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Case Report

Fasciola hepatica infection in Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus)
Na-Hyeon Kim, Min-Gyeong Seo, Bumseok Kim, Yu Jeong Jeon, In Jung Jung, Il-Hwa Hong
Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(3):243-247.
Published online August 20, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25021
Fasciola hepatica is a species of zoonotic liver flukes with a broad range of definitive hosts worldwide. However, this liver fluke has not been detected in Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). This study provides the first evidence for Korean water deer being a definitive host of F. hepatica.
  • 1,508 View
  • 49 Download

Original Article

Infection status and species diversity of trematode cercariae in freshwater snails from canal networks in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand
Phuphitchan Rachprakhon, Watchariya Purivirojkul
Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(4):461-475.
Published online November 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24033
This study aimed to investigate the infection status and species diversity of trematode cercariae in freshwater snails from canal networks in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), Thailand. The snails were collected from 35 sites during 2 cycles of the wet (July–October) and dry (November–June) seasons in 2018–2019. A total of 29,420 snails representing 24 species/subspecies were examined for cercarial infection using shedding and crushing techniques. We found that 1,275 snails from 12 species/subspecies were infected, resulting in an overall prevalence of 4.3%. Infections were significantly higher (p<0.001) during the wet season (5.9%; 970/16,473) than during the dry season (2.4%; 305/12,947). Morphological identification revealed 37 distinct types within 15 morphotypes, with the armatae morphotype showing the highest infection rate (1.8%) and the greatest cercarial diversity (8 distinct types). This study highlights the health risk posed by the Bithynia siamensis siamensis, which was the second most prevalent (8.5%) and hosted the greatest cercarial diversity (11 morphotypes, 15 distinct types). This subspecies also displayed a wide distribution range (31 localities) with a generally high occurrence frequency in the BMR. This study firstly documents a gymnophallid digenean as a freshwater digenean, presenting evidence of a dichotoma cercarial morphotype from 4 species/subspecies (Filopaludina martensi martensi, F. sumatrensis polygramma, B. siamensis siamensis, and Wattebledia siamensis) with a low infection range (0.1–0.4%). A staggering diversity of cercariae was observed in the BMR canal networks with seasonal fluctuations. The B. siamensis siamensis displayed notable epidemiological importance in the BMR flowing-water networks. This study provides quantitative and qualitative morphological descriptions and measurement guidelines for the dichotoma cercaria in Thailand.
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Brief Communications

Ozobranchus jantseanus (Clitellata: Ozobranchidae) from Reeve’s Turtle, Mauremys reevesii: New Annelid Fauna in Korea
Kyo Soung Koo, Kayoung Yun, Yikweon Jang
Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):213-215.
Published online June 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.213
Turtle leeches have not been recorded in Korea, although they occur in geographically adjacent countries including China and Japan. This study describes a turtle leech, Ozobranchus jantseanus (Clitellata: Ozobranchidae), found from Reeve’s turtle (Mauremys reevesii) in Korea. Of the 143 Reeve’s turtles collected from the freshwater reservoir in Jinju City, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, 95 unidentified leeches were found in 8 (5.6%) individuals. The leeches had 22 somites with 11 pairs of externally exposed branchiae, body-sized posterior suckers, and spines on the dorsal surface. We identified these leeches as Ozobranchus jantseanus Oka, 1912 (Clitellata: Ozobranchidae). This species of turtle leeches found in Korea may fill the gap in the biodiversity of East Asian annulus.

Citations

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  • The impact of the legal designation and collection system on the abandonment and surrender of non-native common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) in South Korea
    Eun Jin Park, Hakyung Kang, Chul Hoon Kim, Jong-Yoon Im, Yikweon Jang, Kyo Soung Koo
    Environmental Biology Research.2024; 42(1): 46.     CrossRef
  • 3,502 View
  • 129 Download
  • Crossref
Association Between the Prevalence of Schistosomiasis in Elementary School Students and Their Parental Occupation in Sudan
Yan Jin, Seungman Cha, Youngjin Kim, Hamdan Mustafa Hamdan, Mousab Siddig Elhag, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Keon Hoon Lee, Sung-Tae Hong
Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(1):51-56.
Published online February 23, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.1.51
Global efforts to identify groups at high risk for schistosomiasis have mainly concentrated on identifying their geographical distribution. Investigations on the socioeconomic characteristics of high-risk groups are relatively scarce. This study aimed to explore the associations between schistosomiasis among students and their parents’ occupations. A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted targeting 105,167 students in 1,772 primary schools across Sudan in 2017. From these students, 100,726 urine and 96,634 stool samples were collected to test for Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni infection. A multi-level mixed effect analysis was used with age and sex as fixed factors, and school as a random factor. The odd ratios (ORs) of practicing open defecation among farmers’ children were almost 5 times higher than their counterparts whose parents were government officials (OR=4.97, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 4.57-5.42, P<0.001). The ORs of contacting water bodies for watering livestock among farmers’ children were more than 4 times higher than those of children whose parents were government officials (OR=4.59, 95% CIs: 4.02-5.24, P<0.001). This study shows that schistosomiasis represents a disease of poverty and that farmers’ children constituted a high-risk group.

Citations

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  • Using zero-inflated and hurdle regression models to analyze schistosomiasis data of school children in the southern areas of Ghana
    Kojo Nketia, Dziedzom K. de Souza, Jean Coulibaly
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(7): e0304681.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Risk Factors of Schistosomiasis in Sudan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Yousef Alsaafin, Ayman Omer, Osama Felemban, Sarra Modawi, Maydolin Ibrahim, Abdullah Mohammed, Ammar Elfaki, Ahmed Abushara, Maryam A SalahEldin
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Identifying the risk factors of schistosomiasis in Indonesia
    Christine Christine, Herlina Susanto Sunuh, Fellysca Veronica Margareth Politon, Diana Vanda Daturara Doda
    Healthcare in Low-resource Settings.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,331 View
  • 217 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Prevalence and Intensity of Opisthorchis viverrini Metacercarial Infection in Fish from Phnom Penh, Takeo, and Kandal Provinces, Cambodia
Woon-Mok Sohn, Seung-Ho Choi, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Seungwan Ryoo, Taehee Chang, Keon Hoon Lee, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Jong Hong, Virak Khieu, Jong-Yil Chai
Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(5):531-536.
Published online October 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.5.531
The prevalence and intensity of Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae (OvMc) were investigated in fish from 3 southern administrative regions along the Mekong River in Cambodia, i.e., Phnom Penh, Takeo, and Kandal Provinces from 2017 to 2020. A total of 295 freshwater fish (24 species) were transported to our laboratory with ice and examined using the artificial digestion method. In Phnom Penh, among 4 fish species positive for OvMc, 9 (23.7%) of 38 specimens examined were infected, and their intensity of infection averaged 4.3 metacercariae per infected fish. In Takeo Province, among 10 fish species positive for OvMc, 24 (38.1%) out of 63 fish examined were infected, and their intensity of infection was av. 14.4 metacercariae per infected fish. In particular, all of 3 Osteochilus schlegelii fish examined were infected, and their infection intensity was high, 34.7 metacercariae per fish. In Kandal Province, among 6 fish species positive for OvMc, 46 (90.2%) out of 51 specimens examined were infected, and their infection intensity was 24.0 metacercaraie per infected fish. All fish of Systomus orphoides (n=17), Barbonymus altus (n=14), and Rasbora aurotaenia (n=2) were infected, and their intensity of infection averaged 37.7, 21.6, and 18.5 metacercariae per fish, respectively. Metacercariae of Haplochis yokogawai, Haplorchis taichui, and Centrocestus formosanus were detected in fish from Takeo and Kandal Provinces. From these results, it has been confirmed that a variety of fish species from Phnom Penh, Takeo, and Kandal Provinces are commonly infected with OvMc, and preventive measures to avoid human O. viverrini infection should be performed in Cambodia.

Citations

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  • Biological Hazards and Indicators Found in Products of Animal Origin in Cambodia from 2000 to 2022: A Systematic Review
    Shwe Phue San, Rortana Chea, Delia Grace, Kristina Roesel, Sothyra Tum, Stephen Young, Tumnoon Charaslertrangsi, Nazanin Zand, Shetty Seetharama Thombathu, Ra Thorng, Leab Kong, Kuok Fidero, Linda Nicolaides
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2024; 21(12): 1621.     CrossRef
  • Re‐evaluation of certain aspects of the EFSA Scientific Opinion of April 2010 on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products, based on new scientific data. Part 2
    Ana Allende, Avelino Alvarez‐Ordóñez, Valeria Bortolaia, Sara Bover‐Cid, Alessandra De Cesare, Wietske Dohmen, Laurent Guillier, Lieve Herman, Liesbeth Jacxsens, Maarten Nauta, Lapo Mughini‐Gras, Jakob Ottoson, Luisa Peixe, Fernando Perez‐Rodriguez, Panag
    EFSA Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,681 View
  • 110 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Acanthoparyphium shinanense n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Experimental Chicks Infected with Metacercariae Encysted in Brackish Water Clams in the Republic of Korea
Seungwan Ryoo, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(4):341-353.
Published online August 18, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.341
Acanthoparyphium shinanense n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) is described from chicks experimentally infected with the metacercariae encysted in 2 brackish water clam species, Ruditapes philippinarum and Coecella chinensis, in the Republic of Korea. The metacercariae were round to oval, armed with 23 collar spines, and 0.216 (0.203-0.226) mm in diameter. From 5 chicks experimentally infected each with 200 metacercariae, 34 juvenile (5-day-old worms) and 104 adult flukes (7-day-old worms) were harvested from their small intestines, with the average worm recovery rate of 13.8%. The adult flukes were 3.18 (2.89-3.55) mm long and 0.68 (0.61-0.85) mm wide, with an elongated, posteriorly tapering body, and a prominent head collar armed with 23 collar spines arranged in a single uninterrupted row. The posterior testis of A. shinanense was longitudinally elongated, which is similar to Acanthoparyphium spinulosum Johnston, 1917 but unique from the other closely related species, including Acanthoparyphium tyosenense Yamaguti, 1939, Acanthoparyphium kurogamo Yamaguti, 1939, and Acanthoparyphium marilae Yamaguti, 1934. The eggs of A. shinanense were larger than those of A. spinulosum, and the anterior extent of 2 lateral groups of vitellaria was slightly more limited in A. shinanense than in A. spinulosum. Molecular analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes revealed low homology with A. spinulosum from USA (96.1% in 5.8S rRNA) and Ukraine (97.9% in 28S rRNA), Acanthoparyphium n. sp. from USA (98.0% in 28S rRNA), and Acanthoparyphium sp. from Australia, Kuwait, and New Zealand. Biological characteristics, including its first intermediate host and natural definitive hosts, as well as its zoonotic capability, should be elucidated.

