.329

Abstract
PDF

Indonesia and South Korea have become inseparable in various respects since the 2 countries established diplomatic relation in 1973. Indonesia is a tropical region that stretches across the equator, comprised of 5 main islands (Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Papua) and 4 archipelagoes (Riau, Bangka Belitung, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku). As most population of Eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi, Papua and Nusa Tenggara & Maluku) live in poor areas, it is expected that there will be many parasites. Nevertheless, little is known about the status of parasites in Indonesia. This study examines the prevalences of malaria and lymphatic filaria, which are prevalent in Indonesia, as well as those of soil-transmitted-helminths (STH). As a result, the Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax case loads are almost equal. The current prevalence of P. vivax is uniformly low (<5%) in all age groups and annual parasite incidence (API) showed decreasing tendency as 0.84 per 1,000 population in 2016. However, more than 65 million people still live in malaria epidemic regions. Lymphatic filariasis remains an important public health problem and 236 cities were classified as endemic areas in 514 cities/districts in 2017. It is difficult to ascertain the current prevalence rate of STH in Indonesia, although West Sumba and Southwest Sumba in East Nusa Tenggara reported prevalence rate of more than 20%. The study also considers the (sero) prevalences of other parasites identified in Indonesia. This report should be useful not only to parasitologists but also to travelers and people with business in Indonesia.

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.2023; 1174(1): 012015. CrossRef
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Can Luo, Yan Wang, Qing Su, Jie Zhu, Shijing Tang, Robert Bergquist, Zhijie Zhang, Yi Hu
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R A Mogea, Y Fitriani, N Rumalolas, Y S Salosa
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Jujuk Anton Cahyono, Rifqoh, Yayuk Kustiningsih, Ahmad Muhlisin
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Negar Bizhani, Saeideh Hashemi Hafshejani, Neda Mohammadi, Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Bagher Rokni
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Yenny Djuardi, Gilbert Lazarus, Difa Stefanie, Umi Fahmida, Iwan Ariawan, Taniawati Supali, Maria Angeles Gómez-Morales
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Brief Communication

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among School Children in Pyin Oo Lwin and Naung Cho, Upper Myanmar: Th? Lam Th?i, Hojong Jun, Seo-Hye Park, H??ng Giang L?, Jinyoung Lee, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jung-Mi Kang, Moe Kyaw Myint, Khin Lin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Ho-Woo Nam, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(3):303-308.
Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.303

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite that can cause toxoplasmosis in a wide range of warm-blooded animals including humans. In this study, we analyzed seroprevalence of T. gondii among 467 school children living in the rural areas of Pyin Oo Lwin and Naung Cho, Myanmar. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii among school children was 23.5%; 22.5% of children were positive for T. gondii IgG, 0.4% of children were positive for T. gondii IgM, and 0.6% of children were positive for both T. gondii IgG and IgM. Geographical factors did not significantly affect the seroprevalence frequency between Pyin Oo Lwin and Naung Cho, Myanmar. No significant difference was found between males (22.2%) and females (25.0%). The overall seroprevalence among school children differed by ages (10 years old [13.6%], 11-12 years old [19.8%], 13-14 years old [24.6%], and 15-16 years old [28.0%]), however, the result was not significant. Polymerase chain reaction analysis for T. gondii B1 gene for IgG-positive and IgM-positive blood samples were negative, indicating no direct evidence of active infection. These results collectively suggest that T. gondii infection among school children in Myanmar was relatively high. Integrated and improved strategies including reinforced education on toxoplasmosis should be implemented to prevent and control T. gondii infection among school children in Myanmar.

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BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto in Northern Xinjiang, China: Baoping Guo, Zhuangzhi Zhang, Xueting Zheng, Yongzhong Guo, Gang Guo, Li Zhao, Ren Cai, Bingjie Wang, Mei Yang, Xi Shou, Wenbao Zhang, Bin Jia; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(2):153-159.
Published online April 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.2.153

Abstract
PDF

Echinococcus granulosus is an important zoonotic parasite globally causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and animals. In this study, prevalence of CE and variation of cox1 gene sequence were analyzed with isolates E. granulosus collected from different areas in northern Xinjiang, China. The survey showed that 3.5% of sheep and 4.1% of cattle were infected with CE. Fragment of cox1 was amplified from all the positive sheep and cattle samples by PCR. In addition, 26 positive samples across the 4 areas were included. The isolates were all E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) containing 15 haplotypes (Hap1-15), and clustered into 2 genotypes, G1 (90.1%, 91/101) and G3 (9.9%, 10/101). Hap1 was the most common haplotype (48.5%, 49/101). Hap9 were found in humans samples, indicating that sheep and cattle reservoir human CE. It is indicate that E. granulosus may impact on control of CE in livestock and humans in the region.