Citations

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  • Supplemental Description of Caballerotrema annulatum (Diesing, 1850) Ostrowski de Núñez and Sattmann, 2002 (Digenea: Caballerotrematidae) from a New Host (Electrophorus Cf. Varii) and Locality (Amazon River, Colombia) with Phylogenetic Analysis and Emende
    Kamila Cajiao-Mora, John H. Brule, Haley R. Dutton, Stephen A. Bullard
    Journal of Parasitology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,921 View
  • 123 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Risk Factors of Clonorchis sinensis Human Infections in Endemic Areas, Haman-Gun, Republic of Korea: A Case-Control Study
Sang-Eun Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Myoung-Ro Lee, Yang-Hee Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju
Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(6):647-652.
Published online December 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.647
Clonorchis sinensis is the most common fish-borne intestinal parasite in Korea. The aim of the present investigation was to survey the status of C. sinensis infection and analyze associated risk factors in residents of Haman-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. A total of 5,114 residents from 10 administrative towns/villages voluntarily agreed to participate in the study, which comprised fecal examination, a questionnaire survey for risk factors, ultrasonography, and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for cancer biomarker detection in the blood. We detected C. sinensis eggs in 5.3% of the subjects. By region, Gunbuk-myeon had the highest number of residents with C. sinensis eggs. The infection rate and intensity were higher in male than in female residents. Based on the risk factor questionnaire, infection was highly associated with drinking, a history of C. sinensis infection, and the practice of eating of raw freshwater fish. Extension of the bile duct, infection intensity, and cancer biomarker detection significantly correlated with the presence of eggs in the study population. In conclusion, the development of feasible, long-term control policies and strategies for the elimination of C. sinensis in Korea is still required.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Epidemiology and risk factors of Clonorchis sinensis infection in the mountainous areas of Longsheng County, Guangxi: insights from automated machine learning
    Xiaowen Li, Yu Chen, Guoyang Huang, Xuerong Sun, Gang Mo, Xiaohong Peng
    Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and risk factors of fish-borne zoonotic trematode infections in a rural community: A cross-sectional study in the Red River Delta of Vietnam
    Hoang Dinh Canh, Cao Ba Loi, Nguyen Van Tuan, Nguyen Van Thoai, Nguyen Duc Tan, Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh, Vu Van Du, Do Ngoc Anh
    Journal of Public Health Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Assessing trends in clonorchiasis incidence via prescription data analysis in South Korea
    Taeksang Lee, Jun Hyun Lee, Hanna Jin, Yun Kyung Lee, Hyun Beom Song
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis: epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, morbidity, diagnosis, treatment, and control
    Men-Bao Qian, Jennifer Keiser, Jürg Utzinger, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Graeme N. Forrest
    Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Infection characteristics of Metagonimus species (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae in fish from major rivers of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Age, period, and cohort effects of Clonorchis sinensis infection prevalence in the Republic of Korea: Insights and projections
    Sung-mok Jung, Heewon Kang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sejin Ju, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jong-hun Kim, Sung Hye Kim, Ran Wang
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(10): e0012574.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors for Clonorchis sinensis infections and control measures reinforced with focused interviews
    Soon-Ok Lee, Fuhong Dai, Eun Joo Park, Yun Pyo Hong, Fu-Shi Quan, Jin-Ho Song, Sung-Jong Hong
    Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Infection Characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(2): 79.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiology and determinants of Clonorchis sinensis infection: A community-based study in southeastern China
    Men-Bao Qian, Chang-Hai Zhou, Zhi-Hua Jiang, Yi-Chao Yang, Ming-Fei Lu, Kang Wei, Si-Liang Wei, Yu Chen, Hong-Mei Li, Xiao-Nong Zhou
    Acta Tropica.2022; 233: 106545.     CrossRef
  • Status of Helminthic Infections in Residents around River Basins in the Republic of Korea for 10 Years (2011-2020)
    Myoung-Ro Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Seon-Ok Back, Young-Ju Lee, Hee-Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(3): 187.     CrossRef
  • Clonorchis sinensis infection modulates key cytokines for essential immune response impacted by sex
    Shuo Kan, Qi Li, Hong-Mei Li, Yan-Hua Yao, Xin-Yue Du, Chen-Yun Wu, Guang-Jie Chen, Xiao-Kui Guo, Men-Bao Qian, Zhao-Jun Wang, jong-Yil Chai
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(9): e0010726.     CrossRef
  • Foodborne Parasites and Their Complex Life Cycles Challenging Food Safety in Different Food Chains
    Sarah Gabriël, Pierre Dorny, Ganna Saelens, Veronique Dermauw
    Foods.2022; 12(1): 142.     CrossRef
  • Novel mechanism of hepatobiliary system damage and immunoglobulin G4 elevation caused by Clonorchis sinensis infection
    Xin-He Zhang, Die Huang, Yi-Ling Li, Bing Chang
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2021; 9(23): 6639.     CrossRef
  • Cost yield of different treatment strategies against Clonorchis sinensis infection
    Men-Bao Qian, Chang-Hai Zhou, Hui-Hui Zhu, Ying-Dan Chen, Xiao-Nong Zhou
    Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 6,487 View
  • 102 Download
  • 14 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Morphology and Molecular Identification of Echinostoma revolutum and Echinostoma macrorchis in Freshwater Snails and Experimental Hamsters in Upper Northern Thailand
Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Chalobol Wongsawad, Pheravut Wongsawad, Jong-Yil Chai
Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):499-511.
Published online October 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.499
Echinostome metacercariae were investigated in freshwater snails from 26 districts in 7 provinces of upper northern Thailand. The species identification was carried out based on the morphologies of the metacercariae and adult flukes harvested from experimental hamsters, and on nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes. Twenty-four out of 26 districts were found to be infected with echinostome metacercariae in freshwater snails with the prevalence of 40.4%. The metacercariae were found in all 6 species of snails, including Filopaludina martensi martensi (21.9%), Filopaludina doliaris (50.8%), F. sumatrensis polygramma (61.3%), Bithynia siamensis siamensis (14.5%), Bithynia pulchella (38.0%), and Anenthome helena (4.9%). The echinostome metacercariae found in these snails were identified as Echinostoma revolutum (37-collar-spined) and Echinostoma macrorchis (45-collar-spined) morphologically and molecularly. The 2-week-old adult flukes of E. revolutum revealed unique features of the cirrus sac extending to middle of the ventral sucker and smooth testes. E. macrorchis adults revealed the cirrus sac close to the right lateral margin of the ventral sucker and 2 large and elliptical testes with slight indentations and pointed posterior end of the posterior testis. The ITS2 and nad1 sequences confirmed the species identification of E. revolutum, and the sequences of E. macrorchis have been deposited for the first time in Gen-Bank. The presence of the life cycle of E. macrorchis is a new record in Thailand and the snail F. doliaris as their second intermediate host seems to be new among the literature.

Citations

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  • Filling the void: Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of helminths assemblage from the Egyptian egret Bubulcus ibis
    Nada A. Ibrahim, Ismail M. Shalaby, Mahi A. Ghobashy, Azza A. Taeleb, Elham A. Elkhawass
    Parasitology International.2025; 104: 102972.     CrossRef
  • The Nuclear Ribosomal Transcription Units of Two Echinostomes and Their Taxonomic Implications for the Family Echinostomatidae
    Yu Cao, Ye Li, Zhong-Yan Gao, Bo-Tao Jiang
    Biology.2025; 14(8): 1101.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Foodborne Trematodes in Small Indigenous Fish Species in Local Markets of Phnom Penh, Cambodia
    Domenico Caruso, Lin Kong, Samnang Keo, Sreyni Yoeurn, Samphal Seng
    Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2024; 24(3): 141.     CrossRef
  • Morphological and molecular characteristics of Paralecithodendrium longiforme (Digenea: Lecithodendriidae) adults and cercariae from Chinese pipistrelle bats and viviparid snails in Thailand
    Thitichai Arttra, Pheravut Wongsawad, Chalobol Wongsawad, Nattawadee Nantarat, Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Jong-Yil Chai
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 85.     CrossRef
  • Development and utilization of a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay for rapid detection of Echinostomatidae metacercaria in edible snail samples
    Wasin Panich, Phonkawin Jaruboonyakorn, Awika Raksaman, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
    International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 418: 110732.     CrossRef
  • Genetic diversity and population structure of the helminths intermediate host Anentome helena (von dem Busch, 1847) in northern Thailand
    Nithinan Chomchoei, Chalobol Wongsawad, Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Nattawadee Nantarat
    Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2024; 17(12): 536.     CrossRef
  • Morphological and DNA analyses reveal cryptic diversity in Anentome wykoffi (Brandt, 1974) (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand
    Nithinan Chomchoei, Thierry Backeljau, Piyatida Pimvichai, Ting Hui Ng, Nattawadee Nantarat, Gonzalo Giribet
    Invertebrate Systematics.2023; 37(11): 755.     CrossRef
  • High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
    Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai, Watchariya Purivirojkul
    Parasitology.2022; 149(7): 913.     CrossRef
  • Unwanted ‘hitchhikers’ of ornamental snails: a case report of digeneans transported via the international pet trade
    A. Stanicka, R. Maciaszek, A. Cichy, J. Templin, W. Świderek, E. Żbikowska, A. M. Labecka
    The European Zoological Journal.2022; 89(1): 601.     CrossRef
  • Morphological and molecular characterization of larval trematodes infecting the assassin snail genusAnentomein Thailand
    N. Chomchoei, T. Backeljau, B. Segers, C. Wongsawad, P. Butboonchoo, N. Nantarat
    Journal of Helminthology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 10,037 View
  • 234 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Brief Communication

Identification of Free-Living Amoebas in Tap Water of Buildings with Storage Tanks in Korea
Da-In Lee, Sung Hee Park, Jong Hwan Baek, Jee Won Yoon, Soo Im Jin, Kwang Eon Han, Hak Sun Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):191-194.
Published online April 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.191
Free-living amoebas (FLAs) can cause severe disease in humans and animals when they become infected. However, there are no accurate survey reports on the prevalence of FLAs in Korea. In this study, we collected 163 tap water samples from buildings, apartments, and restrooms of highway service areas in 7 Korean provinces with high population density. All these buildings and facilities have water storage tanks in common. The survey was separated into categories of buildings, apartments, and highway service areas. Five hundred milliliters of tap water from each building was collected and filtered with 0.2 ?m pore filter paper. The filters were incubated in agar plates with heated E. coli at 25°C. After axenization, genomic DNA was collected from each FLA, and species classification was performed using partial 18S-rDNA PCR-sequencing analysis. We found that 12.9% of tap water from buildings with storage tanks in Korea was contaminated with FLAs. The highway service areas had the highest contamination rate at 33.3%. All of the FLAs, except one, were genetically similar to Vermamoeba vermiformis (Hartmannella vermiformis). The remaining FLA (KFA21) was very similar to Acanthamoeba lugdunensis (KA/E26). Although cases of human infection by V. vermiformis are very rare, we must pay attention to the fact that one-third of tap water supplies in highway service areas have been contaminated.

Citations

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  • A socioenvironmental approach to the nosogenic potential of freshwaters with presence of thermotolerant free-living amoebae in Costa Rica
    Johan Alvarado-Ocampo, Juan José Romero Zúñiga, Julián Castro, Frida Chaves Monge, Marco Ruiz Campos, Alexa Bustamante Cortés, Elizabeth Abrahams Sandí, Lissette Retana Moreira
    Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Presence and diversity of free-living amoebae and their potential application as water quality indicators
    Areum Choi, Ji Won Seong, Jeong Hyun Kim, Jun Young Lee, Hyun Jae Cho, Shin Ae Kang, Mi Kyung Park, Mi Jin Jeong, Seo Yeong Choi, Yu Jin Jeong, Hak Sun Yu
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(2): 180.     CrossRef
  • A Narrative Review of Acanthamoeba Isolates in Malaysia: Challenges in Infection Management and Natural Therapeutic Advancements
    Mohammad Wisman Abdul Hamid, Roslaini Bin Abd Majid, Victor Fiezal Knight Victor Ernest, Nik Noorul Shakira Mohamed Shakrin, Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah, Mainul Haque
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Proper Management for Rigid Gas Permeable Contact and Orthokeratology Lens
    Kyu Young Shim, Jong Hwa Jun
    Annals of Optometry and Contact Lens.2023; 22(1): 7.     CrossRef
  • Well water sources simultaneous contamination with Cryptosporidium and Acanthamoeba in East-Southeast Asia and Acanthamoeba spp. in biofilms in the Philippines
    Frederick R. Masangkay, Giovanni D. Milanez, Joseph D. Dionisio, Luzelle Anne G.-L. Ormita, Abel V. Alvarez, Panagiotis Karanis
    Science of The Total Environment.2022; 837: 155752.     CrossRef
  • Recognition of Cell Wall Mannosylated Components as a Conserved Feature for Fungal Entrance, Adaptation and Survival Within Trophozoites of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Murine Macrophages
    Marina da Silva Ferreira, Susana Ruiz Mendoza, Diego de Souza Gonçalves, Claudia Rodríguez-de la Noval, Leandro Honorato, Leonardo Nimrichter, Luís Felipe Costa Ramos, Fábio C. S. Nogueira, Gilberto B. Domont, José Mauro Peralta, Allan J. Guimarães
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Free-living amoebae in an oil refinery wastewater treatment facility
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Case Report

A Case of Unexpected Clinostomum complanatum Infection Initially Presenting as Foreign Body in Pharynx
Hyunjung Kim, Sung-Weon Cho, Harim Oh, Hyung Kwon Byeon
Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(2):175-177.
Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.2.175
A 46-year old man visited our outpatient clinic with complaint of foreign body sensation in throat after consuming raw freshwater fish 5 days ago. Laryngoscopic examination revealed a motile worm attached on posterior pharyngeal wall. The worm was removed using biopsy forceps under transnasal endoscopy and evidently identified as Clinostomum complanatum after microscopic examination. Patient’s subjective foreign body sensation of throat and hyperemia of laryngeal mucosa remained for approximately 2 weeks post-removal, which were eventually resolved after administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and anti-refluxant drug for 2 weeks. Treatment was ended at three weeks since the first visit. C. complanatum infections in humans are rare, and only four cases have been reported in Korea. Symptoms resembling pharyngitis or laryngitis occurs by consumption of raw, infected freshwater fish and treatment is done by mechanically removing the parasite.