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Baoping Guo, Cairen, Li Zhao, Kalibixiati Aimulajiang, Wenqiang Tang, Chuanchuan Wu, Maiweilidan Yimingjiang, Jianyong Wu, Rongsheng Mi, Hao Wen
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Phylogeny and population structure of Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) based on full-length cytb-nad2-atp6 mitochondrial genes – First report from Sialkot District of Pakistan
Mughees Aizaz Alvi, Rana Muhammad Athar Ali, Li Li, Muhammad Saqib, Warda Qamar, Ali Hassan, Muzafar Ghafoor, Siddiq Ur Rahman, Muhammad Umar Zafar Khan, Bao-Quan Fu, Youyu Liu, Hong Yin, Hong-Bin Yan, Wan-Zhong Jia
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology.2023; 253: 111542. CrossRef
Survey and Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto from Livestock and Humans in the Altai Region of Xinjiang, China
Baoping Guo, Li Zhao, Lu Zhao, Rongsheng Mi, Xu Zhang, Bingjie Wang, Gang Guo, Yuan Ren, Wenjing Qi, Zhuangzhi Zhang
Pathogens.2023; 12(1): 134. CrossRef
Update on the genetic diversity and population structure of Echinococcus granulosus in Gansu Province, Tibet Autonomous Region, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Western China, inferred from mitochondrial cox1, nad1, and nad5 sequences
Nigus Abebe Shumuye, Li Li, John Asekhaen Ohiolei, Sayed Ajmal Qurishi, Wen-Hui Li, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Yan-Tao Wu, Yao-Dong Wu, Sheng-Zhi Gao, Fu-Heng Zhang, Xue-Qi Tian, Wen-Jun Tian, Yong Fu, Xie-Zhong Wang, Yong-Hong Pan, Fang Zhan, Lin-Sheng Zhang, Min
Parasitology Research.2023; 122(5): 1107. CrossRef
Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato Genotypes in Different Hosts Worldwide: A Systematic Review
Carlos Manterola, Armando Totomoch-Serra, Claudio Rojas, Ángela L. Riffo-Campos, Nayely García-Méndez
Acta Parasitologica.2022; 67(1): 161. CrossRef
Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in China: Epidemiological studies and systematic review
Rui‐Qi Hua, Xiao‐Di Du, Xue He, Xiao‐Bin Gu, Yue Xie, Ran He, Jing Xu, Xue‐Rong Peng, Guang‐You Yang
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic structure and phylogeography of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 in Pakistan and other regions of the world based on nad5 gene
Naunain Mehmood, Hira Muqaddas, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Urmas Saarma, Antonio Varcasia
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Meta-analysis on the prevalence of bovine hydatid disease in China from 2000 to 2021
Shijie Fan, Hailong Dong, Hongcai Ma, Bingyi Wang, Mujahid Iqbal, Minghao Zou, Ming Qi, Zhipeng Cao
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Yan Li, Yaohui Yu, Qian Liu, Haicheng Qi, Shan Li, Juan Xin, Yan Xing
Parasitology Research.2022; 121(12): 3393. CrossRef
Genetic diversity and haplotype analysis of yak and sheep echinococcal cysts isolates from the mitochondrial cox1 gene in parts of Tibet, China
Shijie Fan, Xialing Zhao, Danqulamu, Bin Shi, Wenqiang Tang, Hailong Dong, Chenyang Xia
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Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of hydatid cysts isolated from livestock in Bushehr province, Iran
Zahra Babaei, Reza Taherkhani, Afshin Barazesh, Marzieh Taherzadeh, Soleiman Khorami, Moradali Fouladvand
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2021; 45(1): 197. CrossRef
Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Echinococcus in Sheep in China From 1983 to 2020
Yang Gao, Wei Wang, Chuang Lyu, Xin-Yu Wei, Yu Chen, Quan Zhao, Zhi-Guang Ran, You-Qing Xia
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Transcriptomic Features of Echinococcus granulosus Protoscolex during the Encystation Process
Junjie Fan, Hongye Wu, Kai Li, Xunuo Liu, Qingqing Tan, Wenqiao Cao, Bo Liang, Bin Ye
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(3): 287. CrossRef
Tacrolimus, a rapamycin target protein inhibitor, exerts anti-cystic echinococcosis effects both in vitro and in vivo
Muzhabaier Muhedier, Jintian Li, Hui Liu, Guizhi Ma, Kuerbannisha Amahong, Renyong Lin, Guodong Lü
Acta Tropica.2020; 212: 105708. CrossRef

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Epidemiological Survey on Schistosomiasis and Intestinal Helminthiasis among Village Residents of the Rural River Basin Area in White Nile State, Sudan: Young-Ha Lee, Jin-Su Lee, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, In-Sun Kwon, Abd Al Wahab Saed Mohamed, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(2):135-144.
Published online April 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.2.135

Abstract
PDF

There have been some reports on schistosomiasis of school children in Sudan’s Nile River basin area; however, information about the infection status of Schistosoma species and intestinal helminths among village residents of this area is very limited. Urine and stool samples were collected from the 1,138 residents of the Al Hidaib and Khour Ajwal villages of White Nile State, Sudan in 2014. The prevalence of overall schistosomiasis and intestinal helminthiasis was 36.3% and 7.7%, respectively. Egg positive rates were 35.6% for Schistosoma haematobium, 2.6% for S. mansoni, and 1.4% were mixed. The prevalence of schistosomiasis was significantly higher in men (45.6%) than in women (32.0%), in Khou Ajwal villagers (39.4%) than in Al Hidaib villagers (19.2%), and for age groups ≤15 years old (51.5%) than for age groups >15 years old (13.2%). The average number of eggs per 10 ml urine (EP10) of S. haematobium infections was 18.9, with 22.2 eggs in men vs 17.0 in women and 20.4 in Khou Ajwal villagers vs 8.1 in Al Hidaib villagers. In addition to S. mansoni eggs, 4 different species of intestinal helminths were found in the stool, including Hymenolepis nana (6.6%) and H. diminuta (1.0%). Collectively, urinary schistosomiasis is still prevalent among village residents in Sudan’s White Nile River basin and was especially high in men, children ≤15 years, and in the village without a clean water system. H. nana was the most frequently detected intestinal helminths in the 2 villages.

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Schistosomiasis Interventions in Africa: Assessment and Systematic Review
Christopher Yaw Dumevi, George Boateng Kyei, Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo, James-Paul Kretchy, Irene Ayi, Patrick F. Ayeh-Kumi, Satabdi Datta Choudhury
Journal of Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Urogenital schistosomiasis in schoolchildren in the lake zones of Kankossa and Oued Rawdha, southern Mauritania: The first parasitological and malacological survey
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(9): e0012505. CrossRef
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Schistosomiasis in Sudan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yousef Alsaafin, Ayman Omer, Osama Felemban, Sarra Modawi, Maydolin Ibrahim, Abdullah Mohammed, Ammar Elfaki, Ahmed Abushara, Maryam A SalahEldin
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I. Soumahoro S., P. Kouassi D., D. Zika K., Coulibaly M., D. Kouame A., Yéo S., M. Sokodogo A., A. E. Amani E., S. M. L. Tanoh M., Moumouni A., H. A. Yao G., -E. Ebouat M., Adoubryn K.D, S. Dagnan N.
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology.2023; 15(3): 202. CrossRef
Impact of seven years of mass drug administration and recrudescence of Schistosoma haematobium infections after one year of treatment gap in Zanzibar: Repeated cross-sectional studies
Lydia Trippler, Shaali Makame Ame, Jan Hattendorf, Saleh Juma, Salum Abubakar, Said Mohammed Ali, Fatma Kabole, David Rollinson, Stefanie Knopp, Antonio Montresor
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Gender-related differences in prevalence, intensity and associated risk factors of Schistosoma infections in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Diepreye Victoria Ayabina, Jessica Clark, Helena Bayley, Poppy H. L. Lamberton, Jaspreet Toor, T. Deirdre Hollingsworth, Victor S. Santos
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2021; 15(11): e0009083. CrossRef
Comparison of the Change in the Prevalence and Intensity of Schistosoma haematobium Infection Between High and Low Prevalence Areas of White Nile State, Sudan
Seungman Cha, Sung-Tae Hong, Jin-Su Lee, Hoo Gn Jeong, In-Sun Kwon, Abd Al Wahab Saed, Mousab Siddig Elhag, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Mutamad Amin, Young-Ha Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 421. CrossRef
Genetic Diversity in Drug Transporters: Impact in African Populations
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Clinical and Translational Science.2020; 13(5): 848. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analyses of Trichuris suis in Pigs in Hunan Province, Subtropical China: Lei Tan, Aibing Wang, Jing Yi, Yisong Liu, Jiayu Li, Wei Liu; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(5):495-500.
Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.495

Abstract
PDF

Trichuris suis infection in pigs is ubiquitous in intensive and extensive farms, which causes potential threat to human health. The
objective
of this research was to investigate the prevalence of T. suis in pigs in Hunan province. Total 2,267 fresh fecal samples distributed in 28 pig farms from 7 different administrative regions (Hunan province) were evaluated for the existence of T. suis eggs using saturated NaCl floating method. The average infection rate of T. suis in pigs was 8.91% in Hunan province. To determine genetic variation of the gained T. suis isolates in the present study, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions from nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of 7 T. suis isolates were cloned and analyzed. Nucleotide diversities were 1.0-3.5% and 0-3.8% for ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that all isolates collected in the present study and T. suis available in Genbank generated a monophyletic clade. The present investigation revealed high infection rates of T. suis in pigs in Hunan province, which shed light on making effective measures to prevent and control T. suis infection in pigs in Hunan province.

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Sitong Ai, Zhichao Zhang, Jinghan Wang, Xiaoqi Wang, Cheng Liu, Ziyuan Duan
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Prevalences and characteristics of Trichuris spp. infection in sheep in pastoral areas of the Tianshan, Xinjiang, China
Lixia Wang, Guowu Zhang, Yuhang Fu, Chengcheng Ning, Zhiyuan Li, Huisheng Wang, Jinsheng Zhang, Yunxia Shang, Yaoqiang Sun, Xiaoxing Huang, Xuepeng Cai, Xianzhu Xia, Qingling Meng, Jun Qiao
Journal of Veterinary Research.2022; 66(4): 591. CrossRef
Detection of Trichuris eggs in feces and soil from giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) and other hoofstock enclosures under human care in the USA
Lauren Shusterman, Antoinette E. Marsh, Priscilla H. Joyner, Greg Habing
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2021; 15: 208. CrossRef
Foodborne Parasites Dominate Current Parasitic Infections in Hunan Province, China
Xiaohua Liu, Mengqi Wu, Yuan Liu, Jing Li, Dongqian Yang, Liping Jiang
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a Droplet Digital PCR for Detection of Trichuriasis in Sheep
Zhichao Yu, Zhiguo Zhao, Linjun Chen, Junyan Li, Xianghong Ju
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Serological Detection of Antibodies against Anaplasma spp. in Cattle Reared in the Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea: Min-Goo Seo, In-Ouh Ouh, Seung-Hun Lee, Ui-Han Son, Paul John L. Geraldino, Man Hee Rhee, Oh-Deog Kwon, Tae-Hwan Kim, Dongmi Kwak; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):287-290.
Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.287

Abstract
PDF

Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne, non-contagious, zoonotic disease caused by Anaplasma spp., which include Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale, A. phagocytophilum, A. platys, A. ovis, and A. bovis. Recently, in Korea, the prevalence of Anaplasma spp. has been investigated in some animals, such as dogs, horses, goats, cats, and Korean water deer. In cattle, A. marginale is the most virulent species and regarded as the typical type of species. However, data on the seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. in cattle in Korea during the last decade is limited. This study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Korea. From 2010 to 2013, blood samples were collected from 568 cattle. Forty animals (7.0%) tested seropositive for Anaplasma spp. by cELISA. Despite that current bovine anaplasmosis seropositivity rate in the Gyeongsangbuk-do is lower than those in tropical countries, anaplasmosis needs to be regarded as a concerning disease. The identification of the specific Anaplasma species infecting cattle in this province requires additional molecular studies. Moreover, further monitoring and control programs for bovine anaplasmosis is required, and the information from this study will be beneficial to develop these programs.

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Original Article

Molecular Method Confirms Canine Leishmania Infection Detected by Serological Methods in Non-Endemic Area of Brazil: Emeline Riboldi, Flavio Carvalho, Pedro Roosevelt Torres Roma?o, Regina Bones Barcellos, Graziele Lima Bello, Raquel Rocha Ramos, Rosemari Terezinha de Oliveira, Joa?o Pessoa Arau?jo Ju?nior, Maria Lucia Rossetti, Eliane Dallegrave; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):11-19.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.11

Abstract
PDF

In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is expanding and becoming urbanized, especially in non-endemic areas such as the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Considering that infected dogs are the main reservoir for zoonotic VL, this study evaluated the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, a new area of ex- pansion of VL in Brazil. Serum and plasma from 405 asymptomatic dogs from the municipalities of Canoas (n = 107), Sa?o Leopoldo (n=216), and Novo Hamburgo (n=82) were tested for CVL using immunochromatographic (DPP^®) and ELISA EIE^® assays (2 assays officially adopted by the Brazilian government for the diagnosis of CVL) and real-time PCR to con- firm the results. There was no agreement among serological and real-time PCR results, indicating that the Leishmania infection in asymptomatic animals with low parasite load, confirmed by negative parasitological tests (smears and parasite culture), need to be evaluated by molecular methods. The prevalence of LVC in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, confirmed by real-time PCR was 4% (5.6% in Canoas and 4.6% in Sa?o Leopoldo). The use of molecular method is essential for accurate diagnosis of CVL, especially in asymptomatic dogs in non-endemic areas.