Citations

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  • The first case of human invasion by Clinostomum complanatum in the European part of Russia
    Larisa Ermakova, Sergey Kozlov, Sergey Nagorny, Natalia Golovchenko, Victoria Telicheva, Julia Kiosova, Marina Zotova, Natalia Pshenichnaya
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  • Genetic Diversity and Population Dynamics of Clinostomum spp. Using Comprehensive Bioinformatics Approaches
    Sk Injamamul Islam, Mohamed H. Hamad, Wanarit Jitsamai, Channarong Rodkhum, Piyanan Taweethavonsawat, Mohammed El-Magd
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  • Can avian flyways reflect dispersal barriers of clinostomid parasites? First evidence from the mitogenome of Clinostomum complanatum
    Marlies Monnens, Ali Halajian, D. Tim J. Littlewood, Andrew G. Briscoe, Tom Artois, Maarten P.M. Vanhove
    Gene.2023; 851: 146952.     CrossRef
  • Clinostomum complanatum: Anthelmintic potential of curcumin on the infective progenetic metacercarial stage
    Lubna Rehman, Rizwan Ullah, Abdur Rehman, M.A. Hannan Khan, Mirza Ahmar Beg, Sobia Wasim, Faiza Farhat, P A Shareef Ahammed, S.M.A. Abidi
    Experimental Parasitology.2023; 249: 108514.     CrossRef
  • Case report of laryngeal infection by Clinostomum complanatum 24 days after ingestion of raw fish
    Hyun-Gyu Kim, Ji-Hee Han, Ji-Yoon Kwak, Han Kyu Jeon, Sang-Soo Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Seul Ki Song, Byoung-Kuk Na, Ra-Ri Cha
    Medicine.2023; 102(22): e34000.     CrossRef
  • Occurrence of digenean parasites in freshwater snails in the Murrumbidgee catchment area, Australia
    Shokoofeh Shamsi, Alice Banfield, Nidhish Francis, Diane P. Barton, Matthew McLellan
    Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2023; 32: e00202.     CrossRef
  • Integrative analysis of new Clinostomum metacercariae (Digenea, Clinostomidae) using COI mtDNA and morphology rises the number of lineages found in South American freshwater fishes
    M.M. Montes, I. García, J.M. Paredes del Puerto, J.A. Barneche, M. Ibañez Shimabukuro, G.F. Reig Cardarella, S.R. Martorelli, G. Pérez Ponce de León
    Journal of Helminthology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Occurrence of Freshwater Fish-Borne Zoonotic Helminths in Italy and Neighbouring Countries: A Systematic Review
    Vasco Menconi, Elena Lazzaro, Michela Bertola, Lisa Guardone, Matteo Mazzucato, Marino Prearo, Ewa Bilska-Zajac, Luana Cortinovis, Amedeo Manfrin, Giuseppe Arcangeli, Giorgia Angeloni
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  • A case of tonsillitis caused by parasitization of Clinostomum complanatum
    Sergei S. Kozlov, Larisa A. Ermakova, Vladimir S. Turitsin, Marina A. Zotova
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    Silvia Gonçalves Mesquita, Elena Birgitta Lugli, Giovanni Matera, Cristina Toscano Fonseca, Roberta Lima Caldeira, Bonnie Webster
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  • Molecular data reveal hidden diversity of the genus Clinostomum (Digenea, Clinostomidae) in Argentina, with the description of a new species from Ardea cocoi (Ardeidae)
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    Parasitology Research.2021; 120(8): 2779.     CrossRef
  • Pathology associated with three newClinostomummetacercariae from Argentina with morphological and DNA barcode identification
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    Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A multiplex PCR protocol for rapid differential identification of four families of trematodes with medical and veterinary importance transmitted by Biomphalaria Preston, 1910 snails
    Silvia Gonçalves Mesquita, Gabriela Flávia Rodrigues-Luiz, João Luís Reis-Cunha, Mariana Santos Cardoso, Cristiane Lafetá Furtado De Mendonça, Lilian Lacerda Bueno, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara, Hudson Alves Pinto, Roberta Lima Caldeira, Daniella Castanheira B
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  • Digestive tract trematodiases (invasions caused by intestinal flukes)
    S. B. Chuyelov, A. L. Rossina
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  • Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Clinostomid Metacercariae from Korea and Myanmar
    Eun Jeong Won, Yu Jeong Lee, Moon-Ju Kim, Jong-Yil Chai, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 635.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Clinostomum complanatum Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Nakdong-gang (River) in Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(4): 389.     CrossRef
  • A study of the endohelminths of the European perch Perca fluviatilis L. from the central region of the Danube river basin in Slovakia
    Ľudmila Juhásová, Alžbeta Radačovská, Eva Bazsalovicsova, Dana Miklisová, Marcela Bindzárová-Gereľová, Ivica Králová-Hromadová
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Brief Communication

Identification and Genotypic Characterization of Potentially Pathogenic Acanthamoeba Isolated from Tap Water in Wuxi, China
Meixu Wang, Guangxu Sun, Yangkai Sun, Xiaomin You, Xiaoxue Li, Yang Cheng, Yinghua Xuan
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(6):615-618.
Published online December 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.615
Members of genus Acanthamoeba are widely distributed in the environment. Some are pathogenic and cause keratitis and fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. In this study, we isolated an Acanthamoeba CJW/W1 strain from tap water in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China. Its 18S rDNA was sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The isolated cysts belonged to morphologic group II. Comparison of 18S rDNA sequences of CJW/W1 strain and other isolates showed high similarity (99.7%) to a clinical isolate Asp, KA/E28. A phylogeny analysis confirmed this isolate belonged to the pathogenic genotype T4, the most common strain associated with Acanthamoeba-related diseases. This is the first report of an Acanthamoeba strain isolated from tap water in Wuxi, China. Acanthamoeba could be a public health threat to the contact lens wearers and, therefore, its prevalence should be monitored.

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    Sebastian Alexander Scharf, Lennart Friedrichs, Robert Bock, Maria Borrelli, Colin MacKenzie, Klaus Pfeffer, Birgit Henrich
    Microorganisms.2024; 12(11): 2292.     CrossRef
  • Well water sources simultaneous contamination with Cryptosporidium and Acanthamoeba in East-Southeast Asia and Acanthamoeba spp. in biofilms in the Philippines
    Frederick R. Masangkay, Giovanni D. Milanez, Joseph D. Dionisio, Luzelle Anne G.-L. Ormita, Abel V. Alvarez, Panagiotis Karanis
    Science of The Total Environment.2022; 837: 155752.     CrossRef
  • Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of free-living amoeba (Naegleria and Acanthamoeba) from treated and untreated drinking water
    Omid Ahmadi, Yousef Sharifi, Nazgol Khosravinia, Elham Moghaddas, Mohammad Akhoundi, Reza Fotouhi-Ardakani, Jaber Asadi, Amir Hossein Mohamadzade, Ghodratolah Salehi Sangani, Hamed Mirjalali, Mehdi Zarean
    Gene Reports.2021; 25: 101328.     CrossRef
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  • 110 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
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Original Articles

Freshwater Snail Diversity in Mae Lao Agricultural Basin (Chiang Rai, Thailand) with a Focus on Larval Trematode Infections
Kittichai Chantima, Krittawit Suk-ueng, Mintra Kampan
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):247-257.
Published online June 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.247
The aim of this study was to conduct a freshwater snail survey in Mae Lao agricultural basin to assess the diversity with a focus on habitat types and their larval trematode infections. Snails were collected and examined in 14 sites of Mae Lao agricultural basin from August 2016 to October 2017. A total of 1,688 snail individuals were collected and classified into 7 families, 8 genera, and 12 species. Snail diversity and habitat types were higher in rice paddies than irrigation canals and streams. The most abundant species was Bithynia siamensis siamensis, representing 54.6% of the sample. Three species of snails act as first intermediate host were found with cercarial infections. They were Filopaludina sumatrensis polygramma, B. s. siamensis, and Melanoides tuberculata. The cercariae were categorized into 7 types; echinostome, monostome, gymnocephalous, virgulate, parapleurolophocercous, pleurolophocercous and megalurous cercariae. Parapleurolophocercous cercariae constituted the most common type of cercariae recovered, contributing 41.2% of all infections in snails. Echinostome metacercariae infections were found in 6 snail species with 7.6% prevalence. In addition, the metacercaria of avian trematode, Thapariella sp. were found in Filopaludina spp. snails and B. funiculata with a prevalence of 0.5%. This is the first report for Thapariella metacercariae in the snail host, B. funiculata, and also confirmed that viviparid and bithyniid snails act as the second intermediate hosts of this trematode. This work will provide new information on the distribution and intermediate host of trematode in this area.

Citations

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  • Aestivation and its impact on the survival of snail intermediate hosts and trematode transmission in rice paddies
    K. Chantima, K. Suk-ueng, T. Tananoi, T. Prasertsin
    Journal of Helminthology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and utilization of a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay for rapid detection of Echinostomatidae metacercaria in edible snail samples
    Wasin Panich, Phonkawin Jaruboonyakorn, Awika Raksaman, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
    International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 418: 110732.     CrossRef
  • Study on the prevalence of trematode cercariae infection in freshwater snails in Manipur, India
    Umananda Yumnam, T. Shantikumar Singh, Karma Gyurmey Dolma
    Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2024; 48(4): 950.     CrossRef
  • Infection status and species diversity of trematode cercariae in freshwater snails from canal networks in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand
    Phuphitchan Rachprakhon, Watchariya Purivirojkul
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(4): 461.     CrossRef
  • Genetic diversity and population structure of the helminths intermediate host Anentome helena (von dem Busch, 1847) in northern Thailand
    Nithinan Chomchoei, Chalobol Wongsawad, Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Nattawadee Nantarat
    Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2024; 17(12): 536.     CrossRef
  • Morphological and DNA analyses reveal cryptic diversity in Anentome wykoffi (Brandt, 1974) (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand
    Nithinan Chomchoei, Thierry Backeljau, Piyatida Pimvichai, Ting Hui Ng, Nattawadee Nantarat, Gonzalo Giribet
    Invertebrate Systematics.2023; 37(11): 755.     CrossRef
  • High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
    Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai, Watchariya Purivirojkul
    Parasitology.2022; 149(7): 913.     CrossRef
  • Unwanted ‘hitchhikers’ of ornamental snails: a case report of digeneans transported via the international pet trade
    A. Stanicka, R. Maciaszek, A. Cichy, J. Templin, W. Świderek, E. Żbikowska, A. M. Labecka
    The European Zoological Journal.2022; 89(1): 601.     CrossRef
  • Molecular identification of trematode parasites infecting the freshwater snail Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos in Thailand
    O. Pitaksakulrat, P. Sithithaworn, K.Y. Kopolrat, N. Kiatsopit, W. Saijuntha, R.H. Andrews, T.N. Petney, D. Blair
    Journal of Helminthology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Morphological and molecular characterization of larval trematodes infecting the assassin snail genusAnentomein Thailand
    N. Chomchoei, T. Backeljau, B. Segers, C. Wongsawad, P. Butboonchoo, N. Nantarat
    Journal of Helminthology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cercarial trematodes in freshwater snails from Bangkok, Thailand: prevalence, morphological and molecular studies and human parasite perspective
    Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Watchariya Purivirojkul
    Parasitology.2021; 148(3): 366.     CrossRef
  • The prevalence of cercarial infection and development of a duplex PCR for detection of the cercarial stage of Haplorchis taichui and H. pumilio in first intermediate hosts from Chai Nat province, Thailand
    Chadaporn Dunghungzin, Thapana Chontananarth
    Acta Tropica.2021; 214: 105795.     CrossRef
  • Abundance and annual distribution of freshwater snails and some trematode cercariae at Damietta Governorate, Egypt
    M. E. El-Zeiny, A. M. Ghoneim, O. A. Abu Samak, A. A. Khidr
    Helminthologia.2021; 58(3): 233.     CrossRef
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    K. Chantima, C. Rika
    Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Chalobol Wongsawad, Pheravut Wongsawad, Jong-Yil Chai
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 499.     CrossRef
  • 16,350 View
  • 398 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
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Infection Status with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Tamjin-gang (River) in Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
Ki-Bok Yoon, Hyun-Cheol Lim, Doo Young Jeon, Sook Park, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Sung-Shik Shin, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(2):183-188.
Published online April 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.183
The present study was performed to investigate the infection status with Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae (CsMc) in fishes from 2 sites, the middle and lower reaches, of Tamjin-gang (River) in Jeollanam-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 1,132 fishes in 22 species were collected from the middle reaches in Jangheung-gun for 4 years (2014-2017) and 517 fishes in 17 species were also collected from the lower reaches in Gangjin-gun in 2014 and 2017. They were all individually examined with the artificial digestion method in our laboratory. CsMc were detected in 322 (28.5%) out of 1,132 fishes from Jangheung-gun, and in 161 (31.1%) out of 517 fishes from Gangjin-gun, and their densities were 51 and 57 per fish infected each. In the fish species with CsMc, positive rates were 61.5% in Jangheung-gun and 62.7% in Gangjin-gun. A total of 222 Pungtungia herzi were examined and they were all infected with CsMc. The average intensity was 103 CsMc in the index fish, P. herzi (95 in Jangheung-gun and 121 in Gangjin-gun). In P. herzi bimonthly examined in 2017, the intensity was commonly most higher in March in 2 surveyed sites, however the significant seasonal endemicity was not showed. Conclusively, it was confirmed that CsMc is more or less prevalent in fishes from Tamjin-gang and their endemicity is higher in fish from the lower reaches in Gangjin-gun than the middle reaches in Jangheung-gun in Jeollanam-do, Korea.

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  • Zoonotic human liver flukes, a type 1 biocarcinogen, in freshwater fishes: genetic analysis and confirmation of molluscan vectors and reservoir hosts in Bangladesh
    Sharmin Shahid Labony, Md. Abdul Alim, Muhammad Mehedi Hasan, Md. Shahadat Hossain, Sharmin Akter, Joydeep Paul, Thahsin Farjana, Md. Haydar Ali, Mohammad Zahangir Alam, Takeshi Hatta, Hayato Kawada, Keiko Mizutani, Naotoshi Tsuji, Anisuzzaman
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    Woon-Mok Sohn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(2): 79.     CrossRef
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    Won Gi Yoo, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
    Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1296.     CrossRef
  • Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Geum-gang (River) in Republic of Korea
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    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 23.     CrossRef
  • High Endemicity with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Yongjeon-cheon (Stream) in Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Gou Ok Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 97.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Infection Intensity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Soyang-cheon (Stream), in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
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    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 265.     CrossRef
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    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Eun-Joo Lim, Sung Yong Son, Eunmi Ko, Jaeseok Choi
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 427.     CrossRef
  • Endemicity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Deokcheon-gang (River) in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jeong-Gil Park, Jihee Ahn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(5): 523.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in fish in South‐East Asia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
    Ying Zhang, Qing‐Long Gong, Qing‐Bo Lv, Yang‐Yuan Qiu, Yan‐Chun Wang, Hong‐Yu Qiu, Xin‐Rui Guo, Jun‐Feng Gao, Qiao‐Cheng Chang, Chun‐Ren Wang
    Journal of Fish Diseases.2020; 43(11): 1409.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Yangcheon (Stream) in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(2): 145.     CrossRef
  • Infections with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fishes from Two Visiting Sites of Migratory Birds in Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 273.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Clinostomum complanatum Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Nakdong-gang (River) in Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(4): 389.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Fishes from Coastal Lakes in Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Soon-Won Lee
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 681.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Metagonimus spp. Metacercariae in Fishes from Seomjin-gang and Tamjin-gang in Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Ki-Bok Yoon
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 351.     CrossRef
  • Infections with Digenean Trematode Metacercariae in Two Invasive Alien Fish, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus, in Two Rivers in Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
    Seongjun Choe, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Yeseul Kang, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 509.     CrossRef
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  • 115 Download
  • 16 Web of Science
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Molecular Identification of Sarcocystis grueneri in Wild Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus)
Hye-won Kim, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Si-Yun Ryu, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Do-Hyeon Yu, Jinho Park, Joon-Seok Chae, Bae-Keun Park
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(2):129-134.
Published online April 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.129
The cysts of Sarcocystis grueneri were detected and characterized from the cardiac muscles of the Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Of the 38 heart muscle samples examined by light microscopy, 10 were found infected with the cysts of Sarcocystis sp. The cysts appeared oval to spherical shape and measured 110-380 μm in length and 90-170 μm in width. A phylogenetic tree of the 18S rRNA sequences (1.5 kb) revealed a close relationship of the infected cysts to genus Sarcocystis. The 18S rRNA sequence of the infected cysts showed 100% identity to S. grueneri and 97% to S. capracanis. Here, we first report the S. grueneri infections in the Korean water deer.

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Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Environmental Water Contamination in a Rural Village of Northern Lao PDR
Alexis Ribas, Chlo? Jollivet, Serge Morand, Boupha Thongmalayvong, Silaphet Somphavong, Chern-Chiang Siew, Pei-Jun Ting, Saipin Suputtamongkol, Viengsaene Saensombath, Surapol Sanguankiat, Boon-Huan Tan, Phimpha Paboriboune, Kongsap Akkhavong, Kittipong Chaisiri
Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(5):523-532.
Published online October 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.523
A field survey studying intestinal parasites in humans and microbial pathogen contamination at environment was performed in a Laotian rural village to identify potential risks for disease outbreaks. A parasitological investigation was conducted in Ban Lak Sip village, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR involving fecal samples from 305 inhabitants as well as water samples taken from 3 sites of the local stream. Water analysis indicated the presence of several enteric pathogens, i.e., Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., E. coli H7, E. coli O157: H7, verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC), Shigella spp., and enteric adenovirus. The level of microbial pathogens contamination was associated with human activity, with greater levels of contamination found at the downstream site compared to the site at the village and upstream, respectively. Regarding intestinal parasites, the prevalence of helminth and protozoan infections were 68.9% and 27.2%, respectively. Eight helminth taxa were identified in fecal samples, i.e., 2 tapeworm species (Taenia sp. and Hymenolepis diminuta), 1 trematode (Opisthorchis sp.), and 5 nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, trichostrongylids, and hookworms). Six species of intestinal protists were identified, i.e., Blastocystis hominis, Cyclospora spp., Endolimax nana, Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, Entamoeba coli, and Giardia lamblia. Questionnaires and interviews were also conducted to determine risk factors of infection. These analyses together with a prevailing infection level suggested that most of villagers were exposed to parasites in a similar degree due to limited socio-economic differences and sharing of similar practices. Limited access to effective public health facilities is also a significant contributing factor.

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Brief Communication

Recent Incidence of Paragonimus westermani Metacercariae in Freshwater Crayfish, Cambaroides similis, from Two Enzootic Sites in Jeollanam-do, Korea
Jin-Ho Song, Fuhong Dai, Xuelian Bai, Tae-Im Kim, Hyun-Jong Yang, Tong-Soo Kim, Shin-Hyung Cho, Sung-Jong Hong
Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):347-350.
Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.347
An epidemiological study was performed to know the recent infection status of Paragonimus westermani metacercariae (PwMc) in freshwater crayfish, Cambaroides similis, from 2 streams in Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea. Crayfish were collected from creeks in Bogil-do (Island), Wando-gun, and in a creek near Daeheung Temple in Haenam-gun. The infection rate of crayfish with PwMc in Bogil-do was 89.8%, and the metacercarial burden was 37 PwMc per the infected crayfish. Crayfish in a creek near Daeheung Temple were larger and twice heavier than those in Bogil-do. Of them, 96.5% were infected with PwMc. An average of 140 metacercariae was found in the infected crayfish, almost quadruple to those of Bogil-do. There was a strong correlation between the number of PwMc and body weight of the crayfish. These results suggest that P. westermani metacercariae are still prevalent in crayfish of the 2 regions in Jeollanam-do, Korea.

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    Jin-Young Kim, Yong Ju Kwon, Ye Ji Kim, Yeong-Deok Han, Jung Soo Han, Chae Hui An, Yong Su Park, Dongsoo Kong
    Journal of Ecology and Environment.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Paragonimus skrjabini Complex from Yunnan, China: A Brief Report
    Qiu-Hong Shu, Shu-De Li, Ming Tian, Yong Meng, Shu-Mei-Qi He, Min Zhu, Miao-Miao Wang, Wen-Lin Wang
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Original Articles

Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Seomjin-gang (River)
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Mi-Yeoun Park, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Ki-Bok Yoon, Hyun-Cheol Lim
Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):305-312.
Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.305
The prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae (CsMc) was examined in freshwater fish from the water systems of Seomjin-gang (River), the Republic of Korea. Total 1,604 fish from 7 local sites of Seomjin-gang were examined by artificial digestion methods. The metacercariae of C. sinensis were detected in 102 (39.8%) out of 256 fish (14 species) from the upper reaches of Seomjin-gang, i.e., Osucheon (22.3% in 6 fish species) in Imsil-gun, and Seomjin-gang (63.9% in 9 fish species) in Sunchang-gun, Jeollabuk-do. Their average density was 9.0 per infected fish. They were also found in 132 (48.0%) out of 275 fish (12 spp.) from the middle reaches of Seomjin-gang, i.e., Songdaecheon (58.9% in 4 fish species) in Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do, and Seomjin-gang (45.2% in 10 fish species) in Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do. Their average density was 21.0 per infected fish. CsMc were detected in 77 (56.6%) out of 136 fish (11 species) from the lower reaches of Seomjin-gang, i.e., Seomjin-gang (73.3% in 11 fish species) in Gurye-gun, Jeollanam-do, and Namsancheon (8.6% in 1 fish species) in Hadong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. Their average density was 64.9 per infected fish. The metacercariae of Metorchis orientalis were also detected in 6 fish species from 4 sites of Seomjin-gang. Conclusively, it has been confirmed that CsMc are more or less prevalent in fish from some water systems of Seomjin-gang in Korea.

Citations

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  • Re‐evaluation of certain aspects of the EFSA Scientific Opinion of April 2010 on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products, based on new scientific data. Part 2
    Ana Allende, Avelino Alvarez‐Ordóñez, Valeria Bortolaia, Sara Bover‐Cid, Alessandra De Cesare, Wietske Dohmen, Laurent Guillier, Lieve Herman, Liesbeth Jacxsens, Maarten Nauta, Lapo Mughini‐Gras, Jakob Ottoson, Luisa Peixe, Fernando Perez‐Rodriguez, Panag
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    Woon-Mok Sohn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(2): 79.     CrossRef
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    Won Gi Yoo, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
    Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1296.     CrossRef
  • Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Geum-gang (River) in Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Jai-Dong Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 23.     CrossRef
  • High Endemicity with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Yongjeon-cheon (Stream) in Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Gou Ok Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 97.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Infection Intensity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Soyang-cheon (Stream), in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
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    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 265.     CrossRef
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    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 427.     CrossRef
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    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jeong-Gil Park, Jihee Ahn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(5): 523.     CrossRef
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    Food Control.2019; 104: 115.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Yangcheon (Stream) in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(2): 145.     CrossRef
  • Infections with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fishes from Two Visiting Sites of Migratory Birds in Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
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  • Infection Status with Clinostomum complanatum Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Nakdong-gang (River) in Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(4): 389.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Fishes from Coastal Lakes in Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Soon-Won Lee
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 681.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Intensity of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Wicheon Stream in Gunwi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Dong-Chul Son
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(1): 41.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Tamjin-gang (River) in Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
    Ki-Bok Yoon, Hyun-Cheol Lim, Doo Young Jeon, Sook Park, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Sung-Shik Shin, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(2): 183.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Metagonimus spp. Metacercariae in Fishes from Seomjin-gang and Tamjin-gang in Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Ki-Bok Yoon
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 351.     CrossRef
  • Infections with Digenean Trematode Metacercariae in Two Invasive Alien Fish, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus, in Two Rivers in Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
    Seongjun Choe, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Yeseul Kang, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 509.     CrossRef
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  • 142 Download
  • 19 Web of Science
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Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and the Relationship between Protozoa and Water Quality Indicators in Swimming Pools
Shumin Xiao, Pengna Yin, Yan Zhang, Sike Hu
Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(2):129-135.
Published online April 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.129
A total of 60 samples were collected from 35 swimming pools in Beijing, China, and the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia were investigated. The results showed that 16.7% and 15.0% of samples were positive for Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cysts, respectively, with a mean concentration of 0.30 oocysts/10 L and 0.27 cysts/10 L. The oocysts and cysts were found to have higher rates of occurrence in August than in May. Genotyping confirmed the presence of Cryptosporidium hominis, C. parvum, and Giardia assemblages A and B, all of which were associated with human infections. The predominant species/assemblages were C. hominis and Giardia assemblage A. Analyses of the relationships between parasite oocysts/cysts, indicator bacteria, and physical-chemical parameters revealed that there was no correlation between 2 parasites and fecal bacterial indicators, whilst there was a significant correlation between protozoa and urea concentration, which indicates that urea concentration rather than fecal bacterial indicators might be an appropriate index for chlorine-resistant protozoa in swimming pools. This study provides useful information to improve the safety of swimming pool water and deduce the risk of protozoan infections.

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Brief Communication

Fasciola hepatica: Infection Status of Freshwater Snails Collected from Gangwon-do (Province), Korea
Jae-Hyung Lee, Juan-Hua Quan, In-Wook Choi, Gab-Man Park, Guang-Ho Cha, Hyun-Ju Kim, Jae-Min Yuk, Young-Ha Lee
Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):95-98.
Published online February 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.95
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode that causes zoonosis, mainly in cattle and sheep, and occasionally in humans. Few recent studies have determined the infection status of this fluke in Korea. In August 2015, we collected 402 samples of freshwater snails at Hoenggye-ri (upper stream) and Suha-ri (lower stream) of Song-cheon (stream) in Daegwalnyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun in Gangwon-do (Province) near many large cattle or sheep farms. F. hepatica infection was determined using PCR on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2). Among the 402 samples, F. hepatica 1TS-2 marker was detected in 6 freshwater snails; thus, the overall prevalence in freshwater snails was 1.5%. The prevalence varied between collection areas, ranging from 0.0% at Hoenggye-ri to 2.9% at Suha-ri. However, F. gigantica ITS-2 was not detected in the 6 F. hepatica-positive samples by PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the 6 F. hepatica ITS-2 PCR-positive samples were 99.4% identical to the F. hepatica ITS-2 sequences in GenBank, whereas they were 98.4% similar to F. gigantica ITS-2 sequences. These results indicated that the prevalence of F. hepatica in snail intermediate hosts was 1.5% in Gangwon-do, Korea; however the prevalence varied between collection areas. These results may help us to understand F. hepatica infection status in natural environments.