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Raissa Barbosa de Castro, Luma Salgado Leopoldino, João Victor Badaró de Moraes, Gustavo Costa Bressan, Raphael de Souza Vasconcellos, Evandro Silva Favarato, Fabiana Azevedo Voorwald, Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
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Fabiana Raquel Ratzlaff, Vanessa Osmari, Daniele da Silva, Jaíne Soares de Paula Vasconcellos, Luciana Pötter, Fagner D’ambroso Fernandes, José Américo de Mello Filho, Sônia de Avila Botton, Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel, Luís Antônio Sangioni
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Natural infection by Leishmania infantum in the Lutzomyia longipalpis population of an endemic coastal area to visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil is not associated with bioclimatic factors
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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in Cats from Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: Honglie Hou, Lili Cao, Wenzhi Ren, Dansheng Wang, He Ding, Juan You, Xinhua Yao, Hang Dong, Yanbing Guo, Shuxian Yuan, Xichen Zhang, Pengtao Gong; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(6):673-677.
Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.6.673

Abstract
PDF

The present study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors for Dirofilaria immitis infection in cats from Liaoning province, northeastern China. From October 2014 to September 2016, sera of 651 cats, including 364 domestic cats and 287 feral cats (332 females and 319 males) were assessed. They were tested for the presence of D. immitis antigen using SNAP Heartworm RT test kit. In this population, the average prevalence was 4.5%. Age and rearing conditions (feral or domestic) were found to be associated with the prevalence of D. immitis. The prevalence was significantly higher in feral cats compared with domestic cats (8.4% vs 1.4%, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between males and females (4.7% vs 4.2%, P>0.05), but older cats (≥3 years old) showed a statistically higher prevalence compared with younger cats (<3 years old) in feral populations (16.8 vs 2.4%, P<0.01), while the difference between the age groups was not statistically significant in domestic cats (2.4% vs 0.51%, P>0.05), all these results suggest that outdoor exposure time may be one of the most important factors for D. immitis prevalence in cats. Results reveal that D. immitis are prevalence in domestic and feral cats in northeastern China, which indicates that appropriate preventive measures should be taken to decrease the incidence of feline heartworm disease in Liaoning province, northeastern China.

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Mehmet Fatih Aydın, Kürşat Altay, Ayperi Aytmirzakizi, Nazir Dumanlı
Acta Parasitologica.2020; 65(4): 949. CrossRef

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Intestinal Parasite Infections among Inhabitants in Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China: Myoung-Ro Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Byung-Suk Chung, Sang-Eun Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Liji Xu, Chen Long Nan, Mi-Yeoun Park, Shin-Hyeong Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(5):579-582.
Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.579

Abstract
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To investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China, epidemiological surveys were conducted on a collaboration basis between the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Yanbian Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 8,396 (males 3,737 and females 4,659) stool samples were collected from 8 localities and examined with the formalin-ether sedimentation technique, and additionally examined with the cellotape anal swab to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs. The overall rate of intestinal parasites was 1.57%. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was the highest (0.80%), followed by Entamoeba spp. (0.23%), heterophyid flukes (0.15%), Clonorchis sinensis (0.08%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.07%), hookworms (0.06%), Trichostrongylus spp. (0.06%), Giardia lamblia (0.04%), Paragonimus spp. (0.02%), Diphyllobothrium spp. (0.02%), Trichuris trichiura (0.02%). The prevalence by sex was similar, 1.58% (n=59) in males and 1.57% (n=73) in females. By the present study, it is partly revealed that the prevalences of intestinal parasite infections are relatively low among the inhabitants of Yanbian Prefecture, Jilin Province, China.

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Status and Risk Factors of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Rural Communities of Xayaburi Province, Lao PDR: Phasouk Senephansiri, Porntip Laummaunwai, Sakorn Laymanivong, Thidarut Boonmar; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(5):569-573.
Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.569

Abstract
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The present study was performed to reveal the current status and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infections in the villages of Kenethao district, Xayaburi Province, Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected and examined for S. stercoralis using Koga-agar plate culture technique. Among 516 individuals, the prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworm infection was 44.2% and 17.1%, respectively. Co-infection was detected in 13.2% of the cases. The prevalence did not significantly differ between males and females (P=0.193). However, the prevalence of S. stercoralis infection increased significantly with age (P=0.041). Of the risk factors examined, both performing farming activities (P=0.001) and walking barefoot when going outside of the house (P=0.003) showed significant correlations with S. stercoralis infections. Our results suggest that S. stercoralis is highly endemic in this area. The National Helminth Control Program of Lao PDR should take actions to control S. stercoralis infection. In addition, provision of health education about the benefits of wearing shoes would be important for reducing infection in the study area. Moreover, the application of high-sensitivity diagnostic approaches is needed to obtain the true impact of S. stercoralis infections in all rural communities in order to provide surveillance activities in Lao PDR.

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Original Articles

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis Detected by RDT in Residents near the DMZ (demilitarized zone) of Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea: Yeong Hoon Kim, Jihoo Lee, Young-Eun Kim, Seongkyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(4):385-389.
Published online August 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.385

Abstract
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among the residents of Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, which partly includes the demilitarized zone (DMZ), were surveyed for 4 years and evaluated by RDT using recombinant fragment of major surface antigen (SAG1A). Sera from 1336, 583, 526, and 583 adult residents were collected on a yearly basis from 2010 to 2013, respectively. The total positive seroprevalence was 19.3, 21.9, 23.4, and 26.8% from 2010 to 2013, respectively. The positive seroprevalence in men (23.6, 27.5, 29.5, 34.6%) was far higher than women (14.1, 18.3, 19.4, 21.4%), from 2010 to 2013, respectively. This high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Cheorwon-gun may have been influenced in part by its geographical locality of the area as it includes the DMZ, where civilian access is strictly limited, thus creating a relatively isolated area that is a well-preserved habitat. Further research is necessary to study the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in this area.