Citations

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  • Epidemiology of Fasciola spp. in the intermediate host in China: A potential risk for fasciolosis transmission
    Ming Pan, Shao-Yuan Bai, Tian-Kai Ji, Yi-Min Fan, Dan-Dan Liu, Yi Yang, Jian-Ping Tao, Si-Yang Huang
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Original Article

Molecular Phylogenetics of Centrocestus formosanus (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Originated from Freshwater Fish from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
Chalobol Wongsawad, Pheravut Wongsawad, Kom Sukontason, Worawit Maneepitaksanti, Nattawadee Nantarat
Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):31-37.
Published online February 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.31
This study aimed to investigate the morphology and reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of Centrocestus formosanus originating from 5 species of freshwater fish, i.e., Esomus metallicus, Puntius brevis, Anabas testudineus, Parambassis siamensis, and Carassius auratus, in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and phylogeny based on internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) were performed. The results showed similar morphologies of adult C. formosanus from day 5 after infection in chicks. C. formosanus originated from 4 species of freshwater fish had the same number of circumoral spines on the oral sucker, except for those from C. auratus which revealed 34 circumoral spines. The phylogenetic tree obtained from SRAP profile and the combination of ITS2 and CO1 sequence showed similar results that were correlated with the number of circumoral spines in adult worms. Genetic variability of C. formosanus also occurred in different species of freshwater fish hosts. However, more details of adult worm morphologies and more sensitive genetic markers are needed to confirm the species validity of C. formosanus with 34 circumoral spines originating from C. auratus in the future.

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Brief Communications

Prevalence of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. in Ticks Collected from Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus)
Jun-Gu Kang, Sungjin Ko, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, Terry A. Klein, Jeong-Byoung Chae, Yong-Sun Jo, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Do-Hyeon Yu, Bae-Keun Park, Jinho Park, Joon-Seok Chae
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):87-91.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.87
Deer serve as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens that impact on medical and veterinary health worldwide. In the Republic of Korea, the population of Korean water deer (KWD, Hydropotes inermis argyropus) has greatly increased from 1982 to 2011, in part, as a result of reforestation programs established following the Korean War when much of the land was barren of trees. Eighty seven Haemaphysalis flava, 228 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 8 Ixodes nipponensis, and 40 Ixodes persulcatus (21 larvae, 114 nymphs, and 228 adults) were collected from 27 out of 70 KWD. A total of 89/363 ticks (266 pools, 24.5% minimum infection rate) and 5 (1.4%) fed ticks were positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum using nested PCR targeting the 16S rRNA and groEL genes, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences of 88/89 (98.9%) of positive samples for A. phagocytophilum corresponded to previously described gene sequences from KWD spleen tissues. The 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences of 20/363 (5.5%) of the ticks were positive for A. bovis and were identical to previously reported sequences. Using the ITS specific nested PCR, 11/363 (3.0%) of the ticks were positive for Bartonella spp. This is the first report of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. detected in ticks collected from KWD, suggesting that ticks are vectors of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. between reservoir hosts in natural surroundings.

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    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(6): 559.     CrossRef
  • Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of tick-borne pathogens in wild Korean water deer and farmed elk in Gyeongbuk and Gangwon Provinces of Korea
    Minkyo LEE, Min-Goo SEO, Seung-Hun LEE, In-Ohk OUH, Young-Hoan KIM, Joong-Kew KIM, Youn-Kyoung GOO, Man-Hee RHEE, Tae-Hwan KIM, Oh-Deog KWON, Dongmi KWAK
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2018; 80(9): 1473.     CrossRef
  • Francisella-Like Endosymbiont Detected in Haemaphysalis Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) From the Republic of Korea
    Ratree Takhampunya, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, Achareeya Korkusol, Bousaraporn Tippayachai, Silas A Davidson, Jeannine M Petersen, Terry A Klein
    Journal of Medical Entomology.2017; 54(6): 1735.     CrossRef
  • Molecular detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and tick-borne encephalitis viruses in ixodid ticks collected from vegetation, Republic of Korea, 2014
    Seok-Min Yun, Ye-Ji Lee, WooYoung Choi, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, Kyu-Sik Chang, Jordan M. Coburn, Terry A. Klein, Won-Ja Lee
    Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.2016; 7(5): 970.     CrossRef
  • Developing and testing a habitat suitability index model for Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) and its potential for landscape management decisions in Korea
    Jihyang Jung, Yo Shimizu, Kenji Omasa, Sungsu Kim, Sangdon Lee
    Animal Cells and Systems.2016; 20(4): 218.     CrossRef
  • 11,773 View
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  • Crossref
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection among Inhabitants of 2 Rural Areas in White Nile State, Sudan
Seobo Sim, Jae-Ran Yu, Young-Ha Lee, Jin-Su Lee, Hoo-Gn Jeong, Abd Al Wahab Saed Mohamed, Sung-Tae Hong
Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):745-747.
Published online December 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.745
Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite that causes watery diarrhea, is found worldwide and is common in areas with low water hygiene. In February 2014, 866 stool samples were collected from the inhabitants of 2 rural areas in White Nile State, Sudan. These stool samples were assessed by performing modified acid-fast staining, followed by examination under a light microscope. The overall positive rate of Cryptosporidium oocysts was 13.3%. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 8.6% stool samples obtained from inhabitants living in the area having water purification systems and in 14.6% stool samples obtained from inhabitants living in the area not having water purification systems. No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection between men and women (14.7% and 14.1%, respectively). The positive rate of oocysts by age was the highest among inhabitants in their 60s (40.0%). These findings suggest that the use of water purification systems is important for preventing Cryptosporidium infection among inhabitants of these rural areas in Sudan.

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  • Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence in the general population in Guinea: first large-scale screening study
    Timothé Guilavogui, Nausicaa Gantois, Jérémy Desramaut, Fode Ibrahima Cissé, Salif Cherif Touré, Bakary Luther Kourouma, Cristian Preda, Magali Chabé, Eric Viscogliosi, Gabriela Certad
    Parasite.2024; 31: 70.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among children with diarrhoea under five years admitted to Kosti teaching hospital, Kosti City, Sudan
    Abdelhakam G. Tamomh, AbdElhadi M. Agena, Elham Elamin, Mohammed A. Suliman, Mohammed Elmadani, Asmaa B. Omara, Sahar A. Musa
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • First report and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in humans and animals in Khartoum state, Sudan
    Kaltoum Yagoub Adam, A. A. Ismail, M. A. Masri, A. A. Gameel
    Veterinary World.2019; 12(1): 183.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological Survey on Schistosomiasis and Intestinal Helminthiasis among Village Residents of the Rural River Basin Area in White Nile State, Sudan
    Young-Ha Lee, Jin-Su Lee, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, In-Sun Kwon, Abd Al Wahab Saed Mohamed, Sung-Tae Hong
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(2): 135.     CrossRef
  • Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Africa: current and future challenges
    Sylvia Afriyie Squire, Una Ryan
    Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cryptosporidium spp. and rotavirus gastroenteritis and change of incidence after rotavirus vaccination among children in Raparin Pediatrics Hospital, Erbil, Iraq
    Sally S. Azeez, Hadi M. Alsakee
    Medical Journal of Indonesia.2017; 26(3): 190.     CrossRef
  • 9,196 View
  • 97 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens in the Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) from Jeonbuk Province, Korea
Giyong Seong, Yu-Jung Han, Sung-Suck Oh, Joon-Seok Chae, Do-Hyeon Yu, Jinho Park, Bae-Keun Park, Jae-Gyu Yoo, Kyoung-Seong Choi
Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(5):653-659.
Published online October 29, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.653
The
objective
of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in the Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Pathogens were identified using PCR which included Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, and Theileria. Rickettsia was not detected, whereas Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Theileria infections were detected in 4, 2, and 8 animals, respectively. The most prevalent pathogen was Theileria. Of the 8 Theileria-positive animals, 2 were mixed-infected with 3 pathogens (Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Theileria) and another 2 animals showed mixed-infection with 2 pathogens (Anaplasma and Theileria). Sequencing analysis was used to verify the PCR results. The pathogens found in this study were identified as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, and Theileria sp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report identifying these 3 pathogens in the Korean water deer. Our results suggest that the Korean water deer may serve as a major reservoir for these tick-borne pathogens, leading to spread of tick-borne diseases to domestic animals, livestock, and humans. Further studies are needed to investigate their roles in this respect.

Citations

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  • Nationwide Geographical and Temporal Distribution of Tick-Borne Diseases in Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus)
    Beoul Kim, Su-Jin Chae, You-Jeong Lee, Haksub Shin, Sunmin Kwak, Hyesung Jeong, Suwoong Lee, Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
    Animals.2025; 15(10): 1499.     CrossRef
  • Rapid visual detection of tick borne Anaplasma marginale in Indian buffaloes using loop mediated isothermal amplification assay targeting major surface protein 5 gene
    Niranjan Kumar, Jayesh Babulal Solanki, Dharmeshkumar Chandrakantbhai Patel
    Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2025; 49(4): 935.     CrossRef
  • Expanding the wildlife reservoir landscape: A high-throughput molecular surveillance study of zoonotic pathogens in Korean water deer
    Beoul Kim, Su-Jin Chae, You-Jeong Lee, Haksub Shin, Sunmin Kwak, Hyesung Jeong, Suwoong Lee, Yong-Myung Kang, Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
    One Health.2025; 21: 101187.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the relationship between flumethrin resistance and Anaplasma marginale infection in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks of cattle
    Meghavi Vasantbhai Patel, Niranjan Kumar, Jayesh Babulal Solanki, Irsadullakhan Habibullakhan Kalyani, Dharmeshkumar Chandrakantbhai Patel, Dharmeshkumar Babubhai Bhinsara
    Tropical Animal Health and Production.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Theileria spp. in Deer (Cervidae) in Korea
    Chang Uk Chung, Haeseung Lee, Min-Goo Seo, Seung-Hun Lee, Kyoo-Tae Kim, Kaifa Nazim, Jung-Sun Song, Dong Hwa Bae, Man Hee Rhee, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak
    Microorganisms.2023; 11(11): 2740.     CrossRef
  • Surveillance and Molecular Identification ofBorreliaSpecies in Ticks Collected at U.S. Army Garrison Humphreys, Republic of Korea, 2018–2019
    Seung-Ho Lee, Sung-Tae Chong, Heung-Chul Kim, Terry A Klein, Kyungmin Park, Jingyeong Lee, Jeong-Ah Kim, Won-Keun Kim, Jin-Won Song, Sarah Hamer
    Journal of Medical Entomology.2022; 59(1): 363.     CrossRef
  • Molecular detection of Rickettsia raoultii, Rickettsia tamurae, and associated pathogens from ticks parasitizing water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) in South Korea
    Min-Goo Seo, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak
    Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.2021; 12(4): 101712.     CrossRef
  • Genetic characterization and phylogenetic of Anaplasma capra in Persian onagers (Equus hemionus onager)
    Hamid Staji, Mohammadhasan Yousefi, Mahmoud Ahmadi Hamedani, Iradj Ashrafi Tamai, Sahar Ghaffari Khaligh
    Veterinary Microbiology.2021; 261: 109199.     CrossRef
  • Molecular Identification of Borrelia afzelii from Ticks Parasitizing Domestic and Wild Animals in South Korea
    Min-Goo Seo, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak
    Microorganisms.2020; 8(5): 649.     CrossRef
  • Identification of Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens from Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus)
    Seung-Uk Shin, Yu-Jin Park, Ji-Hyoung Ryu, Dong-Hun Jang, Sunwoo Hwang, Hyung-Chul Cho, Jinho Park, Jae-Ik Han, Kyoung-Seong Choi
    Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2020; 20(10): 745.     CrossRef
  • Novel variants of the newly emerged Anaplasma capra from Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) in South Korea
    Said Amer, Sungryong Kim, YoungMin Yun, Ki-Jeong Na
    Parasites & Vectors.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the efficacy of ivermectin against Theileria orientalis infection in grazing cattle
    Jinho Park, Jeong-Byoung Chae, Suhee Kim, Do-Hyeon Yu, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Bae-Keun Park, Joon-Seok Chae, Kyoung-Seong Choi
    BMC Veterinary Research.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular detection of Anaplasma bovis in Holstein cattle in the Republic of Korea
    Jinho Park, Du-Gyeong Han, Ji-Hyoung Ryu, Jeong-Byoung Chae, Joon-Seok Chae, Do-Hyeon Yu, Bae-Keun Park, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Kyoung-Seong Choi
    Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • First report of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in Holstein cattle in the Republic of Korea
    Du-Gyeong Han, Ji-Hyoung Ryu, Jeong-Byoung Chae, Dong-Woo Kim, Chan-Ho Kwon, Kyoung-Seong Choi
    Acta Tropica.2018; 183: 110.     CrossRef
  • Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of tick-borne pathogens in wild Korean water deer and farmed elk in Gyeongbuk and Gangwon Provinces of Korea
    Minkyo LEE, Min-Goo SEO, Seung-Hun LEE, In-Ohk OUH, Young-Hoan KIM, Joong-Kew KIM, Youn-Kyoung GOO, Man-Hee RHEE, Tae-Hwan KIM, Oh-Deog KWON, Dongmi KWAK
    Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2018; 80(9): 1473.     CrossRef
  • Molecular identification of selected tick-borne pathogens in wild deer and raccoon dogs from the Republic of Korea
    Yu-Jung Han, Jinho Park, Young-Sung Lee, Joon-seok Chae, Do-Hyeon Yu, Bae-Keun Park, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Kyoung-Seong Choi
    Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2017; 7: 25.     CrossRef
  • 10,595 View
  • 112 Download
  • 15 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Monitoring of Fasciola Species Contamination in Water Dropwort by COX1 Mitochondrial and ITS-2 rDNA Sequencing Analysis
In-Wook Choi, Hwang-Yong Kim, Juan-Hua Quan, Jae-Gee Ryu, Rubing Sun, Young-Ha Lee
Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(5):641-645.
Published online October 29, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.641
Fascioliasis, a food-borne trematode zoonosis, is a disease primarily in cattle and sheep and occasionally in humans. Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica), an aquatic perennial herb, is a common second intermediate host of Fasciola, and the fresh stems and leaves are widely used as a seasoning in the Korean diet. However, no information regarding Fasciola species contamination in water dropwort is available. Here, we collected 500 samples of water dropwort in 3 areas in Korea during February and March 2015, and the water dropwort contamination of Fasciola species was monitored by DNA sequencing analysis of the Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica specific mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2). Among the 500 samples assessed, the presence of F. hepatica cox1 and 1TS-2 markers were detected in 2 samples, and F. hepatica contamination was confirmed by sequencing analysis. The nucleotide sequences of cox1 PCR products from the 2 F. hepatica-contaminated samples were 96.5% identical to the F. hepatica cox1 sequences in GenBank, whereas F. gigantica cox1 sequences were 46.8% similar with the sequence detected from the cox1 positive samples. However, F. gigantica cox1 and ITS-2 markers were not detected by PCR in the 500 samples of water dropwort. Collectively, in this survey of the water dropwort contamination with Fasciola species, very low prevalence of F. hepatica contamination was detected in the samples.

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  • Isolation and molecular identification of liver fluke cercariae in freshwater snails of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran
    Bijan Hosseinpour Aghaei, Nadia Taiefi Nasrabadi, Yaser Pirali Kheirabadi, Seyed Shapoor Reza Shojaei
    Molluscan Research.2024; 44(1): 84.     CrossRef
  • Morphological and molecular identification of lymnaeid snail and trematodes cercariae in different water bodies in Perak, Malaysia
    Nazir Ahmad Tookhy, Nur Mahiza Md Isa, Rozaihan Mansor, Yasmin Abd Rahaman, Nur Indah Ahmad, Dung Thi Bui, Lokman Hakim Idris, Noor Hazfalinda Hamzah, Norhadila Zulkifli
    Parasitology Research.2023; 122(7): 1475.     CrossRef
  • Green vegetable juice as a potential source of human fascioliasis in Korea
    Sungim Choi, Sunghee Park, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min Jae Kim
    One Health.2022; 15: 100441.     CrossRef
  • Phylogenetic Characteristics of Fasciola hepatica Isolated from a Korean Patient
    Mi Jin Jeong, Jae Kyun Park, Hak Sun Yu
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(5): 367.     CrossRef
  • A Descriptive Study of Human Fascioliasis in Qaemshahr, Mazandaran Province, Iran: Its Prevalence and Risk Factors
    Lotfollah Davoodi, Azadeh Mizani, Roya Najafi-Vosough, Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi, afsane amouei, Mousa Motavallihaghi, Hamideh Izadyar, Fateme Amuei, Sara Pourhaghighi, Seyed Reza Mirbadie, Eissa Soleymani
    Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Review ofOenanthe javanica(Blume) DC. as Traditional Medicinal Plant and Its Therapeutic Potential
    Chuan-li Lu, Xiu-fen Li
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2019; 2019: 1.     CrossRef
  • Human fascioliasis infection sources, their diversity, incidence factors, analytical methods and prevention measures
    S. Mas-Coma, M. D. Bargues, M. A. Valero
    Parasitology.2018; 145(13): 1665.     CrossRef
  • 9,876 View
  • 107 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Water Systems of Hantangang and Imjingang in Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Soon-Won Lee, Seung-Bong Choi, Won-Seok Seok
Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(3):289-298.
Published online June 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.289
The infection status of freshwater fish with digenetic trematode metacercariae was examined in water systems of Hantangang and Imjingang (River), the Republic of Korea. A total of 877 (594 from Hantangang and 283 from Imjingang) fishes were examined by the artificial digestion methods. Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae were detected in 7 (1.2%) fishes (in 3 spp.) from Hantangang in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, and 40 (14.1%) fishes (in 7 spp.) from Munsancheon in Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do. The average densities were 1.9 and 35.6 per fish infected, respectively. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae were detected in 312 (52.5%) and 113 (39.9%) fishes from Hantangang and Imjingang, and their average densities were 47.5 and 9.6 per fish infected, respectively. Centrocestus armatus metacercariae were found in 161 (27.1%) and 70 (24.7%) fishes from Hantangang and Imjingang, and their average number per fish infected was 694 and 82, respectively. Echinostoma spp. metacercariae were detected in 50 (8.4%) and 94 (33.2%) fishes from Hantangang and Imjingang, and their average densities were 9.6 and 23.1 per fish infected, respectively. The infection status of fishes with metacercariae of Stephanoprora spp., Diplostomum spp., Clinostomum complanatum, Metorchis orientalis, and Metorchis taiwanensis were analyzed by surveyed regions. Conclusively, it was confirmed that C. sinensis metacercariae were quite commonly detected in fishes from Munsancheon but rarely from other localities, whereas the metacercariae of other digenetic trematodes were relatively prevalent in fishes from water systems of Hantangang and Imjingang in Korea.

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  • Prevalence of Foodborne Trematodes in Small Indigenous Fish Species in Local Markets of Phnom Penh, Cambodia
    Domenico Caruso, Lin Kong, Samnang Keo, Sreyni Yoeurn, Samphal Seng
    Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2024; 24(3): 141.     CrossRef
  • Infection characteristics of Metagonimus species (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae in fish from major rivers of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Re‐evaluation of certain aspects of the EFSA Scientific Opinion of April 2010 on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products, based on new scientific data. Part 2
    Ana Allende, Avelino Alvarez‐Ordóñez, Valeria Bortolaia, Sara Bover‐Cid, Alessandra De Cesare, Wietske Dohmen, Laurent Guillier, Lieve Herman, Liesbeth Jacxsens, Maarten Nauta, Lapo Mughini‐Gras, Jakob Ottoson, Luisa Peixe, Fernando Perez‐Rodriguez, Panag
    EFSA Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Infection Characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(2): 79.     CrossRef
  • Current status of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis in Korea: epidemiological perspectives integrating the data from human and intermediate hosts
    Won Gi Yoo, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
    Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1296.     CrossRef
  • Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Geum-gang (River) in Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Jai-Dong Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 23.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Infection Intensity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Soyang-cheon (Stream), in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Jong-Ho Park
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 265.     CrossRef
  • Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Irrigation Canal of Togyo-jeosuji (Reservoir) in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Eun-Joo Lim, Sung Yong Son, Eunmi Ko, Jaeseok Choi
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 427.     CrossRef
  • Endemicity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Deokcheon-gang (River) in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jeong-Gil Park, Jihee Ahn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(5): 523.     CrossRef
  • Intestinal Flukes Recovered from a Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, in the Republic of Korea
    Young-Il Lee, Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(1): 81.     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis of Centrocestus formosanus Infection in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) in Italy: A Window to a New Globalization-Derived Invasive Microorganism
    Antonino Pace, Ludovico Dipineto, Serena Aceto, Maria Concetta Censullo, Maria Carmen Valoroso, Lorena Varriale, Laura Rinaldi, Lucia Francesca Menna, Alessandro Fioretti, Luca Borrelli
    Animals.2020; 10(3): 456.     CrossRef
  • Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Clinostomid Metacercariae from Korea and Myanmar
    Eun Jeong Won, Yu Jeong Lee, Moon-Ju Kim, Jong-Yil Chai, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 635.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Yangcheon (Stream) in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(2): 145.     CrossRef
  • Infections with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fishes from Two Visiting Sites of Migratory Birds in Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 273.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Clinostomum complanatum Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Nakdong-gang (River) in Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(4): 389.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Fishes from Coastal Lakes in Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Soon-Won Lee
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 681.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Intensity of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Wicheon Stream in Gunwi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Dong-Chul Son
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(1): 41.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Tamjin-gang (River) in Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
    Ki-Bok Yoon, Hyun-Cheol Lim, Doo Young Jeon, Sook Park, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Sung-Shik Shin, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(2): 183.     CrossRef
  • Infections with Centrocestus armatus Metacercariae in Fishes from Water Systems of Major Rivers in Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Ki-Bok Yoon, Jai-Dong Kim, Dong Cheol Son, Soon-Won Lee
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 341.     CrossRef
  • Infection Status with Metagonimus spp. Metacercariae in Fishes from Seomjin-gang and Tamjin-gang in Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Ki-Bok Yoon
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 351.     CrossRef
  • Infections with Digenean Trematode Metacercariae in Two Invasive Alien Fish, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus, in Two Rivers in Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
    Seongjun Choe, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Yeseul Kang, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 509.     CrossRef
  • A Case of Endoscopically Treated Laryngopharyngitis Resulting fromClinostomum complanatumInfection
    Geum Soo Lee, Sang Wook Park, Jin Kim, Kang Seok Seo, Kyoung Wan You, Jae Hun Chung, Hyeong Chul Moon, Gun Young Hong
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2017; 69(3): 177.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Seomjin-gang (River)
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Mi-Yeoun Park, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Ki-Bok Yoon, Hyun-Cheol Lim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 305.     CrossRef
  • X-ray microcomputed tomography reveals putative trematode metacercaria in a 100 million year-old lizard (Squamata: Agamidae)
    George Poinar, Kenneth A. Philbrick, Martin J. Cohn, Russell T. Turner, Urszula T. Iwaniec, Joerg Wunderlich
    Cretaceous Research.2017; 80: 27.     CrossRef
  • 11,425 View
  • 199 Download
  • 24 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Brief Communication

Karyological Studies of Biomphalaria tenagophila (d'Orbigny, 1835) (Gastropoda: Planobidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Gab Man Park, Tai-Soon Yong
Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(4):449-451.
Published online August 29, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.449

The karyotypes of Biomphalaria tenagophila collected from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were studied using the air-drying method. Somatic cells of this species had 2n=36. The 18 chromosome pairs were identified and classified into 3 groups. The diploid cell has 7 pairs of metacentric, 8 pairs of submetacentric, and 3 pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. Observed chromosomes ranged from 2.4 to 6.4 ?m, and the total length was 122.3 ?m. This is the first report on the chromosome of B. tenagophila.

  • 9,418 View
  • 100 Download
  • 1 Web of Science

Original Articles

Prevalence of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Gangwon-do, Korea
Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Won-Seok Seok, Taejoon Lee, Kyungjin Jeong, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(4):399-412.
Published online August 29, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.399

The infection status of zoonotic trematode metacercariae was investigated in a total of 2,293 freshwater fish collected from 11 rivers or streams in 9 administrative regions of Gangwon-do, Korea for 5 years (2009-2013). All fish were collected by netting methods and examined using the artificial digestion methods. Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae were detected in 4 fish species, i.e., Pungtungia herzi, Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Acheilognathus rhombeus, and Ladislabia taczanowskii, from only Hantangang in Cheorwon-gun. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae were found in 1,154 (50.3%) fish and their average number per infected fish was 55.8. Among the positive fish species, especially Tribolodon hakonensis from Namdaecheon in Yangyang-gun and Plecoglossus altivelis from Osipcheon in Samcheok-si were most heavily infected. Centrocestus armatus metacercariae were detected in 611 (26.7%) fish and the average metacercarial burden per infected fish was 1,032. Two chub species, Zacco platypus and Zacco temminckii were highly and heavily infected with C. armatus metacercariae in almost all regions surveyed. Echinostoma spp. metacercariae were also found in 24 fish from a few localities, but their numbers per fish infected were very low. From the above results, it is confirmed that the metacercariae of intestinal flukes, especially Metagonimus spp. and C. armatus, were heavily infected, while C. sinensis metacercariae were rarely found in fish from Gangwon-do, Korea.