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Is the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis declining?
Gregory Colin Milne, Joanne P. Webster, Martin Walker
Trends in Parasitology.2023; 39(1): 26. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among patients of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, PR China
Yu-bin Guan, Xiao-xiao Sun, Shao-lian Chen, Xiao-ting Zhu, Zhi-hua Zeng, Han-wei Lu, Hong-mei Feng, Yu Guo, Wen-gong Jiang, Kui Xiong, Xiao-rong Yang, Ho-Woo Nam, Zhao-shou Yang, Pan Li
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(7): e0286430. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii assayed using Rapid Diagnostic Tests among Residents in Three Counties Adjacent to The Demilitarized Zone, Korea
Jeehi Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Yoon Kyung Chang, Seong Kyu Ahn, Seo Hye Park, Sung-Jong Hong, Jihoo Lee, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Tong-Soo Kim, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 9. CrossRef
Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Ganghwa-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Goseong-gun, Korea
Jihye Yu, Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 251. CrossRef
Distribution of toxoplasmosis among different groups of the population of the Оmsk Region
O.Yu. Starostina, Yu.I. Patsula, A.Kh. Nurpeisova
ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT.2019; : 51. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis with ELISA and Rapid Diagnostic Test among Residents in Gyodong-do, Inchon city, Korea: A Four-Year Follow-up: Yeong Hoon Kim, Ji hoo Lee, Seong kyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):247-254.
Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.247

Abstract
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ELISA has been used for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, but it is being gradually replaced by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT). We compared and analyzed ELISA and RDT results using the sera collected during 4 consecutive years from residents of Gyodong-do (Island), Incheon-city, Korea. Sera from 921, 993, 940, and 838 adult residents were collected on a yearly basis (2010-2013). ELISA was performed by using a crude extract of T. gondii RH strain antigen and IgG/IgM RDT mounted with recombinant fragment of major surface antigen (SAG1), GST-linker-SAG1A, were applied to the sera. Comparison between groups was analyzed by the Student’s t-test. The positive seroprevalence surged from 14.7% (135/921, 2010), 23.1% (231/993, 2011), 23.6% (222/940, 2012), and 32.1% (269/838, 2013) by ELISA. In contrast, RDT showed a more moderate increasing trend from 21.7% (200/921, 2010), 25.5% (253/993, 2011), 28.9% (272/940, 2012) and 33.1% (277/838, 2013). Discrepancies between ELISA and RDT were noted near the cut-off value. At the OD 0.15-0.24 range, RDT could detect 16.1% (169/1051) more positives, which suggests an early or acute toxoplasmosis, but at the OD 0.25-0.34 range, ELISA could detect 35.9% (92/256) more positives of possible chronic infections. Over the OD > 0.35 ELISA and RDT agreed in the majority of the cases. This surge in seroprevalence may be caused by the organic agriculture in addition to eating behavior or increase in pets among Koreans. These facts may be applied on a full-scale national survey using RDT to supplement ELISA to define the characteristics of the infection.

Citations

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Is the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis declining?
Gregory Colin Milne, Joanne P. Webster, Martin Walker
Trends in Parasitology.2023; 39(1): 26. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii assayed using Rapid Diagnostic Tests among Residents in Three Counties Adjacent to The Demilitarized Zone, Korea
Jeehi Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Yoon Kyung Chang, Seong Kyu Ahn, Seo Hye Park, Sung-Jong Hong, Jihoo Lee, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Tong-Soo Kim, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 9. CrossRef
Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Ganghwa-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Goseong-gun, Korea
Jihye Yu, Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 251. CrossRef
Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Gyodong-Myeon and Samsan-Myeon, Ganghwa-Gun, Korea
Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 493. CrossRef
Evaluation of a Newly Designed Immunochromatographic Test using Gold Nanoparticles and Recombinant Antigen gra7 for Rapid Diagnosis of Human Toxoplasmosis
Hassan Morovati, Seyyed javad Seyyedtabaei, Mehrdad Gholamzad
Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2020; 14(1): 101. CrossRef
Status of common parasitic diseases in Korea in 2019
Sun Huh
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2019; 62(8): 437. CrossRef
Tissue Fluid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay for Piglets Experimentally Infected with Toxoplasma gondii and Survey on Local and Imported Pork in Korean Retail Meat Markets
Won Gi Yoo, Sun-Min Kim, Eun Jeong Won, Ji-Yun Lee, Fuhong Dai, Ho Choon Woo, Ho-Woo Nam, Tae Im Kim, Jeong-Hee Han, Dongmi Kwak, Yun Sang Cho, Seung-Won Kang, Tong-Soo Kim, Xing-Quan Zhu, Chunren Wang, Heejeong Youn, Sung-Jong Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 437. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Cat Sitters in Korea: Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Sang-Eun Lee, Min-Jae Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(2):203-206.
Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.203

Abstract
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The seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis has been increasing in Korea, and it is controversial whether cats are an important infection source or not. This study was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a high risk group (cat sitters) and to determine the possible importance of cats as an infection source in Korea. Risk factors, including the age, sex, and diet of cat sitters, their contact experience and contact frequency with stray cats, and origin, number, and outdoor activity of their pet cats, were analyzed using structured questionnaires. A total of 673 serum samples from people who have frequent contact with cats (high risk group) and 1,114 samples from general people (low risk group) were examined for specific IgG antibodies against T. gondii by ELISA. The results revealed that the overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 7.4% (n=1,787). The seroprevalence among low risk group was 8.0% (89/1,114), whereas that among high risk group was rather lower 6.4% (43/673), though this difference was statistically not significant (P=0.211). Among the risk factors, only the outdoor activity of pet cats was important; people having cats with outdoor activities revealed 2 times higher seroprevalence than people having cats with only indoor activities (P=0.027). In conclusion, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was not significantly different between the high risk group and low risk group, and the importance of cats as a source of infection in Korea is questionable.

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Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Chung-Won Lee, Jae-Young Park, Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(2): 182. CrossRef
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Jinru Yang, Linchong Nie, Yining Song, Zipeng Yang, Liulu Yang, Hongjie Ren, Wenhao Li, Yasser Mahmmod, Xiu-Xiang Zhang, Ziguo Yuan, Hao Yuan, Yan Zhang
Vaccines.2025; 13(8): 851. CrossRef
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Siyu Zhou, Ziyin Sang, Lijun Wang, Tangjie Zhang
Journal of Veterinary Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Xin-Yu Wei, Qing-Long Gong, Ao Zeng, Wei Wang, Qi Wang, Xiao-Xuan Zhang
Preventive Veterinary Medicine.2021; 186: 105230. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in mainland China 2016–2020: a meta-analysis
Siyu Zhou, Ziyin Sang, Lijun Wang, Tangjie Zhang
Journal of Veterinary Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Neuroprotective Effect of Chronic Intracranial Toxoplasma gondii Infection in a Mouse Cerebral Ischemia Model
Seung Hak Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Han Gil Seo, Jong-Yil Chai, Byung-Mo Oh
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 461. CrossRef
Genetic Analysis of Zoonotic Gastrointestinal Protozoa and Microsporidia in Shelter Cats in South Korea
Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
Pathogens.2020; 9(11): 894. CrossRef
New prevalence surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii among rodents and stray cats by ELISA avidity and nested PCR methods, Northeast of Iran
Ehsan Shariat Bahadori, Javid Sadraei, Abdolhosein Dalimi
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2019; 43(3): 360. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among HIV Patients in Jahrom, Southern Iran: Hassan Rezanezhad, Fateme Sayadi, Enayatollah Shadmand, Seyed Dawood Mousavi Nasab, Hadi Rezaei Yazdi, Kavous Solhjoo, Akbar Kazemi, Monireh Maleki, Abbas Ahmadi Vasmehjani; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):99-103.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.99