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Paragonimus paishuihoensis Metacercariae in Freshwater Crabs, Potamon lipkei, in Vientiane Province, Lao PDR
Shigehisa Habe, Pham Ngoc Doanh, Shinichiro Yahiro, Nanthasane Vannavong, Hubert Barennes, Peter Odermatt, Gilles Dreyfuss, Yoichiro Horii, Yukifumi Nawa
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):683-687.
Published online December 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.683

Among Paragonimus species, P. paishuihoensis is one of the most mysterious and poorly understood species. Metacercariae are characterized by having a unique dendritically branched excretory bladder. However, the morphology of the adult worm remains unknown. To date, metacercariae of this species have been reported only in China and Thailand. In this study, we first found P. paishuihoensis metacercariae in freshwater crabs, Potamon lipkei, in Hinheub District, Vientiane, Lao PDR, with a prevalence of 77.7% and the average intensity of 10.3 (range 1-28) metacercariae per crab. The molecular data based on ITS2 and CO1 markers indicated that P. paishuihoensis from Laos and Thailand were almost completely identical and were close to members of the Paragonimus bangkokensis/Paragonimus harinasutai complex. Attempts to infect experimental animals (cats, dogs, and rats) with P. paishuihoensis were unsuccessful, suggesting that these animals might be unsuitable definitive hosts for the species. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the taxonomic status and life cycle of P. paishuihoensis.

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  • Lung flukes of the genusParagonimus: ancient and re-emerging pathogens
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    Parasitology International.2015; 64(6): 513.     CrossRef
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Case Report

A Waterborne Outbreak and Detection of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Drinking Water of an Older High-Rise Apartment Complex in Seoul
Eun-Joo Cho, Jin-Young Yang, Eun-Sook Lee, Se-Chul Kim, So-Yang Cha, Sung-Tek Kim, Man-Ho Lee, Sun-Hee Han, Young-Sang Park
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):461-466.
Published online August 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.461

From May to June 2012, a waterborne outbreak of 124 cases of cryptosporidiosis occurred in the plumbing systems of an older high-rise apartment complex in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The residents of this apartment complex had symptoms of watery diarrhea and vomiting. Tap water samples in the apartment complex and its adjacent buildings were collected and tested for 57 parameters under the Korean Drinking Water Standards and for additional 11 microbiological parameters. The microbiological parameters included total colony counts, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus, fecal streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, total culturable viruses, and Norovirus. While the tap water samples of the adjacent buildings complied with the Korean Drinking Water Standards for all parameters, fecal bacteria and Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in the tap water samples of the outbreak apartment complex. It turned out that the agent of the disease was Cryptosporidium parvum. The drinking water was polluted with sewage from a septic tank in the apartment complex. To remove C. parvum oocysts, we conducted physical processes of cleaning the water storage tanks, flushing the indoor pipes, and replacing old pipes with new ones. Finally we restored the clean drinking water to the apartment complex after identification of no oocysts.

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Original Articles

Echinostoma revolutum: Freshwater Snails as the Second Intermediate Hosts in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Kittichai Chantima, Jong-Yil Chai, Chalobol Wongsawad
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):183-189.
Published online April 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.183

The occurrence of 37-collar spined echinostome metacercariae in freshwater snails was investigated in 6 districts of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, from October 2011 to April 2012. A total of 2,914 snails that belong to 12 species were examined, and 7 snail species (Clea helena, Eyriesia eyriesi, Bithynia funiculata, Bithynia siamensis siamensis, Filopaludina doliaris, Filopaludina sumatrensis polygramma, and Filopaludina martensi martensi) were found infected with echinostome metacercariae. The prevalence of metacercariae was the highest in Filopaludina spp. (38.5-58.7%) followed by B. funiculata (44.0%), E. eyriesi (12.5%), B. siamensis siamensis (8.2%), and C. helena (5.1%). Metacercariae were experimentally fed to hamsters and domestic chicks, and adult flukes were recovered from both hosts at days 15 and 20 post-infection. The adult flukes were identified based on morphological features, morphometrics, host-parasite relationships, and geographical distribution. They were compatible to Echinostoma revolutum or Echinostoma jurini, with only minor differences. As the adults were recovered from both hamsters and chicks, our specimens were more compatible to E. revolutum rather than E. jurini (reported only from mammals). This is the first report for metacercariae of E. revolutum in the snail host, C. helena, and also confirmed that Filopaludina spp., E. eryresi, and Bithynia spp. act as the second intermediate hosts of E. revolutum under natural conditions, which are indigenously distributed in Chiang Mai province.

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Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Three Latitudinal Regions of the Korean Peninsula
Shin-Hyeong Cho, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim, Yoon Kong, Keeseon Eom, Won-Seok Seok, Taejoon Lee
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):385-398.
Published online December 16, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.385

A large-scale survey was conducted to investigate the infection status of fresh water fishes with Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae (CsMc) in 3 wide regions, which were tentatively divided by latitudinal levels of the Korean peninsula. A total of 4,071 freshwater fishes were collected from 3 regions, i.e., northern (Gangwon-do: 1,543 fish), middle (Chungcheongbuk-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do: 1,167 fish), and southern areas (Jeollanam-do, Ulsan-si, and Gyeongsangnam-do: 1,361 fish). Each fish was examined by the artificial digestion method from 2003 to 2010. In northern areas, only 11 (0.7%) fish of 2 species, Pungtungia herzi and Squalidus japonicus coreanus from Hantan-gang, Cheolwon-gun, Gangwon-do were infected with av. 2.6 CsMc. In middle areas, 149 (12.8%) fish were infected with av. 164 CsMc. In southern areas, 538 (39.5%) fish were infected with av. 159 CsMc. In the analysis of endemicity in 3 regions with an index fish, P. herzi, 9 (6.2%) of 146 P. herzi from northern areas were infected with av. 2.8 CsMc. In middle areas, 34 (31.8%) of 107 P. herzi were infected with av. 215 CsMc, and in southern areas, 158 (92.9%) of 170 P. herzi were infected with av. 409 CsMc. From these results, it has been confirmed that the infection status of fish with CsMc is obviously different among the 3 latitudinal regions of the Korean peninsula with higher prevalence and burden in southern regions.

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A Ten-year Survey of Giardia Cysts in Drinking Water Supplies of Seoul, the Republic of Korea
Mok-Young Lee, Eun-Joo Cho, Jin-Hyo Lee, Sun-Hee Han, Yong-Sang Park
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(1):9-15.
Published online March 18, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.9

To understand the distribution of Giardia cysts in drinking water supplies in Seoul, Korea, we collected water samples quarterly at 6 intakes in the Han River, its largest stream and 6 conventional water treatment plants (WTPs) serving drinking water, from 2000 to 2009. Giardia cysts in each of 10 L water were confirmed in 35.0% of intake water samples and the arithmetic mean was 1.65 cysts/10 L (range 0-35 cysts/10 L). The lowest cyst density was observed at Paldang and Kangbuk intakes, and the pollution level was higher at 4 intakes downstream. It seemed that these 4 intakes were under influence of Wangsuk stream at the end of which cysts were found in all samples with the mean of 140 cysts/10 L. The annual mean number of cysts was 0.21-4.21 cysts/10 L, and the cyst level at the second half of the 10 years was about 1/5 of that at first half on average. The cysts were more frequently found in winter, and their mean density was 3.74 cysts/10 L in winter and 0.80-1.08 cysts/10 L in other seasons. All finished water samples collected at 6 WTPs were negative for Giardia in each of 100 L sample for 10 years and cyst removal by physical process was average 2.9-log. It was concluded that conventional water treatment at 6 WTPs of Seoul appears to remove the cysts effectively under the present level of their source water. Domestic wastewater from the urban region could be an important source of Giardia pollution in the river.

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Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):297-301.
Published online December 16, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.297

Recently, emerging waterborne protozoa, such as microsporidia, Cyclospora, and Cryptosporidium, have become a challenge to human health worldwide. Rapid, simple, and economical detection methods for these major waterborne protozoa in environmental and clinical samples are necessary to control infection and improve public health. In the present study, we developed a multiplex PCR test that is able to detect all these 3 major waterborne protozoa at the same time. Detection limits of the multiplex PCR method ranged from 101 to 102 oocysts or spores. The primers for microsporidia or Cryptosporidium used in this study can detect both Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis, or both Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum, respectively. Restriction enzyme digestion of PCR products with BsaBI or BsiEI makes it possible to distinguish the 2 species of microsporidia or Cryptosporidium, respectively. This simple, rapid, and cost-effective multiplex PCR method will be useful for detecting outbreaks or sporadic cases of waterborne protozoa infections.

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A Survey of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Water Supplies during a 10-Year Period (2000-2009) in Seoul
Mok Young Lee, Eun Joo Cho, Jin Hyo Lee, Sun Hee Han, Yong Sang Park
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(3):219-224.
Published online September 16, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.219

This study has been conducted to estimate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water supplies in the Metropolitan area of Seoul, South Korea, for 10 years from 2000 to 2009. Water samples were collected quarterly at 6 intakes in the Han River and its largest stream and 6 conventional Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) serving drinking water for 10 million people of Seoul. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 22.5% of intake water samples and arithmetic mean was 0.65 oocysts/10 L (range 0-22 oocysts/10 L). Although the annual mean of oocyst number was as low as 0.04-1.90 oocysts/10 L, 3 peaks in 2004 and 2007 were observed and the pollution level was a little higher in winter. The lowest density was observed at Paldang intake and the pollution level increased at Kuui and Jayang intakes. At the end of the largest stream, oocysts were found in 70% of collected samples (mean 5.71 oocysts/10 L) and it seemed that its joining the Han River resulted in the increase at Kuui intake and downstream. Oocyst removal by physical process exceeded 2.0-2.3 log and then all finished water samples collected at 6 WTPs were negative for Cryptosporidium in each 100 L sample for 10 years. These results suggested that domestic wastewater from the urban region could be a source of Cryptosporidium pollution and separating sewage systems adjacent to the intakes could be meaningful for some intakes having weakness related to parasitological water quality.

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Biological and Genetic Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis Isolates from Five Hydrographical Basins in Northern Portugal
Andr? Almeida, Maria Jo?o Moreira, S?nia Soares, Maria de Lurdes Delgado, Jo?o Figueiredo, Elisabete Silva Magalh?es, Ant?nio Castro, Alexandra Viana Da Costa, Jos? Manuel Correia da Costa
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(2):105-111.
Published online June 17, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.2.105

To understand the situation of water contamination with Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in the northern region of Portugal, we have established a long-term program aimed at pinpointing the sources of surface water and environmental contamination, working with the water-supply industry. Here, we describe the results obtained with raw water samples collected in rivers of the 5 hydrographical basins. A total of 283 samples were analyzed using the Method 1623 EPA, USA. Genetic characterization was performed by PCR and sequencing of genes 18S rRNA of Cryptosporidium spp. and β-giardin of Giardia spp. Infectious stages of the protozoa were detected in 72.8% (206 of 283) of the water samples, with 15.2% (43 of 283) positive for Giardia duodenalis cysts, 9.5% (27 of 283) positive for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, and 48.1% (136 of 283) samples positive for both parasites. The most common zoonotic species found were G. duodenalis assemblages A-I, A-II, B, and E genotypes, and Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium andersoni, Cryptosporidium hominis, and Cryptosporidium muris. These results suggest that cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are important public health issues in northern Portugal. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report evaluating the concentration of environmental stages of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in raw water samples in the northern region of Portugal.

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Brief Communication

Infection Status of Freshwater Crabs and Crayfish with Metacercariae of Paragonimus westermani in Korea
Eun-Min Kim, Jae-Lip Kim, Sung-Il Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee, Sung-Tae Hong
Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):425-426.
Published online December 2, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.425

The present study investigated the infection status of Paragonimus westermani metacercariae in freshwater crabs (n = 363) and crayfish (n = 31) from October 2007 to October 2008 using the crush method. All of the freshwater crabs, Eriocheir japonicus, were negative for P. westermani metacercariae while 10 (32.3%) of the 31 examined crayfish were positive. The 10 positive crayfish were caught in Haenam, Jeollanam-do, and there were 8-59 (mean 28.4) metacrcariae per infected crayfish. These results suggest that P. westermani metacerariae are still transmitted by crayfish enzootically in southern Korea, and that freshwater crabs may transmit metacercariae only on rare occasions.

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Case Report

A Human Case of Clinostomum complanatum Infection in Korea
Chan-Woong Park, Jong-Soon Kim, Hyun-Soo Joo, Jin Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):401-404.
Published online December 2, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.401

A 33-year-old Korean man visited a medical clinic with complaints of throat discomfort and pain for one week. The symptoms occurred one day after eating raw brackish water fish, perch. Endoscopy revealed a fluke, about 5 mm in length, attaching to and peristaltically moving on the surface of the mucosa at the arytenoid region of the larynx. Microscopically, the testes were triangular, tandem, and separated by the uterus. The ovary and cirrus pouch were placed apart from median line between testes. Numerous blood cells were observed in the ceca. The worm was identified to be Clinostomum complanatum. This is the second human case of clinostomiasis in Korea.

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Original Article

Cryptosporidium Oocyst Detection in Water Samples: Floatation Technique Enhanced with Immunofluorescence Is as Effective as Immunomagnetic Separation Method
Khuanchai Koompapong, Chantira Sutthikornchai, Yowalark Sukthana
Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):353-357.
Published online December 1, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.353

Cryptosporidium can cause gastrointestinal diseases worldwide, consequently posing public health problems and economic burden. Effective techniques for detecting contaminated oocysts in water are important to prevent and control the contamination. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method has been widely employed recently due to its efficiency, but, it is costly. Sucrose floatation technique is generally used for separating organisms by using their different specific gravity. It is effective and cheap but time consuming as well as requiring highly skilled personnel. Water turbidity and parasite load in water sample are additional factors affecting to the recovery rate of those 2 methods. We compared the efficiency of IMS and sucrose floatation methods to recover the spiked Cryptosporidium oocysts in various turbidity water samples. Cryptosporidium oocysts concentration at 1, 101, 102, and 103 per 10 ?l were spiked into 3 sets of 10 ml-water turbidity (5, 50, and 500 NTU). The recovery rate of the 2 methods was not different. Oocyst load at the concentration < 102 per 10 ml yielded unreliable results. Water turbidity at 500 NTU decreased the recovery rate of both techniques. The combination of sucrose floatation and immunofluorescense assay techniques (SF-FA) showed higher recovery rate than IMS and immunofluorescense assay (IMS-FA). We used this SF-FA to detect Cryptosporidium and Giardia from the river water samples and found 9 and 19 out of 30 (30% and 63.3%) positive, respectively. Our results favored sucrose floatation technique enhanced with immunofluorescense assay for detecting contaminated protozoa in water samples in general laboratories and in the real practical setting.

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Mini Review

Fish-borne Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in the Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn
Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(Suppl):S103.
Published online October 26, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S103

The prevalence of fish-borne trematodes (FBT), including Clonorchis sinensis, is still high in riverside areas of the Republic of Korea. The author reviewed the detection and identification methods, differential keys, fish intermediate hosts, and morphological characteristics of FBT metacercariae. FBT metacercariae found in freshwater fish are classified mainly into 4 families, i.e., Opisthorchiidae, Heterophyidae, Echinostomatidae, and Clinostomidae. The metacercariae of C. sinensis, found in 40 species of freshwater fish, are elliptical and 0.15-0.17 × 0.13-0.15 mm in size, have nearly equal sized oral and ventral suckers, brownish pigment granules, and an O-shaped excretory bladder. Their general morphologies are similar to those of Metorchis orientalis (except in the thickness of the cyst wall). Metagonimus spp. (M. yokogawai, M. takahashii, and M. miyatai) metacercariae are subglobular or disc-shaped, and 0.14-0.16 mm in diameter. They have yellow-brownish pigment granules, a ventral sucker deflectively located from median, and a V-shaped excretory bladder. The metacercariae and fish intermediate hosts of Centrocestus armatus, Clinostomum complanatum, and 3 echinostomatid flukes (Echinostoma hortense, E. cinetorchis, and Echinochasmus japonicus) were summarized. FBT metacercariae detected in brackish water fish are mainly members of the Heterophyidae. The morphological characters, identification keys, and fish intermediate hosts of 7 species (Heterophyes nocens, Heterophyopsis continua, Pygidiopsis summa, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Stictodora fuscata, Stictodora lari, and Acanthotrema felis) were also reviewed. The contents treated in this study will provide assistance at the laboratory bench level to those working on recovery of metacercariae from fish hosts and identifying them.

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Original Articles

Fishborne Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Yichao Yang, Xueming Li
Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):249-257.
Published online August 28, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.249

A survey was performed to investigate the infection status of fishborne trematode (FBT) metacercariae in freshwater fish from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. A total of 307 freshwater fish of 31 species were collected from 5 administrative regions of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. They were examined by artificial digestion method from July 2003 to August 2004. No metacercariae were detected in fish from Fusui-xian. In fish from Mashan-xian and a market in Nanning, 3 species of metacercariae, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, and Centrocestus formosanus, were mainly detected. Metacercariae (8 in number) of Clonorchis sinensis were found in 1 Chanodichthys dabryi purchased from a market in Nanning. In fish from Yangshuo, Metagonimus yokogawai metacercariae were detected from all 18 fish species examined. Total 13 C. sinensis metacercariae were found in 3 out of 10 Hemibarbus maculatus from Yangshuo. All 7 Zacco platypus from Yangshuo were infected with 8-112 Echinochasmus perfoliatus metacercariae. In fish from Binyang-xian, H. pumilo metacercariae were mainly detected in all 5 fish species examined, and only 1 metacercaria of C. sinensis was found in a Hemiculter leucisculus. From the above results, it was confirmed that some species of freshwater fish play a role of second intermediate hosts for FBT in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. In particular, 4 species of intestinal flukes, M. yokogawai, H. taichui, H. pumilio, and C. formosanus, were prevalent in fish hosts, whereas C. sinensis metacercariae were detected only in 3 fish species.

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Infection Status of Freshwater Fish with Metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis in Korea
Eun-Min Kim, Jae-Lip Kim, Sung Yil Choi, Jae-Whan Kim, Siwon Kim, Min-Ho Choi, Young Mee Bae, Soon-Hyung Lee, Sung-Tae Hong
Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(4):247-251.
Published online December 20, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.4.247

This study investigated freshwater fish for their current infection status with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis in Korea. Twenty-one species of freshwater fish (n = 677) were collected from 34 regions nationwidely from February 2007 to June 2008. They were individually examined by digestion technique. Eight species of freshwater fish from 17 different regions were recognized positive for the metacercariae of C. sinensis. The positive rates (range of metacercariae number per fish) of fish by the species were as follows: 48% (1-1,142) in Pseudorasbora parva, 60% (1-412) in Pungtungia herzi, 15.7% (1-23) in Pseudogobio esocinus, 29% (1-7) in Acheilognathus intermedia, 21% (1-4) in Odontobutis interrupta, 33% (1-6) in Zacco temmincki, 3.6% (1-4) in Zacco platypus, and 26.3% (1) in Hemibarbus labeo. The two species, P. parva and P. herzi, are able to be the index fish for estimation of C. sinensis transmission in a certain locality. Still several species of freshwater fish are briskly transmitting C. sinensis infection in many riverside areas of southern Korea.

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Brief Communication

Prevalence of Haplorchis taichui and Haplorchoides sp. Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Water Reservoirs, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Choosak Nithikathkul, Chalobol Wongsawad
Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(2):109-112.
Published online June 20, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.109

A parasitological investigation on trematode metacercariae was made on 62 freshwater fishes of 13 species in northern Thailand; Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Puntioplites proctozysron, Labiobarbus siamensis, Barbodes gonionotus, Barbodes altus, Henicorhynchus siamensis, Osteochilus hasselti, Notopterus notopterus, Mystacoleucus marginatus, Anabas testudineus, Systomus orphoides, Morulius chrysophykadian, and Hampala macrolepidota. The fish were caught over the summer period (February-May 2007) from 2 Chiang Mai water reservoirs, i.e., the Mae Ngad (UTM 47Q E 503200, 47Q N 2119300) and the Mae Kuang Udomtara (UTM 47Q E 513000, 47Q N 2092600) Reservoirs in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The prevalence of heterophyid (Haplorchis taichui and Haplorchoides sp.) metacercariae in these fish was 83.9% and 74.2% in the Mae Ngad and Mae Kuang Udomtara Reservoirs, respectively. The highest intensity of heterophyid metacercariae in H. siamensis in the Mae Ngad was 120.4 and that in P. proctozysron in the Mae Kuang Udomtara was 180.0. The fish, A. testudineus, C. apogon, and M. chrysophykadian, were not found to be infected with H. taichui metacercariae. The results show that the freshwater fish in Chiang Mai water reservoirs are heavily infected with H. taichui and Haplorchoides sp. metacercariae.

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Original Article

The role of domestic tap water in Acanthamoeba contamination in contact lens storage cases in Korea
Hae Jin Jeong, Hak Sun Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(2):47-50.
Published online June 20, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.2.47

A survey was carried out from August to December 2004 in Pusan, Korea to document the presence of free-living amoeba (FLA), including the genus Acanthamoeba, in both contact lens storage cases and domestic tap water. Acanthamoeba was isolated from 5 (4.2%) in 120 contact lens storage cases. Four house tap water samples from residents, whose contact lens storage cases had been contaminated by Acanthamoeba, were also found to be contaminated with Acanthamoeba. Therefore, the contamination rate of FLA and Acanthamoeba in domestic tap water was investigated in order to examine the role of domestic tap water in Acanthamoeba contamination of contact lens storage cases. FLA and Acanthamoeba were identified in 97 (46.8%) and 16 (7.7%) of the 207 domestic tap water samples, respectively. There were no significant differences between the contamination rates of FLA in tap water according to the filtration plant of origin. No FLA was detected in the tap water directly supplied by the water purification plants. Water storage tanks appear to promote FLA colonization, including Acanthamoeba, in domestic tap water. This increases the risk of Acanthamoeba contamination in contact lens storage cases as well as increasing the risk of Acanthamoeba keratitis.

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Brief Communications

Identification of Acanthotrema felis (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae encysted in the brackish water fish Acanthogobius flavimanus
Woon-Mok Sohn, Eun-Taek Han, Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai
Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(2):101-105.
Published online June 20, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.2.101

The metacercariae of Acanthotrema felis Sohn et al., 2003 (Digenea: Heterophyidae) were discovered in a species of the brackish water fish, Acanthogobius flavimanus, in the Republic of Korea. They were experimentally fed to kittens, and adult flukes were harvested 7 days later. The adults were morphologically characterized by the presence of a bipartite seminal vesicle, the ventral sucker associated with a ventrogenital sac enclosing 3 sclerites (2 long and pointed, and 1 short and thumb-like), and an unarmed gonotyl. The adult flukes were identified as A. felis Sohn et al., 2003, and the brackish water fish A. flavimanus has been verified as one of its second intermediate hosts.

Citations

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    Jong-Yil Chai, Jae-Lip Kim, Min Seo
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    Shin-Hyeong Cho, Pyo-Yun Cho, Dong-Min Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, In-Sang Kim, Eun-Jung Hwang, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
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    Woon-Mok Sohn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S103.     CrossRef
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    Do Gyun Kim, Tong-Soo Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hyeon-Je Song, Woon-Mok Sohn
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  • Two species of goby, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Scartelaos sp., as the new second intermediate hosts of heterophyid fluke in Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Jung-A Kim, Hyun-Jae Song
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Infection status of Paragonimus westermani metacercariae in crayfish (Cambaroides similis) collected from Bogildo (Islet), Wando-gun, Chollanam-do, Korea
Myeong-Heon Shin, Duk-Young Min
Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(1):55-57.
Published online March 31, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.1.55

During the period from October 1996 to November 1998, the infection status of Paragonimus westermani metacercariae in freshwater crayfish (Cambaroides similis) collected from Bogildo (islet), Wando-gun, Chollanam-do, which is known for an endemic area of P. westermani in Korea, were examined. The average infection rate of Paragonimus metacercariae in crayfish was 88.6%, and mean number of metacercariae per infected crayfish was 30.2. This metacercarial density was the highest in the group of weight in 7.1-9.0 g. These results suggest that the natural life cycle of P. westermani is still well-preserved in Bogildo.

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Original Article
Presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in Drinking Water Samples in the North of Portugal
Almeida, Andre , Moreira, Maria Joao , Soares, Sonia , Delgado, Maria de Lurdes , Figueiredo, Joao , Silva, Elisabete , Castro, Antonio , Cosa, Jose Manuel Correida Da
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):43-48.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.43
Cryptosporidium and Giardia are 2 protozoan parasites responsible for waterborne diseases outbreaks worldwide. In order to assess the prevalence of these protozoans in drinking water samples in the northern part of Portugal and the risk of human infection, we have established a long term program aiming at pinpointing the sources of surface water, drinking water, and environmental contamination, working with the water-supply industry. Total 43 sources of drinking water samples were selected, and a total of 167 samples were analyzed using the Method 1623. Sensitivity assays regarding the genetic characterization by PCR and sequencing of the genes, 18S SSU rRNA, for Cryptosporidium spp. and beta,-giardin for G. duodenalis were set in the laboratory. According to the defined criteria, molecular analysis was performed over 4 samples. Environmental stages of the protozoa were detected in 25.7% (43 out of 167) of the water samples, 8.4% (14 out of 167) with cysts of Giardia, 10.2% (17 out of 167) with oocysts of Cryptosporidium and 7.2% (12 out of 167) for both species. The mean concentrations were 0.1-12.7 oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. per 10 L and 0.1-108.3 cysts of Giardia duodenalis per 10 L. Our results suggest that the efficiency in drinking water plants must be ameliorated in their efficiency in reducing the levels of contamination. We suggest the implementation of systematic monitoring programs for both protozoa. To authors' knowledge, this is the first report evaluating the concentration of environmental stages of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in drinking water samples in the northern part of Portugal.

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