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasma gondii is an important opportunistic agent especially in immunocompromised hosts and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Hence, detection and monitoring of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies are of a great interest in HIV-infected patients. A study on the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and associated risk factors was carried out among HIV-infected patients in Jahrom, southern Iran. The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies was 21.1% in HIV-infected patients by ELISA. PCR was performed on all of the samples, and 1 of the blood samples was positively detected. Among the HIV patients, anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were significantly higher in age group of 30-39 years old (P=0.05). The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients with CD4+<100 cells/μl was 33.3% that was significantly higher than the other groups (P=0.042) with or without IgG antibodies. The CD4+ count mean of seropositive patients was lower than that of seronegative patients. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy was significantly less than patients without therapy (P=0.02). In conclusion, this study showed low seroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis among HIV-infected patients in the region and confirmed the need for intensifying prevention efforts among this high-risk population and also the risk of toxoplasmosis reactivation which could be important among this population.

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Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

High Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis Detected by RDT among the Residents of Seokmo-do (Island) in Ganghwa-Gun, Incheon City, Korea: Yeong Hoon Kim, Jihoo Lee, Seongkyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):9-13.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.9

Abstract
PDF

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among the residents of Seokmo-do (Island) in Ganghwa-gun, Incheon, Korea was surveyed for 4 years by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) using recombinant fragment of major surface antigen (SAG1), GST-linker-SAG1A. Sera from 312, 343, 390, and 362 adult residents were collected on a yearly basis from 2010 to 2013, respectively. Total positive seroprevalence regardless of gender was 29.2, 35.3, 38.7, and 45.3% from 2010 to 2013, respectively. Positive seroprevalence in male adults was 43.9, 48.2, 45.4, and 55.3%, which was far higher than that of the corresponding female adults which was 20.7, 29.2, 33.9, and 38.9%, from 2010 to 2013, respectively. This high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Seokmo-do may have been caused in part by peculiar changes in the toxoplasmic environment of the island as it is a relatively isolated area preserving its natural habitat while also being connected by a bridge to the mainland. Further study is necessary to find out symptomatic patients and to confirm the risk factors.

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Clinical characteristics of toxoplasmosis patients in Korea: A retrospective study using health insurance review and assessment service data and electronic medical records
Do-Won Ham, Bong-Kwang Jung, Ji-Hun Shin, Yong Joon Kim, Kyoung Yul Seo, Seung Mi Lee, Jae Hyoung Im, Jeong-Ran Kwon, Ho-Sung Lee, Kyung-Won Hwang, Eun-Hee Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(4): 424. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii assayed using Rapid Diagnostic Tests among Residents in Three Counties Adjacent to The Demilitarized Zone, Korea
Jeehi Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Yoon Kyung Chang, Seong Kyu Ahn, Seo Hye Park, Sung-Jong Hong, Jihoo Lee, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Tong-Soo Kim, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 9. CrossRef
Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Ganghwa-gun, Cheorwon-gun, and Goseong-gun, Korea
Jihye Yu, Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 251. CrossRef
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Amjad Hayat Khan, Rahmah Noordin
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Clusters of Toxoplasmosis in Gyodong-Myeon and Samsan-Myeon, Ganghwa-Gun, Korea
Woojin Kim, Yoon Kyung Chang, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Dongjae Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 493. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Fascioliasis in Yaks, Bos grunniens, from Three Counties of Gansu Province, China: Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Sheng-Yong Feng, Jian-Gang Ma, Wen-Bin Zheng, Ming-Yang Yin, Si-Yuan Qin, Dong-Hui Zhou, Quan Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):89-93.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.89

Abstract
PDF

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in yaks, Bos grunniens, from 3 counties of Gansu Province in China. A total of 1,584 serum samples, including 974 samples from white yaks from Tianzhu, 464 from black yaks from Maqu, and 146 from black yaks from Luqu County, were collected and analyzed using ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against Fasciola hepatica. The overall F. hepatica seroprevalence was 28.7% (454/1,584), with 29.2% in white yaks (284/974) and 27.9% in black yaks (170/610). The seroprevalence of F. hepatica in yaks from Tianzhu, Luqu, and Maqu was 29.2%, 22.6%, and 29.5%, respectively. Female yaks (30.9%) had higher F. hepatica seroprevalence than male yaks (23.4%). Also, F. hepatica seroprevalence varied by different age group from 24.1% to 33.8%. Further, the seroprevalence ranged from 21.8% to 39.1% over different seasons. Interestingly, the season and age of yaks were associated with F. hepatica infection in yaks in the investigated areas. These findings provided a basis for further studies on this disease in yaks from 3 counties of Gansu Province in northwestern China, which may ultimately support the development of effective control strategies of fascioliasis in these areas.

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Acta Tropica.2022; 230: 106394. CrossRef
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Xing Gao, Luosong Xire, Zhao Zhang, Chuxian Quan, Shimeng Zhou, Kewei Li, Rende Song, Suonan Zhao, Xiangying Kong, Cairang Naori, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar, Yuhua Bao, Jiakui Li
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Probiotic Potential of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus Isolated from Tibetan Yaks, China
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International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2019; 8: 82. CrossRef
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Acta Tropica.2018; 183: 103. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Boars, Wild Rabbits, and Wild Chickens in Hubei Province, China: Houqiang Luo, Kun Li, Muhammad Shahzad, Hui Zhang, Yanfang Lan, Xiong Xiong; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):85-88.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.85

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasma gondii causes serious infection worldwide in humans and animals. In this study, the seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis was investigated in wild boars (Sus scrofa) (n=377), wild rabbits (cape hare, Lapus capensis) (n=331), and wild chickens (red junglefwol, Gallus gallus) (n=571) in 4 forested and country sided area of Hubei province of China. For this, blood samples were collected and tested by indirect hemagglutination test (IHA). The seroprevalence was found to be 7.2%, 5.1%, and 12.6% in wild boars, rabbits, and chickens, respectively, with significant differences among these species. The prevalence of T. gondii infection in male and female wild boars was found to be 7.9% and 6.5% (P<0.01), in male and female rabbits was 5.6% and 4.9% (P<0.01), and in male and female chickens was 17.1% and 7.7% (P<0.01), respectively, with significant differences between 2 genders of chickens (P<0.01). The findings of this study may help in planning of the prevention measures against T. gondii infection in wild animals in this area.

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Original Articles

Morphological Characteristics and Phylogenetic Trends of Trematode Cercariae in Freshwater Snails from Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand: Thapana Chontananarth, Thanawan Tejangkura, Napat Wetchasart, Cherdchay Chimburut; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):47-54.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.47

Abstract
PDF

The prevalence of cercarial infection in freshwater snails and their evolutionary trends were studied in Nakhon Nayok province, Thailand. A total of 2,869 individual snails were examined for parasitic infections. The results showed that 12 snail species were found to host larval stages of trematodes with an overall prevalence of 4.7%. The infected specimens included 7 types at the cercarial stage; cercariae, megalurous cercariae, echinostome cercariae, furcocercous cercariae, parapleurolophocercous cercariae, virgulate cercariae, and xiphidiocercariae. Regarding molecular identification, ITS2 sequence data of each larval trematode were analyzed, and a dendrogram was constructed using the neighbor-joining method with 10,000 replicates. The dendrogram was separated into 6 clades (order/family), including Echinostomatida/Echinostomatidae, Echinostomatida/Philophthalmidae, Opisthorchiida/Heterophyidae, Plagiorchiida/Prosthogonimidae, Plagiorchiida/Lecithodendriidae, and Strigeatida/Cyathocotylidae. These findings were used to confirm morphological characteristics and evolutionary trends of each type of cercariae discovered in Nakhon Nayok province. Furthermore, this investigation confirmed that the ITS2 data of cercariae could be used to study on phylogenetic relationships or to determine classification of this species at order and/or family level when possible.

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Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Toxocara vitulorum Infection in Yaks on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, China: Kun Li, Yanfang Lan, Houqiang Luo, Hui Zhang, Dongyu Liu, Lihong Zhang, Rui Gui, Lei Wang, Muhammad Shahzad, Suolang Sizhu, Jiakui Li, Yangzom Chamba; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):645-652.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.645

Abstract
PDF

Toxocara vitulorum has been rarely reported in yaks at high altitudes and remote areas of Sichuan Province of Tibetan Plateau of China. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics of T. vitulorum in yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau. Fecal samples were collected from 891 yak calves and were examined for the presence of T. vitulorum eggs by the McMaster technique. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to explore variables potentially associated with exposure to T. vitulorum infection. T. vitulorum specimens were collected from the feces of yaks in Hongyuan of Sichuan Province, China. DNA was extracted from ascaris. After PCR amplification, the sequencing of ND1 gene was carried out and phylogenetic analyses was performed by MEGA 6.0 software. The results showed that 64 (20.1%; 95% CI 15.8-24.9%), 75 (17.2; 13.8-21.1), 29 (40.9; 29.3-53.2), and 5 (7.6; 2.5-16.8) yak calves were detected out to excrete T. vitulorum eggs in yak calve feces in Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, and Gansu, respectively. The present study revealed that high infection and mortality by T. vitulorum is wildly spread on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau, China by fecal examination. Geographical origin, ages, and fecal consistencies are the risk factors associated with T. vitulorum prevalence by logistic regression analysis. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of ND1 gene of T. vitulorum indicated that T. vitulorum in the yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau are homologous to preveiously studies reported.

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Hiranmoy Biswas, Babul Chandra Roy, Pallab Kumar Dutta, Mohammad Manjurul Hasan, Shanaz Parvin, Dipok Kumar Choudhury, Nurjahan Begum, Md. Hasanuzzaman Talukder
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Samina Asghar Abbasi, Mazhar Qayum, Ruqayya Mehmood Baig, Mehvish Naseer Ahmad, Akbar Shah, Mujeeb ur Rahman, Haroon
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Hyeon Cheol Kim, Eui Ju Hong, Si Yun Ryu, Jinho Park, Jeong Gon Cho, Do Hyeon Yu, Joon Seok Chae, Kyoung Seong Choi, Bae Keun Park
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Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Molecular Clarification of Hookworm Species in Ethnic Ede Primary Schoolchildren in Dak Lak Province, Southern Vietnam: Bui Khac Hung, Nguyen Van De, Le Van Duyet, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):471-476.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.471

Abstract
PDF

To know the infection status of helminths in primary schoolchildren of southern parts of Vietnam, we performed an epidemiological study in Krong Pac district, Dak Lak Province, Vietnam. A total of 1,206 stool specimens were collected from ethnic Ede schoolchildren in 4 primary schools in 2015 and examined by the Kato-Katz technique. In addition, stool cultures were done by the Harada-Mori method to obtain hookworm larvae and then to clarify the species of hookworms infected. The results showed that the helminth infection rate was 25.0%, including 2.0% Ascaris lumbricoides, 0.33% Trichuris trichiura, and 22.8% hookworm infections. The average intensity of infection was 102.0 eggs per gram of feces (EPG) for Ascaris, 36.0 EPG for Trichuris, and 218.0 EPG for hookworms. ITS1 gene sequences of the hookworm larvae were identical with those of Necator americanus (100% homology) reported in GenBank. It has been confirmed in this study that the hookworm, N. americanus, is a dominant helminth species infected in primary schoolchildren of a southern part of Vietnam. Public health attention is needed for control of hookworm infections among schoolchildren in surveyed areas of Vietnam.

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Ritik Agrawal, Sweta Pattnaik, Jaya Singh Kshatri, Srikanta Kanungo, Nityananda Mandal, Subrata Kumar Palo, Sanghamitra Pati
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Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths using quantitative PCR and risk factors for hookworm and Necator americanus infection in school children in Dak Lak province, Vietnam
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Seroprevalence and Spatial Distribution of Toxoplasmosis in Sheep and Goats in North-Eastern Region of Pakistan: Haroon Ahmed, Ayesha Malik, Muhammad Arshad, Irfan Mustafa, Mobushir Riaz Khan, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Shahzad Ali, Muhammad Mobeen, Sami Simsek; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):439-446.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.439

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan disease that is caused by Toxoplasma gondii in livestock and humans. Due to its medical and veterinary importance, it is essential to study the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among humans and animals in various parts of the world. The major
objective
of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants (sheep and goats) of north-eastern region, Pakistan. A total of 1,000 animals comprising of sheep (n=470) and goats (n=530) were examined for T. gondii infection by using ELISA. An epidemiological data was collected in the form of questionnaire. A surface has been generated by using method of interpolation in Arc GIS with the help of IDW (inverse distance weight). The results showed higher seroprevalence of T. gondii in goats (42.8%) as compared to sheep (26.2%). The seroprevalence was higher in females as compared to males in all examined ruminants. Similarly, there is a wide variation in the seroprevalence of T. gondii in different breeds of sheep and goats showing higher seroprevalence in Teddy (52.8%) and Damani breed (34.5%) of goat and sheep’s, respectively. The geographical and spatial distribution of T. gondii shows that it is widely distributed in different parts of the north-eastern region of Pakistan. Our results suggest widespread environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts. It suggests us that small ruminants could be a potentially important source of T. gondii infection if their infected meat is consumed undercooked.

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Brief Communications

Prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini-Like Fluke Infection in Ducks in Binh Dinh Province, Central Vietnam: Thanh Thi Ha Dao, Emmanuel Nji Abatih, Thanh Thi Giang Nguyen, Ha Thi Lam Tran, Sarah Gabri?l, Suzanne Smit, Phap Ngoc Le, Pierre Dorny; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):357-361.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.357

Abstract
PDF

Following the first report of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in a domestic duck in Phu My District of Binh Dinh Province, Central Vietnam, many other cases were observed in the province. We determined the infection rate and intensity of O. viverrini infection in ducks in 4 districts of the province. A total of 178 ducks were randomly selected from 34 farms for examination of flukes in the liver and gall bladder. An infection rate of 34.3% (range 20.7-40.4% among districts) was found; the intensity of infection was 13.8 worms per infected duck (range 1-100). These findings show the role of ducks as a host for O. viverrini, duck genotype, which is sympatric with the human O. viverrini genotype in this province. It also stresses the need for investigations on the zoonotic potential and the life cycle of this parasite.

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Parasitic Helminth Infections and Intron Sequence Genotyping of Opisthorchis viverrini-like Eggs in Outdoor Domestic Cats and Dogs Across the Chi River Basin, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand
Kotchaphon Vaisusuk, Wasupon Chatan, Warayutt Pilap, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Chavanut Jaroenchaiwattanachote, Paiboon Sithithaworn, Ross H. Andrews, Chairat Tantrawatpan, Weerachai Saijuntha
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(7): 3005. CrossRef
Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis: epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, morbidity, diagnosis, treatment, and control
Men-Bao Qian, Jennifer Keiser, Jürg Utzinger, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Graeme N. Forrest
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Natural variables separate the endemic areas of Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini along a continuous, straight zone in Southeast Asia
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Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoans among Schoolchildren in Suburban Areas near Yangon, Myanmar: Min-Jae Kim, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jaeeun Cho, Deok-Gyu Kim, Hyemi Song, Keon-Hoon Lee, Seon Cho, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):345-348.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.345

Abstract
PDF

Although intestinal protozoans are common etiologies of diarrhea, few studies have been conducted in Myanmar. This study planned to investigate the prevalence of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and Endolimax nana among schoolchildren and their guardians in suburban areas near Yangon, Myanmar. We performed a cross-sectional survey among schoolchildren and their guardians from 7 primary schools in South Dagon and Hlaing Thar Yar districts, Yangon, Myanmar. Stool samples were observed with a microscope after concentration technique and iodine staining. Total 821 stool samples, including 556 from schoolchildren and 265 from guardians, were examined. The median age was 6 years old for schoolchildren and 36 years old for guardians. A 53.1% of the school children and 14.6 % of the guardians were males. The overall prevalence of each intestinal protozoan species was as follows: 3.4% (28/821) for G. lamblia; 3.5% (29/821) for E. coli; 1.2% (10/821) for E. histoytica, and 3.0% for E. nana. This study showed that intestinal protozoans are common in primary schoolchildren and their guardians in suburban areas near Yangon, Myanmar. Health interventions, such as hand washing education, improvement of sanitation, and establishment of water purification systems are urgently needed in this area.

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Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis Infection among Residents along 5 Major Rivers in the Republic of Korea: Young-Il Jeong, Hee-Eun Shin, Sang-Eun Lee, Hyeng-Il Cheun, Jung-Won Ju, Jung-Yeon Kim, Mi Yeoun Park, Shin-Hyeong Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):215-219.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.215

Abstract
PDF

Clonorchis sinensis is currently the most important parasite affecting public health problems in the Republic of Korea. We investigated the prevalence of C. sinensis infection among residents living along 5 major rivers in Korea. A total of 42,562 individual stool samples were collected from 37 localities and examined using the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. Helminth eggs were detected in 4,052 (9.5%) residents and 3,586 (8.4%) were infected with C. sinensis. The egg positive rate of C. sinensis in Nakdong, Seomjin, Geum, Yeongsan, and Han River was 11.7%, 9.9%, 6.5%, 3.1%, and 1.0%, respectively. The overall prevalence of clonorchiasis by sex was 11.2% in males and 6.2% in females. The age-prevalence was the highest in the 50-59 years band. It has been reconfirmed that the endemicity of clonorchiasis is higher in southern areas of Korea, especially along Nakdong and Seomjin Rivers. A combination of continuous control programs with health education initiatives is urgently required in these highly endemic areas of clonorchiasis in Korea.

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High Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity among Brain Tumor Patients in Korea: Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Min-Jae Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):201-204.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.201

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that can modulate the environment of the infected host. An unfavorable environment modulated by T. gondii in the brain includes tumor microenvironment. Literature has suggested that T. gondii infection is associated with development of brain tumors. However, in Korea, epidemiological data regarding this correlation have been scarce. In this study, in order to investigate the relationship between T. gondii infection and brain tumor development, we investigated the seroprevalence of T. gondii among 93 confirmed brain tumor patients (various histological types, including meningioma and astrocytoma) in Korea using ELISA. The results revealed that T. gondii seropositivity among brain tumor patients (18.3%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared with that of healthy controls (8.6%). The seropositivity of brain tumor patients showed a significant age-tendency, i.e., higher in younger age group, compared with age-matched healthy controls (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study supports the close relationship between T. gondii infection and incidence of brain tumors.

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